University of Michigan Medical School Researcher Provides New Insights into Radius Fracture (Medicare Eligibility and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Operative Fixation for Distal Radius Fracture): Radius Fracture

2024 JAN 16 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health Policy and Law Daily -- Investigators discuss new findings in radius fracture. According to news originating from the University of Michigan Medical School by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “Importance: Medicare provides near-universal health insurance to US residents aged 65 years or older. How eligibility for Medicare coverage affects racial and ethnic disparities in operative management after orthopedic trauma is poorly understood. To assess the association of Medicare eligibility with racial and ethnic disparities in open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) after distal radius fracture (DRF).”

Our news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from University of Michigan Medical School: “Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study with a regression discontinuity design obtained data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project all-payer statewide databases for Florida, Maryland, and New York. These databases contain encounter-level data and unique patient identifiers for longitudinal follow-up across emergency departments, outpatient surgical centers, and hospitals. The cohort included patients aged 57 to 72 years who sustained DRFs between January 1, 2016, and November 30, 2019. Data analysis was performed between March 1 and October 15, 2023. Exposure: Eligibility for Medicare coverage at age 65 years. Main Outcomes and Measures: Type of management for DRF (closed treatment, external fixation, percutaneous pinning, and ORIF). Time to surgery was ascertained in patients undergoing ORIF. Multivariable logistic regression and regression discontinuity design were used to compare racial and ethnic disparities in patients who underwent ORIF before or after age 65 years. A total of 26 874 patients with DRF were included (mean [SD] age, 64.6 [4.6] years; 22 359 were females [83.2%]). Of these patients, 2805 were Hispanic or Latino (10.4%; hereafter, Hispanic), 1492 were non-Hispanic Black (5.6%; hereafter, Black), and 20 548 were non-Hispanic White (76.5%; hereafter, White) and 2029 (7.6%) were individuals of other races and ethnicities (including Asian or Pacific Islander, Native American, and other races). Overall, 32.6% of patients received ORIF but significantly lower use was observed in Black (20.2% vs 35.4%; P < .001) and Hispanic (25.8% vs 35.4%; P < .001) patients compared with White individuals. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed the disparity in ORIF use in Black (odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% CI, 0.50-0.72) and Hispanic patients (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72-0.94) compared with White patients. No significant difference in ORIF use was found among racial and ethnic groups at age 65 years. The expected disparity in ORIF use between White and Black patients at age 65 years without Medicare coverage was 12.6 percentage points; however, the actual disparity was 22.0 percentage points, 9.4 percentage points (95% CI, 0.3-18.4 percentage points) greater than expected, a 75% increase (P = .04).”

According to the news reporters, the research concluded: “In the absence of Medicare coverage, the expected disparity in ORIF use between White and Hispanic patients was 8.3 percentage points, and this result persisted without significant change in the presence of Medicare coverage. Conclusions and Relevance: Results of this study showed that surgical management for DRF was popular in adults aged 57 to 72 years, but there was lower ORIF use in racial or ethnic minority patients. Medicare eligibility at age 65 years did not attenuate race and ethnicity-based disparities in surgical management of DRFs.”

For more information on this research see: Medicare Eligibility and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Operative Fixation for Distal Radius Fracture. JAMA Network Open, 2023,6(12). (JAMA Network Open - https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen). The publisher for JAMA Network Open is American Medical Association (AMA).

A free version of this journal article is available at https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49621.

Our news editors report that more information may be obtained by contacting Alexander N. Khouri, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor. Additional authors for this research include Trista M. Benitez, Zhongzhe Ouyang, Joseph N. Fahmy, Lu Wang, Kevin C. Chung.

(Our reports deliver fact-based news of research and discoveries from around the world.)