Patent Application Titled “Methods for Reducing the Incidence of Oxidative Stress Using Human Milk Oligosaccharides, Vitamin C and Anti-Inflammatory…

Patent Application Titled "Methods for Reducing the Incidence of Oxidative Stress Using Human Milk Oligosaccharides, Vitamin C and Anti-Inflammatory Agents" Published Online (USPTO 20180042950)

By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pharma Business Week -- According to news reporting originating from Washington, D.C., by NewsRx journalists, a patent application by the inventors DAVIS, STEVEN R. (Galena, OH); BUCK, RACHAEL (Gahanna, OH); DUSKA-MCEWEN, GERALYN O. (Columbus, OH), filed on October 23, 2017, was made available online on February 22, 2018 (see also Abbott Laboratories).

The assignee for this patent application is Abbott Laboratories.

Reporters obtained the following quote from the background information supplied by the inventors: "The inflammatory response is an attempt by the body to restore and maintain homeostasis after invasion by an infectious agent, antigen challenge, or physical, chemical or traumatic damage. While the inflammatory response is generally considered a healthy response to injury, the immune system can present an undesirable physiological response if it is not appropriately regulated. Specifically, unregulated oxidation and associated inflammation are major causes of tissue damage and clinically significant disease in preterm and term infants. This is due in large part to the immaturity in function of the natural immune system of infants, and especially preterm infants.

"Breastfeeding has been associated with enhanced development and balanced growth and maturation of the infant's respiratory, gastrointestinal and immune systems, thereby providing protection of the infant to infection and inflammatory diseases. Breast milk appears to contain endogenous antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, or other non-enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione, lactoferrin and polyphenols, in addition to exogenous antioxidants, such as vitamins A, C, E and selenium. Further, breast milk includes HMOs that not only act as pathogen receptor analogues, but activate immune factors by infant intestinal epithelial cells and/or associated immune cell populations. The function of these breast milk components, functioning as antioxidants and as immune modulators, includes not only the protection of breast milk lipids by peroxidation, but may also assist in the regulation of inflammatory responses to infection or other injury.

"Not all infants receive human breast milk. Further, no vaccines are currently available for the prevention of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, development of safe and efficacious preventative or therapeutic methods would be beneficial, especially for infants.

"It would therefore be desirable to provide nutritional compositions, and synthetic infant formulas in particular, that can produce nutritional benefits including improved immune system growth and development. It would additionally be beneficial if the nutritional compositions could modulate inflammation and enhance immunity against microbial infections, including bacterial and viral infections, and other inflammatory diseases."

In addition to obtaining background information on this patent application, NewsRx editors also obtained the inventors' summary information for this patent application: "The present disclosure is directed to nutritional compositions, including synthetic infant formulas, synthetic pediatric formulas, and synthetic child formulas, including at least one HMO, alone or in combination with one or more of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), antioxidants, and/or nucleotides, for reducing inflammation in an infant, toddler, or child, as well as methods of using the compositions.

"One embodiment is a method of reducing the incidence of oxidative stress in an infant, toddler, or child in need thereof. The method comprises administering to the infant, toddler, or child a composition comprising at least one human milk oligosaccharide selected from the group consisting of 6'-silayllactose, 2'-fucosyllactose, and lacto-N-neotetraose.

"Another embodiment is a method of reducing the incidence of oxidative stress in an infant, toddler, or child in need thereof. The method comprises administering to the infant, toddler, or child a composition comprising 6'-silayllactose, 2'-fucosyllactose, and lacto-N-neotetraose.

"Another embodiment is a method of increasing glutathione levels in a body of an infant, toddler, or child in need thereof. The method comprises administering to the infant, toddler, or child a composition comprising 6'-silayllactose, 2'-fucosyllactose, and lacto-N-neotetraose.

"Another embodiment is a method of reducing the incidence of oxidative stress in an infant, toddler, or child in need thereof. The method comprises administering to the infant, toddler, or child a composition comprising at least one neutral human milk oligosaccharide and at least one acidic human milk oligosaccharide.

"Another embodiment is a method of increasing glutathione levels in a body of an infant, toddler, or child in need thereof. The method comprises administering to the infant, toddler, or child a composition comprising at least one neutral human milk oligosaccharide and at least one acidic human milk oligosaccharide.

"It has been discovered that specific HMOs, such as 3'-sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose and others as noted herein, are highly effective in dampening inflammation generally in infants, toddlers, and children, and specifically in dampening virus-induced inflammation, including respiratory syncytial virus, human parainfluenza, and influenza A, in infants, toddlers, and children by reducing the production of some key cytokines from human immune cells without increasing viral load, which may lead to faster recovery from infections. Surprisingly, it was determined that the HMOs demonstrate the desirable dampening effects even at very low concentrations, including concentrations lower than those found in breast milk. Also, it was unexpectedly found that 6'-sialyllactose is immunomodulatory even in the absence of a virus, and induces the production of monocyte-derived cytokines. It has further been discovered that although biological reactions often occur within a 30 to 60 minute period, and thus a 30 to 60 minute incubation is generally used for in vitro procedures, a 24 hour pre-treatment of cells provides a closer reflection of the daily pre-exposure to HMOs that a breast-fed infant would receive from breast milk.

"Additionally, it has been found that fucosyllated HMOs, including 3'-fucosyllactose, alone or in combination with sialic acid, are highly effective in inhibiting respiratory viruses. Even at low concentrations, the 3'-fucosyllactose and sialic acid are effective.

"Moreover, it has been discovered that specific HMOs act in a synergistic manner against respiratory viruses, including RSV, when combined with a long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and/or a carotenoid. These synergistic actions dampen virus-induced inflammatory cytokines, and specifically interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10). Additional components including antioxidants, such as vitamin A and vitamin E, or nucleotides, may also be added to the HMO and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and/or carotenoid combinations.

"It has further been found that a combination of HMOs including acidic/sialylated (e.g., 6'-sialyllactose) and/or neutral/fucosylated (e.g., 2'-fucosyllactose) and/or n-acetylglucosylated (e.g., LNnT) prevents the development of necrotizing entercolitis. Also, these HMOs have been found to decrease the oxidative stress and increase glutathione levels in infants."

For more information, see this patent application: DAVIS, STEVEN R.; BUCK, RACHAEL; DUSKA-MCEWEN, GERALYN O. Methods for Reducing the Incidence of Oxidative Stress Using Human Milk Oligosaccharides, Vitamin C and Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Filed October 23, 2017 and posted February 22, 2018. Patent URL: http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220180042950%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20180042950&RS=DN/20180042950

Keywords for this news article include: HMO, Antiinflammatory Agents, Antioxidants, Pharmaceutical Companies, Business, Cytokines, Vitamin C, Immunology, Carotenoids, Glutathione, Inflammation, Oligopeptides, Health Insurance, Protective Agents, Biological Factors, Pediatric Vaccines, Abbott Laboratories, Biological Pigments, Drugs and Therapies.

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