FOXO TECHNOLOGIES INC. – 10-K – Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
References to "FOXO" the "Company," "us," "our" or "we" refer toFOXO Technologies Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The following discussion and analysis summarizes the significant factors affecting the consolidated operating results, financial condition, liquidity, capital resources and cash flows of our Company as of and for the periods presented below. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included under "Item 8. Financial Statements" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the "Report"). Dollar amounts are in thousands, unless otherwise noted. Overview
FOXO seeks to modernize the life insurance industry through the application of longevity and epigenetic science. With our insurance partners, we will endeavor to improve and optimize human health span and lifespan through unique and dynamic product offerings tailored to insurance underwriters and consumers. The convergence of two cutting-edge technologies: DNA sequencing and automated machine learning, has created what we believe is an unprecedented opportunity to reinvent the life insurance industry through modern molecular biotechnology. DNA sequencing advances now allow for the cost-effective collection of genomic and epigenomic data, while automated machine learning can identify sophisticated patterns within this data, as well as phenotypic data. These patterns are known as epigenetic signatures and will provide valuable insights to insurers that will inform their underwriting and product development. 34 By harnessing the power of epigenetic science, we believe we can revolutionize how life insurance companies sell and underwrite their products. Our insights into consumers' health and lifestyle choices will help insurers tailor their offerings to meet their clients' needs and provide insurers with data to plan for their client's future financial needs. We have two core product offerings: the "Underwriting Report," and the "Longevity Report™." The Underwriting Report allows us to leverage a single assay testing process to generate a panel of impairment scores that can be applied by life insurance underwriters to more accurately assess clients during the underwriting process and provide a more personalized risk assessment. The Longevity Report is a consumer-facing companion product that provides actionable insights to consumers based on their biological age and other epigenetic measures of health and wellness. It can also be sold separately. We believe the combination of these two reports provides a valuable win for our insurance carrier partners as well as their customers.FOXO is operationalizing a sales and distribution platform focused on recruiting independent life insurance agents to sell life insurance with our Longevity Report.FOXO currently markets and sells life insurance products underwritten and issued by third-party carriers through distribution relationships. This distribution model (the "MGA Model") allowsFOXO to appoint sales agents and producers to sell insurance products for specific carriers and earn commissions on subsequent policy sales. Depending on the terms of the agreement betweenFOXO and the carrier FOXO MGA, the Longevity Report may be included at the time of the policy purchase at no charge or may be available at an additional cost to the consumer. We believe the Longevity Report will make longevity science a core aspect to the relationship between life insurance and consumers. The life insurance industry is ripe for disruption by a new underwriting protocol. Historically, when a single carrier has adopted even a single new underwriting test, others tend to follow quickly. Some examples include prescription data, smoking tests, and specimen samples. If other insurance companies do not follow quickly, they may suffer from adverse selection, and get a disproportionate number of mispriced risks.FOXO intends to leverage the combination of the Underwriting Report and the Longevity Report to revolutionize the life insurance sales and underwriting experience to the betterment of consumers and carriers alike. Business Trends
? Life Insurance Demand. According to the 2021 Insurance Barometer Study, there
are significant increases in consumer interest and demand for life insurance,
with nearly one-third (31%) of consumers surveyed reporting COVID-19 has made
them more likely to purchase life insurance in the next 12 months. In
addition, the study reported the first sales gains in life insurance since
1983 and described that 22% of Americans (29 million consumers) owning life
insurance believe they need more coverage and 59% of Americans (73 million
consumers) without life insurance say they would like to acquire coverage.
That means 102 million Americans say they either need life insurance coverage
or want more of it. The study identified Millennials (ages 22-40) as the
demographic most influenced by the pandemic, with 48% surveyed saying they
plan to purchase coverage in the next year. Thus, despite the record-low
household ownership of life insurance, the 2021 Insurance Barometer Study
indicated Americans' intent to purchase life insurance is at an all-time high.
? Product Innovation. As life insurance carriers and distributors look to engage
consumers' renewed interest in life insurance coverage, industry analysts
suggest that life insurance can succeed by adopting technology to
(i) personalize every aspect of the consumer experience, transition from a
traditional "assess and service" model toward a customer-centric "prescribe
and prevent" model of health management; and (ii) develop innovative product
solutions that place emphasis on product flexibility and innovation, including
value-added services and nonmonetary benefits to attract consumers. Other
analysts point to the need to reduce sales friction for both consumers and
agents that stems from long underwriting timelines as a result of invasive
blood and urine specimen collection. Segments
We manage and classify our business into two reportable business segments:
(i)FOXO Labs
FOXO Labs is commercializing proprietary epigenetic biomarker technology to be used for mortality underwriting risk classification in the global life insurance industry. Our innovative biomarker technology enables the adoption of new saliva-based health and wellness biomarker solutions for underwriting and risk assessment. Our research demonstrates that epigenetic biomarkers, collected from saliva, provide measures of individual health and wellness factors used in life insurance underwriting traditionally obtained through blood and urine specimens.FOXO Labs anticipates recognizing revenue related to sales of the Underwriting Report and Longevity Report. 35FOXO Labs currently recognizes revenue from providing epigenetic testing services and collecting a royalty from Illumina, Inc. related to the sales of the Infinium Mouse Methylation Array. The Company's saliva-based health and wellness testing solutions for underwriting and risk classification are expected to be its largest source of revenue.FOXO Labs conducts research and development and such costs are recorded within research and development expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. (ii) FOXO Life FOXO Life is redefining the relationship between consumers and insurer by combining life insurance with healthy longevity. FOXO Life seeks to transform the value proposition of the life insurance carrier from a provider of mortality risk protection products to a promoter of its customers' health and wellness. The distribution of insurance products withFOXO's Longevity Report strives to provide life insurance consumers with valuable information and insights about their individual health and wellness. FOXO Life currently has residual commission revenues from its legacy insurance agency business. FOXO Life has begun receiving insurance commission from the distribution and sale of life insurance policies based on the size and type of policies sold to customers. FOXO Life costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.
Acquisition of Insurance Entity
We completed our acquisition ofMemorial Insurance Company of America ("MICOA") onAugust 20, 2021 . Purchase consideration for the acquisition of MICOA totaled$1,155 , which included an indefinite-lived insurance license intangible asset recorded at a fair value of$63 and cash of$1,092 . We fair valued reinsurance recoverables and policy reserves as part of the acquisition. The existing statutory capital and surplus remains with us post-acquisition. The approval by theArkansas Insurance Department requires us to maintain statutory capital and surplus of no less than$5,000 and a risk-based capital ratio of 301% or greater in the regulated insurance entity. MICOA has been renamedFOXO Life Insurance Company . As part of the transaction and while our subsidiary, the former owners of MICOA administer and 100% reinsure all policies outstanding as of the acquisition date.FOXO Life Insurance Company has not issued any new insurance policies since the acquisition and all premiums, reinsurance recoverables, and policy reserves relate to the 100% reinsured business. Additionally, as part of the transaction and while our subsidiaryFOXO Life Insurance Company remains liable only in the event the reinsuring company is unable to meet its obligations
under the reinsurance agreement.
statements in accordance with statutory accounting practices prescribed or
permitted by the
Insurance Company
statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
OnFebruary 3, 2023 , we consummated the sale ofFOXO Life Insurance Company to Security National pursuant to the Security National Merger Agreement. After the Merger Consideration and Security National's third party expenses, the transaction resulted in the Company gaining access to$4,751 that was previously held as statutory capital and surplus pursuant to the Arkansas Code. For additional information concerningFOXO Life Insurance Company operations, see "Recent Developments -FOXO Life Insurance Company " below.
Comparability of Financial Results
On
Merger Agreement. Immediately upon the Closing, the name of the combined company
was changed to
LegacyFOXO was determined to be the accounting acquirer in the Business Combination. Accordingly, the acquisition of Legacy FOXO by the Company was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization. Under this method of accounting, the Company was treated as the acquiree for financial reporting purposes. The net assets of the Company were stated at their historical cost, with no goodwill or other separately identifiable intangible assets recorded. The balance sheet, results of operations and cash flows prior to the Business Combination are
those
of Legacy FOXO.
36
Simultaneously with the execution of the Merger Agreement, Delwinds entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the "ELOC Agreement") withCF Principal Investments LLC (the "Cantor Investor"), pursuant to which, assuming satisfaction of certain conditions and subject to limitations set forth in the ELOC Agreement, the Company would have the right, from time to time to sell the Cantor Investor up to$40,000 in shares of the Company's Class A common stock (the "Class A Common Stock") until the first day of the next month following the 36-month anniversary of when theSEC has declared effective a registration statement covering the resale of such shares of Class A Common Stock or until the date on which the facility has been fully utilized, if earlier. OnNovember 8, 2022 , the Company and Cantor mutually terminated the ELOC Agreement. Upon the termination of the ELOC Agreement, the related Registration Rights Agreement, dated as ofFebruary 24, 2022 (the "Registration Rights Agreement"), by and between the Company and Cantor was automatically terminated in accordance with its terms. In accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement, at Closing, the Company (i) acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding Legacy FOXO Class A common stock (the "FOXO Class A Common Stock") in exchange for equity consideration in the form of the Company's Class A Common Stock, (ii) acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of Legacy FOXO Class B common stock (the "FOXO ClassB Common Stock") in exchange for equity consideration in the form of the Company's Class A Common Stock.
Immediately prior to the Closing, the following transactions occurred:
? 8,000,000 shares of Legacy FOXO Series A preferred stock (the "FOXO Preferred
Stock") were exchanged for 8,000,000 shares of FOXO Class A Common Stock.
? The 2021 Bridge Debentures in the principal amount, together with accrued and
unpaid interest, of
A Common Stock.
? The holders of the 2022 Bridge Debentures in the principal amount, together
with accrued and unpaid interest, of
shares of FOXO Class A Common Stock. As a result of and upon the Closing, among other things, (1) all outstanding shares of FOXO Class A Common Stock (after giving effect to the conversion of the FOXO Preferred Stock into shares of FOXO Class A Common Stock) andFOXO Class B Common Stock were converted into 15,518,705 shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock, (2) allFOXO options andFOXO warrants outstanding immediately before the Closing ("Assumed Options" and "Assumed Warrants", as applicable) were assumed and converted, subject to adjustment pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, into options and warrants, respectively, of the Company, exercisable for share of the Company's Class A Common Stock and (3) other than the Assumed Options and Assumed Warrants, all other convertible securities and other rights to purchase capital stock Legacy FOXO were retired and terminated, if they were not converted, exchanged or exercised for LegacyFOXO stock immediately prior the Closing. Recent DevelopmentsFOXO Life Insurance Company In connection with the Business Combination, we submitted various filings with theArkansas Insurance Department (the "Department") to ensure compliance withArkansas insurance laws. After review and analysis of the relevant documentation and meetings with us, onSeptember 9, 2022 , the Department advised us that it concluded that the Business Combination did not require approval from the Department given that there was no change in the ultimate controlling party. Due to market conditions, our capitalization following the Business Combination did not materialize in the way the Company anticipated, and we do not currently possess the funding that we believe would be required to satisfy state regulations and regulatory bodies to issue new life insurance policies throughFOXO Life Insurance Company . As such, we have not moved forward with the launch ofFOXO Life Insurance Company . The outstanding policies issued byFOXO Life Insurance Company prior to our acquisition of the entity will continue to be administered and reinsured by the former owners of MICOA (as defined below). We intend to focus on selling products issued by third-party carriers through
our MGA Model. OnJanuary 10, 2023 , we entered into a merger agreement (the "Security National Merger Agreement") withSecurity National Life Insurance Company , aUtah corporation (the "Security National"),FOXO Life, LLC , aDelaware limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company ("FOXO Life"), andFOXO Life Insurance Company (fkaMemorial Insurance Company of America ("MICOA")), anArkansas corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Seller, pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions of the Security National Merger Agreement, the Company agreed to sellFOXO Life Insurance Company to Security National. Specifically, pursuant to the Security National Merger Agreement,FOXO Life Insurance Company merged with and into the Security National, with Security National continuing as the surviving corporation. OnFebruary 3, 2023 (the "Closing Date"), we consummated the sale ofFOXO Life Insurance Company to Security National pursuant to the Security National Merger Agreement. As a result of the merger, the Company is no longer required to hold cash and cash equivalents required to be held as statutory capital and surplus, as required under the Arkansas Insurance Code (the "Arkansas Code"). At the closing, all ofFOXO Life Insurance's shares were cancelled and retired and ceased to exist in exchange of an amount equal toFOXO Life Insurance's statutory capital and surplus amount of$5,002 as of the Closing Date, minus$200 (the "Merger Consideration"). 37 After the Merger Consideration and Security National's third party expenses, the transaction resulted in the Company gaining access to$4,751 that was previously held as statutory capital and surplus pursuant to the Arkansas Code. The Company maintains both theFOXO Life and FOXO Labs segments after the sale ofFOXO Life Insurance . The Company previously indicated in its quarterly report on Form10-Q for the quarterly period endedSeptember 30, 2022 , that due to market conditions, our capitalization following the Business Combination did not materialize in the way the Company anticipated, and we did not currently possess the funding that we believe would be required to satisfy state regulations and regulatory bodies to issue new life insurance policies throughFOXO Life Insurance Company . As such, we did not move forward with the launch ofFOXO Life Insurance Company and sold the entity to enhance stockholder value. The outstanding policies issued byFOXO Life Insurance Company were previously administered and reinsured by the former owners who once again own the entity and will continue to administer the policies. We intend to focus on selling products issued by third-party carriers through our MGA Model and FOXO Life segment. Accordingly, the sale formalizes that we will not issue any policies throughFOXO Life Insurance Company . OurFOXO Labs segment continues to work on commercializing our epigenetic biomarker technology for underwriting risk classification.
Memorandum Regarding Assumed Warrants and PIK Note
The Company distributed a memorandum (the "Memorandum") onMarch 10, 2023 to (i) the holders of the Company's Assumed Warrants and (ii) the holders of certain 15% Senior Promissory Notes issued by the Company (the "PIK Notes"). The Memorandum explains that the Company is contemplating an exchange offer (the "Exchange Offer") that would give the holders of the Assumed Warrants the opportunity to exchange such Assumed Warrants for shares of our Class A Common Stock at a rate of 4.83 shares for each Assumed Warrant (the "Exchange Ratio"). In addition, in connection with the proposed Exchange Offer, the Company will also seek to solicit consents from the holders of the Assumed Warrants to amend the Assumed Warrants in accordance with their terms to, among other things, ensure that the issuance of shares of Common Stock in connection with the PIK Note Amendments (as defined below) do not trigger an anti-dilution adjustment (collectively, the "Warrant Amendments"). The Memorandum also explains that the Company will seek to solicit consents from the holders of the PIK Notes to amend the PIK Notes (the "Offer to Amend") to permit the Company to raise up to$5,000 in a private placement of debt or equity without being required to repay in full the PIK Notes and raise up to$20,000 , subject to certain requirements (collectively, the "PIK Note Amendments"). In exchange for the PIK Note Amendments, the Company would issue to each holder 1.25 shares of Class A Common Stock for every$1.00 of the original principal amount of their respective PIK Note. The Memorandum adds that the Company will register for resale with theSEC any shares of Class A Common Stock issued in exchange for the Assumed Warrants or in connection with the approval of the PIK Note Amendments promptly following the issuance of such
shares of Common Stock. Non-GAAP Financial Measures To supplement our financial information presented in accordance withU.S. GAAP, management periodically uses certain "non-GAAP financial measures," as such term is defined under the rules of theSEC , to clarify and enhance understanding of past performance and prospects for the future. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company's operating performance, financial position or cash flows that excludes or includes amounts that are included in or excluded from the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance withU.S. GAAP. For example, non-GAAP measures may exclude the impact of certain items such as acquisitions, divestitures, gains, losses and impairments, or items outside of management's control. Management believes that the following non-GAAP financial measure provides investors and analysts useful insight into our financial position and operating performance. Any non-GAAP measure provided should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative to, the most directly comparable measure determined in accordance withU.S. GAAP. Further, the calculation of these non-GAAP financial measures may differ from the calculation of similarly titled financial measures presented by other companies and therefore may not be comparable among companies. Adjusted EBITDA provides additional insight into our underlying, ongoing operating performance and facilitates period-to-period comparisons by excluding the earnings impact of interest, tax, depreciation and amortization, investment impairment, non-cash change in fair value of convertible debentures, and equity-based compensation. Management believes that presenting Adjusted EBITDA is more representative of our operational performance and may be more useful for investors. Adjusted EBITDA along with a reconciliation to net loss is shown in Other Operating Data within the Results of Operations below. 38 Results of Operations Upon closing of the Business Combination, we changed our name toFOXO Technologies Inc. Results of operations included within this Report pertaining to periods ending prior to the Closing of the Business Combination onSeptember 15, 2022 are those of Legacy FOXO.
Years Ended
Change in Change in
(Dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 $ %
Total revenue $ 511 $ 120 $ 391 326 %
Cost of sales 344 - 344 N/A %
Gross profit 167 120 47 39 %
Operating expenses:
Research and development 3,047 4,879 (1,832 ) (38 )%
Management contingent share plan 10,091 - 10,091 N/A % Selling, general and administrative 27,196 10,272
16,924 165 % Total operating expenses 40,334 15,151 25,183 166 % Loss from operations (40,167 ) (15,031 ) (25,136 ) 167 % Non-cash change in fair value of convertible debentures (28,180 ) (21,703 ) (6,477 ) 30 % Change in fair value of warrant liability 2,076 - 2,076 N/A % Forward purchase agreement expense (27,337 ) - (27,337 ) N/A % Other non-operating expenses (1,647 ) (1,754 ) 107 (6 )% Total non-operating expense (55,088 ) (23,457 ) (31,631 ) 135 % Net loss$ (95,255 ) $ (38,488 ) $ (56,767 ) 147 % Revenues. Total revenues were$511 for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , compared to$120 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . During the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , the Company recognized$400 of revenue related to epigenetic biomarker services that did occur in the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . This increase was offset by a combined$9 decrease in life insurance commissions earned and epigenetic biomarker royalties because we ceased placing policies from our legacy agency business and had a reduction of the royalty rate on Illumina, Inc.'s license to manufacture and sell Infinium Mouse Methylation Arrays using our epigenetic research . Research and Development. Research and development expenses were$3,047 for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , compared to$4,879 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . The decrease of$1,832 , or 38%, was driven by$3,310 of expenses incurred during the year endedDecember 31, 2021 , related toHarvard University's Brigham and Women's Hospital Physicians' Health Study ("PHS") that were insignificant in the comparable period. This included three milestone payments totaling$926 thousand , required at commencement, upon transfer of clinical data, and upon the receipt of human materials used in the study, respectively. There are no additional milestone payments due for PHS. The remaining expenses related to supplies and data processing to obtain epigenetic data. PHS is currently in a data organizing and analysis phase. As such, the Company does not expect to incur additional material expenses related to PHS afterDecember 31, 2022 . This decrease was partially offset by$696 of incremental research and development costs associated with a clinical trial agreement withThe Brigham and Women's Hospital, Inc. ("VECTOR"), the majority of which related to a payment at contract inception. The research study associated with this arrangement is on hold. Additional employee-related expenses incurred during the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , also partially offset the decrease in research and development expenses over the comparison period. Management Contingent Share Plan. Management contingent share plan expenses were$10,091 for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , as a result of issuing awards as part of the Business Combination. We began recognizing expense related to the performance condition for entering into a commercial research collaboration agreement.$8,695 of the expense recognized on the Management Contingent Share Plan relates to the service-based conditions that no longer applied to the former CEO and is subject to forfeiture pending conclusion of theBoard of Director's review. As ofDecember 31, 2022 , the Board of Directors was in process of reviewing whether our former Chief Executive Officer,Jon Sabes , was terminated with or without cause. Accordingly, we have yet to make a determination on our obligations to the former Chief Executive Officer. We have recognized expenses related to his management contingent share plan per the terms of that arrangement while the matter remains under review. Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses were$27,196 for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 compared to$10,272 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . The increase of$16,924 , or 165%, was primarily due to (i)$6,654 of equity-based compensation costs associated with the Consulting Agreement, Cantor Commitment Fee, and vendor shares in the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , (ii)$1,283 of amortization expense that began when assets were placed in service in the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , and (iii)$1,370 of impairment charges in the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , related to the health study tool and insurance license. The remaining increase of$7,617 was incurred to support business growth and the implementation of our business plan, primarily related to employee-related expenses, insurance expenses, as well as incremental professional services incurred in connection with the Business
Combinations.
39
Non-Cash Change in Fair Value of Convertible Debentures. The non-cash change in
fair value of convertible debentures was $28,180 for the year ended December 31,
2022 , compared to $21,703 for the year ended December 31, 2021 . We elected the
fair value option to account for the 2021 Bridge Debentures and 2022 Bridge
Debentures. The increase in fair value for the year ended December 31, 2021 , was
the result of the increased likelihood of voluntary or mandatory conversion at
OIP, which represents a favorable result to holders of the debentures. The
change for the year ended December 31, 2022 , also reflected the increase in fair
value associated with incurring additional debt.
Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities. The change in fair value of warrant
liabilities was $2,076 during the year ended December 31, 2022 as a result of a
reduction in the fair value of derivative warrant liabilities assumed as part of
the Business Combination.
Forward Purchase Agreement Expense. The forward purchase agreement expense was$27,337 during the year endedDecember 31, 2022 due to the forward purchase agreement entered into as part of the Business Combination and the decline in our stock price. The expense primarily relates to the cancellation of the agreement, amounts released from escrow to the counterparty as a result of open market sales, and settling the collateral liability. Other Expense. We recognized other expense of$1,647 for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 compared to$1,754 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . This decrease was the result of a$400 investment impairment in the year endedDecember 31, 2021 that was partially offset by incremental contractual interest expense incurred in the year endedDecember 31, 2022 in connection with the 2021 Bridge Amendment.
Net Loss. Net loss was$95,255 for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , which reflects an increase of$56,767 or 147% over the$38,488 net loss in the prior year comparable period. This increase was primarily due to increases in non-cash change in fair value of convertible debentures, increases in selling, general and administrative expenses, and incurring forward purchase agreement expenses. Analysis of Segment Results: The following is an analysis of our results by reportable segment for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 compared to the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . The primary income measure used for assessing reportable segment performance is earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, and equity-based compensation. Segment Earnings by reportable segment also excludes corporate and other costs, including management, IT, and overhead costs. For further information regarding our reportable business segments, please refer to our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere
in this annual report.FOXO Labs Change in Change (Dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 $ in % Total revenue$ 483 $ 85 $ 398 468 %
Research and development expenses 3,252 4,875 (1,623 )
(33 )% Segment Earnings$ (2,769 ) $ (4,790 ) $ 2,021 (42 )%
Revenues. Total revenues were$483 and$85 for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. For the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , the Company recognized$400 of revenue related to epigenetic biomarker services with the remaining revenue in both periods from earned royalties on Illumina, Inc.'s license to manufacture and sell Infinium Mouse Methylation Arrays using our epigenetic research. Segment Earnings. Segment Earnings increased from ($4,790 ) for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 to ($2,769 ) for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 . The increase of$2,021 was driven by$3,310 of expenses incurred during the year endedDecember 31, 2021 related to PHS that were insignificant in the 2022 comparable period. This decrease was partially offset by$696 of incremental research and development costs associated with VECTOR, the majority of which related to a payment at contract inception. The research study associated with this arrangement is on hold. Additional employee-related expenses incurred during the year endedDecember 31, 2022 also partially offset the decrease in research and development expenses over the comparison period. 40 FOXO Life Change in Change in
(Dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 $ % Total revenue$ 28 $ 35 $ (7 ) (20 )% Selling, general and administrative expenses 3,763 2,416
1,347 56 % Segment Earnings$ (3,735 ) $ (2,381 ) $ (1,354 ) 57 % Revenues. Total revenues were$28 for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 compared to$35 for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . The decrease was due to reduced life insurance commissions earned as we ceased placing policies from our legacy agency business. Segment Earnings. Segment Earnings decreased from ($2,381 ) for the year endedDecember 31, 2021 to ($3,735 ) for the year endedDecember 31, 2022 . The decrease of ($1,354 ) was primarily due to incremental employee-related expenses and
costs for professional services. Other Operating Data: We use Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA does not represent and should not be considered an alternative to net income as determined byU.S. GAAP, and our calculations thereof may not be comparable to those reported by other companies. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is an important measure of operating performance and provides useful information to investors because it highlights trends in our business that may not otherwise be apparent when relying solely onU.S. GAAP measures and because it eliminates items that have less bearing on our operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA, as presented herein, is a supplemental measure of our performance that is not required by, or presented in accordance with,U.S. GAAP. We use non-GAAP financial measures as supplements to ourU.S. GAAP results in order to provide a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting our business. Adjusted EBITDA is a measure of operating performance that is not defined byU.S. GAAP and should not be considered a substitute for net (loss) income as determined in accordance withU.S. GAAP. We reconcile our non-GAAP financial measure to our net loss, which is its most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance withU.S. GAAP. Our management uses Adjusted EBITDA as a financial measure to evaluate the profitability and efficiency of our business model. Adjusted EBITDA is not presented in accordance withU.S. GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA includes adjustments for provision for income taxes, as applicable, interest income and expense, depreciation and amortization, equity-based compensation, and certain other infrequent and/or unpredictable non-cash charges or benefits, such as impairment, changes in fair value of convertible debentures, changes in fair value of warrant liabilities, and expenses related to the forward purchase
agreement.
For the year ended
December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) 2022 2021
Net loss $ (95,255 ) $ (38,488 )
Add: Depreciation and amortization 1,487
98
Add: Interest expense 1,440
1,118
Add: Equity-based compensation (1) 17,689
131
Add: Non-cash change in fair value of convertible debentures 28,180
21,703
Add: Change in fair value of warrant liability (2,076 )
-
Add: Impairment charges (2) 1,370
400
Add: Forward purchase agreement expense 27,337
- Adjusted EBITDA$ (19,828 ) $ (15,038 )
(1) Includes expense recognized related to the shares issued to the Consultant,
vendor shares, and for the Cantor Commitment Fee. See Notes 6 and 7 of the
consolidated financial statements.
(2) Includes impairment for the health study tool, insurance license and
investment impairment. See Notes 3 and 4 of the consolidated financial
statements.
41
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources of Liquidity and Capital
We had cash and cash equivalents of$5,515 and$6,856 as ofDecember 31, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , respectively. We have incurred net losses since our inception. For the year endedDecember 31, 2022 and 2021, we incurred net losses of$95,255 and$38,488 , respectively. We had an accumulated deficit of$147,231 and$51,976 , respectively, as ofDecember 31, 2022 , andDecember 31, 2021 . We have generated limited revenue to date and expect to incur additional losses in future periods. As part of the Business Combination, we entered into a Forward Purchase Agreement and ELOC Agreement to fund our business; however, these agreements have since been terminated as a result of the performance of our stock. The Business Combination ultimately resulted in a significant number of redemptions limiting our proceeds. Additionally, we are unlikely to receive proceeds from the exercise of outstanding Warrants as a result of the difference between our current trading price of our Class A Common Stock and the exercise price of the various Warrants, as further discussed below. Our current revenue is not adequate to fund our operations in the next twelve months, as further described under "Liquidity Update" below, and requires us to fund our business through other avenues until the time we achieve adequate scale. Securing additional capital is necessary to execute on our business strategy.
FOXO Life Insurance Company Sale
As discussed above under "Recent Developments -FOXO Life Insurance Company ," we consummated the sale ofFOXO Life Insurance Company to Security National pursuant to the Security National Merger Agreement. After the Merger Consideration and Security National's third party expenses, the transaction resulted in the Company gaining access to$4,751 that was previously held as statutory capital and surplus pursuant to the Arkansas Code. Prior Financings
Prior to the closing of the Business Combination, we financed our business through a combination of equity and debt, consisting of proceeds from a subscription receivable and proceeds from convertible debenture offerings. The subscription receivable initially totaled$20,000 , with the last installment being received during the third quarter of 2021. During the first quarter of 2021, we entered into separate securities purchase agreements with the 2021Bridge Investors , pursuant to which we issued convertible debentures for$11,812 in aggregate principal. After an original issue discount of 12.5% we received cash proceeds of$10,500 for this issuance. Additionally, we incurred an incremental$888 of fees and expenses related to the offering. The 2021 Bridge Debentures were issued in three tranches, onJanuary 25, 2021 ,February 23, 2021 , andMarch 4, 2021 . Additionally, during the first quarter of 2022, we entered into separate securities purchase agreements with the 2022Bridge Investors , pursuant to which we issued the 2022 Bridge Debentures for$24,750 in aggregate principal. After an original issue discount of 10.0% we received cash proceeds of$22,500 for this issuance. In the second quarter of 2022, we issued additional 2022 Bridge Debentures pursuant to which we raised an additional$5,500 in cash proceeds or$6,050 in aggregate principal amount under the same terms as the issuance of the 2022 Bridge Debentures in the first quarter of 2022, resulting in total cash proceeds of$28,000 from the issuance of the 2022 Bridge Debentures. Immediately prior to the Closing, the 2021 Bridge Debentures and 2022 Bridge Debentures were converted into 6,759,642 and 7,810,509, respectively, shares of FOXO Class A Common Stock and were subsequently exchanged for shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock at the Closing of the Business Combination. During the third quarter of 2022, we entered into separate securities purchase agreements pursuant to which we issued our SeniorPIK Notes in the aggregate principal of$3,458 . We received net proceeds of$2,918 , after deducting fees and expenses of$540 . Going Concern
Our primary uses of cash are to fund our operations as we continue to grow our
business. We expect to continue to incur operating losses in the near term to
support the growth of our business. Capital expenditures have historically not
been material to our consolidated operations, and we do not anticipate making
material capital expenditures in 2022 or beyond. We expect that our liquidity
requirements will continue to consist of working capital and general corporate
expenses associated with the growth of our business. Based on our current
planned operations, we expect to address our liquidity needs through the pursuit
of additional funding through a combination of equity or debt financings to
enable us to fund our operations for at least 12 months from the date hereof.
42
We expect proceeds from theFOXO Life Insurance Company sale to contribute in funding our operations untilJune 2023 . In the event we are unable to secure financing by that time, we may be forced to sell the company, suspend our operations, and possibly even liquidate our assets and wind-up and dissolve our Company. As such, until additional equity or debt capital is secured and the Company begins generating sufficient revenue, there is substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. We have based our estimates as to how long we expect we will be able to fund our operations on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect, in which case we would be required to obtain additional financing sooner than currently projected, which may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy. We may raise additional capital through equity offerings, debt financings or other capital sources. If we do raise additional capital through public or private equity offerings, or convertible debt offerings, the ownership interest of our existing stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely impact our existing stockholders' rights. If we raise additional capital through debt financing, we may be subject to covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take certain actions. As discussed above under "Recent Developments - Memorandum Regarding Assumed Warrants and PIK Note" the Company is pursuing amendments to existing agreements to help it raise additional capital. Liquidity Update In connection with the evaluation of the Business Combination, our management prepared and provided to our Board of Directors and Delwinds' financial advisor unaudited prospective financial information, which included projected revenues for fiscal year 2022 of$2,000 . The prospective financial information was prepared using a number of assumptions, including assumptions with respect to general business, economic, market, regulatory and financial conditions and various other factors, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyondFOXO's control. Based on the$511 of revenue recognized during the year endedDecember 31, 2022 , we had substantially less revenue than previously anticipated. The significant reduction in revenue is due to several factors including but not limited to (i) the Business Combination taking longer than expected to consummate, which was not considered when the forecast was originally prepared, (ii) the updates to the business strategy to focus on the MGA Model as opposed to starting to sell policies throughFOXO Life Insurance Company requiring us to adjust our operations and resulting in zero revenue from the sale of policies throughFOXO Life Insurance Company , (iii) the royalties earned from our mouse methylation biomarker royalties being lower than forecast as a result of lower sales than expected and as a result of a reduced royalty rate in exchange for releasing us from a purchase commitment and (iv) the Company's continued focus on capital raising initiatives. As previously discussed, the sale ofFOXO Life Insurance Company improved our liquidity by giving us access to$4,751 that was previously subject to statutory capital
and surplus requirements. Cash Flows
Years Ended
The following table summarizes our cash flow data for the years ended
31, 2022
Cash Provided by / (Used in)
Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021
Operating Activities $ (23,760 ) $ (15,055 )
Investing Activities $ (1,870 ) $ (355 )
Financing Activities $ 24,289 $ 14,143
Operating Activities
Net cash used for operating activities in the year endedDecember 31, 2022 was$23,760 compared to$15,055 in the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . Operating cash flow decreased$8,705 , or 58%, from the year endedDecember 31, 2021 to the year endedDecember 31, 2022 . The decrease was the result of an increased net loss, primarily driven by non-cash items, as well as increased working capital. Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities in the year endedDecember 31, 2022 was$1,870 compared to$355 in the year endedDecember 31, 2021 . This investing cash flow decrease of$1,515 was due to incremental costs incurred to develop internal use software, partially offset by a decrease in investments made.
43
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2022
was $24,289 compared to $14,143 in the year ended December 31, 2021 . This
financing cash flow increase was the result of higher debt proceeds of $28,000
from the 2022 Bridge Debentures and $2,918 net proceeds from the Senior PIK
Notes compared to $10,500 from the 2021 Bridge Debentures. This was partially
offset by reduced proceeds received on our Subscription Receivable during the
year ended December 31, 2021 , warrant repurchases and the series of transactions
associated with the Business Combination.
Off-Balance Sheet Financing Arrangements
We have no obligations, assets or liabilities which would be considered
off-balance sheet arrangements. We do not participate in transactions that
create relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships,
often referred to as variable interest entities, which would have been
established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements.
We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financing arrangements,
established any special purpose entities, guaranteed any debt or commitments of
other entities, or entered into any non-financial assets.
Contractual Obligations
Our contractual obligations as of
Amounts Due by Period
Less than More than
(Dollars in thousands) 1 Year (d) 1 - 3 years 3 - 5 years 5 years Total (e)
License agreements (a) $ 25 80 80 - $ 185
Research agreements (b) 13 - - - 13
Senior PIK Notes (c) - 3,588 - - 3,588
Vendor commitments (d) 146 - - - 146
Total $ 184 3,668 80 - $ 3,932
(a) License agreements remain in place until the licensor's patents expire or are
abandoned. Amounts do not include development milestones that have not been
reached as ofDecember 31, 2022 .
(b) Amounts relate to completing CHOP in the upcoming year. See Note 16 of the
consolidated financial statements.
(c) Represents the principal balance as of
Notes are subject to prepayment penalties and interest is paid through the
issuance of additional Senior
settle the Senior PIK Note will vary depending on when it is settled. See
Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements.
(d) The Company has two vendor commitments comprising the balance shown. See Note
15 of the consolidated financial statements.
(e) Does not include
study. The milestone payments are within the control of the Company and as of
December 31, 2022 the milestones have not been met. See Note 16 of the consolidated financial statements. Critical Accounting Policies The preparation of the consolidated financial statements and related notes included under "Item 8. Financial Statements" and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires the selection of the appropriate accounting principles to be applied and the judgments and assumptions on which to base accounting estimates, which affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheets, the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods, and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances at the time such estimates are made. Actual results and outcomes may differ materially from our estimates, judgments, and assumptions. We periodically review our estimates in light of changes in circumstances, facts, and experience. The effects of material revisions in estimates are reflected in the consolidated financial statements prospectively from the date of the change in estimate. 44 We define our critical accounting policies and estimates as those that require us to make subjective judgments about matters that are uncertain and are likely to have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations as well as the specific manner in which we apply those principles. We believe the critical accounting policies used in the preparation of our financial statements which require significant estimates and judgments are as follows: Equity-Based Compensation Historically, prior to the Business Combination, we offered equity-based compensation to employees and nonemployees in the form of stock options and restricted stock. We measure and recognize all equity-based payments to employees, service providers and board members at fair value. The cost of services received from employees and non-employees in exchange for awards of equity instruments is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations based on the estimated fair value of those awards on the grant date or reporting date, if required to be remeasured, and amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We recognize forfeitures as incurred. We utilize a Black-Scholes valuation model to estimate the fair value of stock options and this model requires the input of assumptions, including the exercise price, volatility, expected term, discount rate, and the fair value of the underlying membership or stock on the date of grant. These inputs are provided at the grant date for an equity classified award and each measurement date for a liability classified award. Equity-based compensation awards are considered granted (i) when there is a mutual understanding of key terms, (ii) we are contingently obligated to issue the options, and (iii) the option holder begins to benefit or be adversely impacted by changes in our stock price. This primarily occurs at the time the stock option agreements are executed. Our option pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the fair value of the underlying units or stock, the expected term of the equity-based award, the expected volatility of the price of our common units or stock, risk-free interest rates, and the expected dividend yield of our common units or stock. The assumptions used in our option pricing model represent management's best estimates. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management's judgment. If factors change and different assumptions are used, our equity-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future.
These assumptions were estimated as follows:
? Fair Value of Our Common Stock: As Legacy FOXO's common stock was not publicly
traded, we estimated the fair value of our common stock, as discussed in the
section "Common Stock Valuations" below.
? Risk-Free Interest Rate: We based the risk-free interest rate used in the
Black-Scholes option pricing model on the implied yield to maturity available
on a
expected term of the stock options.
? Expected Term: We estimated the expected term using the simplified method due
to the lack of historical exercise activity for our common stock. The
simplified method calculates the expected term as the mid-point between the
vesting term and the contractual term of the award.
? Volatility: As Legacy FOXO was a privately held company with no trading history
prior, we estimated the stock price volatility factor by referencing historical
volatilities of comparable peer companies. To determine a set of comparable
peer companies, we considered similar public companies and selected those that
are most similar to us in size, stage of life cycle, and financial leverage. We
intend to continue to apply this process using the same or similar public
companies until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of
our own common stock share price becomes available, or unless circumstances
change such that the identified companies are no longer comparable to our
business, in which case, more suitable companies whose share prices are
publicly available would be utilized in the calculation.
? Dividend yield: We have never declared or paid any cash dividends and do not
presently plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently,
we used an expected dividend yield of zero. Common Stock Valuations Prior to our initial public offeringFOXO Technologies Operating Company's common stock was not publicly traded, the fair value of our equity, which is the basis upon which all of our equity-based compensation awards was measured and recognized, was determined by our board of directors, with input from management and third-party valuation specialists. The third-party valuation specialists apply valuation techniques and methods that conform to generally accepted valuation practices and standards established by theAmerican Society of Appraisers in accordance with Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice. The valuation methodologies and techniques utilized are also consistent with guidance issued by theAmerican Institute of Certified Public Accountants in its Accounting and Valuation Guide, Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation, 2013. The specialists used a variety of both objective and subjective factors, including:
? the nature of our business and its history since inception;
? the prices, rights, preferences, and privileges of our preferred units relative
to those of our common units;
? our stage of development;
? our operating and financial performance and forecast;
? the present value of estimated future cash flows;
? the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event for the shares of common units
underlying the options to purchase common stock, such as an initial public
offering or sale of our company, given prevailing market conditions and the
nature and history of our business;
45
? any adjustment necessary to recognize a lack of marketability for our common
stock;
? the market performance of comparable publicly traded companies; and
? conditions in the
An initial valuation was performed by an independent third-party valuation specialist inNovember 2019 , concurrent with the formation of Legacy FOXO as a limited liability company. In this valuation, the Cost Approach was used to determine enterprise value based on the fair market value of our assets. This approach was utilized given our lack of earnings history and the start-up nature of our business and operations, both of which brought into question our ability to continue as a going concern. At the time of this valuation, the estimated enterprise value was primarily based on the subscription receivable. Another valuation was performed by an independent third-party valuation specialist inNovember 2020 following the corporate conversion of Legacy FOXO and in anticipation of issuing stock options. The valuation was performed using the same methodology, but also considered a liquidation preference for preferred stock calculated using a Black-Scholes valuation model. At the time of this valuation, the majority of the subscription receivable had already been collected, causing a reduction in the estimated enterprise value. The liquidation preference for preferred stock and a discount for lack of marketability also had an adverse impact on valuation, which was determined to be$0.21 per share of common stock. We have historically refreshed enterprise valuations to determine the fair value of our equity-based compensation at grant date for stock options based on the methodologies as described. We conduct performance reviews twice annually following the end of the second and fourth quarter. Our first stock option grant occurred following our biannual review after the fourth quarter of 2020, with the formal grant occurring when the stock option agreements were executed inApril 2021 . At that time, the fair value of our common stock was$0.09 per share. While the preferred stock is outstanding, holders have protection from share issuance at a price below the original issue price ("OIP"). Accordingly, for stock options granted inApril 2021 , the exercise price per option was set at an amount slightly above the anticipated OIP. Stock options granted inApril 2021 comprise the majority of stock options outstanding as ofDecember 31, 2022 . We completed our biannual review following the second quarter of 2021 as we entered into negotiations with Delwinds. At this time, stock options were issued with the same exercise price as theApril 2021 grant. This was determined to be a good faith estimate as a result of the uncertainty of the transaction, prior values of common stock, and the historical investment of our preferred stockholder. As a result of a letter of intent (the "Letter of Intent") to merge with Delwinds, we considered it prudent to have another valuation performed to record equity-based compensation expense in the consolidated financial statements reflective of the updated circumstances surrounding our company. This valuation report was received subsequent to the grant of the stock options but is reflected in the consolidated financial statements for this grant. This valuation report reflected a change in methodology due to the letter of intent related to the Business Combination and development of our Company as a result of the in-process August order to acquire MICOA. This valuation report used a probability weighting of the Market Approach and Income Approach. The Market Approach reflected the offer from Delwinds based on the pre-money valuation ofFOXO plus a Monte Carlo simulation to capture the value from earn-out shares based on exceeding specified per share price targets after closing. The Income Approach utilized a discounted cash flow analysis to provide an estimate of enterprise value based on the present value of anticipated future cash flows. As with prior valuations, a Black-Scholes valuation model was used to value each equity class by creating a series of call options on our equity value, with exercise prices based on the liquidation preferences and participation rights. The non-marketability discount in this valuation report was 20%. Stock options were granted in January and February of 2022 after the completion of our biannual review following the fourth quarter of 2021 based on the valuation discussed above as the circumstances surrounding our common stock remained relatively stable during the timeframe from the valuation report to the option grant. Application of these approaches and methodologies involves the use of estimates, judgment and assumptions that are highly complex and subjective, such as those regarding our expected operations, the selection of comparable public companies, and the probability of and timing associated with possible future events. Changes in any or all of these estimates and assumptions or the relationships between those assumptions impact our valuations as of each valuation date and may have a material impact on the valuation of our common stock. 46
Fair Value of Convertible Debentures
We elected the fair value option to account for the 2021 Bridge Debentures and 2022 Bridge Debentures. The fair value option provides an election that allows a company to irrevocably elect to record certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis at initial recognition. We elected the fair value option to better depict the ultimate liability associated with the debentures, including all features and embedded derivatives. The debentures accounted for under the fair value option election represent debt host financial instruments containing certain embedded features that would otherwise be required to be bifurcated from the debt host and recognized as separate derivative liabilities subject to initial and subsequent periodic fair value measurement in accordance withU.S. GAAP. When the fair value option election is applied to financial liabilities, bifurcation of embedded derivatives is not required, and the financial liability in totality is recorded at its issue-date estimated fair value and then subsequently remeasured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis as of each balance sheet date thereafter. Upon remeasurement, the portion of a change in estimated fair value attributable to a change in instrument-specific credit risk is recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and the remaining amount of a change in estimated fair value is to be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.
During 2021, the fair value of the 2021 Bridge Debentures was determined using a
Monte Carlo simulation, which is commonly used to value convertible debt
instruments, and is intended to provide an estimated fair value that
approximates the equity value that would be received upon conversion. The
significant assumptions used in those models were as follows:
? Likelihood of term extension: The Securities Purchase Agreements gave us the
right to extend the maturity date for each issuance of convertible debentures
for an additional three-month period and incur an extension amount rate of 110%
of the outstanding balance. Increases in the likelihood of term extension as of
a given reporting date increase the potential principal amount and thus the
estimated fair value of the convertible debentures derived from the
simulation. Conversely, in the event that term extension is less likely as of a
given reporting date, the principal is less likely to be increased, meaning the
estimated fair value is likely to stay nearer to the issuance-date fair value.
? Likelihood of conversion: The convertible debentures allowed for both: (i)
voluntary conversion of aggregate principal and accrued and unpaid interest to
shares of Class A common stock at the option of the holder at a price per share
equal to nine and (ii) mandatory conversion of aggregate principal and accrued
and unpaid interest upon
including a special purpose acquisition company transaction, for an aggregate
price of at least
the offering price per share or (b) nine. Given the terms of the convertible
debt, and depending upon the fair value of our equity as of a given reporting
date, voluntary and mandatory conversion features are often beneficial to
holders and thus have the potential to materially increase the estimated fair
value of the convertible debentures. For mandatory conversion, increases in the
fair value of our equity as of a given reporting date make conversion at nine
more likely, which is a favorable result to holders of the convertible
debentures as compared to conversion at a price per share equal to 70% of a
qualified offering price and thus increases the estimated fair value.
Conversely, and while still beneficial to holders, conversion at a price per
share equal to 70% of a qualified offering price increases the estimated fair
value of the convertible debentures to a lesser degree than conversion at nine.
Voluntary conversion is considered in the Monte Carlo simulation and affects
the estimated fair value in scenarios in which a qualified offering event that
would affect mandatory conversion does not take place.
Other notable, but not significant, assumptions utilized in the
simulations included, but were not limited to, implied borrowing and annualized
volatility rates.
As a result of the execution of the Merger Agreement onFebruary 24, 2022 , the ultimate value to holders of the 2021 Bridge Debentures and 2022 Bridge Debentures upon voluntary or mandatory conversion became clearer, and thus management determined that a Monte Carlo simulation was no longer appropriate for purposes of estimating fair value. Thus, for the first and second quarters of 2022, the estimated fair value of the 2021 Bridge Debentures and 2022 Bridge Debentures was calculated using a probability-weighted expected return model. The significant assumptions used in the models were as follows:
? Timing of conversion: The probability-weighted expected return model required
management to estimate, based on known facts and circumstances at the time of
valuation, the date on which conversion of the debentures will take place. That
estimate drives the discount factor utilized in the model, which impacts the
derived fair value. If the conversion date is set further in the future, a
greater discount rate would be applied, driving down the fair value of the debt
in a conversion scenario.
? Likelihood of conversion: The 2021 Bridge Debentures contain voluntary and
mandatory conversion provisions, which are discussed at length above. As the
fair value of our equity increases, both conversion mechanisms represent an
increasingly favorable result to holders and thus as the likelihood of
conversion increases, so too does the estimated fair value of our liability
related to the 2021 Bridge Debentures. The 2022 Bridge Debentures allow for
both: (i) voluntary conversion of aggregate principal and unpaid interest
thereon to shares of Class A common stock at any time after two hundred seventy
days following the original issue dates, at a conversion price equal to
per share, except that if there has been no mandatory conversion within three
hundred sixty days following the original issue date, the conversion price
following such three hundred sixty-day period would be equal to
share; and (ii) mandatory conversion of aggregate principal and unpaid interest
thereon upon consummation of an offering of common stock, including a special
purpose acquisition company transaction, for an aggregate price of at least
the conversion scenario, the probability-weighted expected return model
determines which conversion mechanism is most favorable to holders and assumes
holders will choose the most favorable option in estimating fair value.
Depending upon the fair value of our equity as of a given reporting date, these
conversion features are often beneficial to holders and thus, increases in the
likelihood of conversion increase the estimated fair value of our liability
related to the 2022 Bridge Debentures.
47
Other notable, but not significant, assumptions used in the probability-weighted
expected return model included, but were not limited to, implied borrowing
rates. Upon close of the business combination, the 2021 Bridge Debenture and
2022 Bridge Debentures were remeasured at fair value based on the actual
conversion.
Going Concern
On a quarterly basis, we assess going concern uncertainty for our consolidated
financial statements to determine if we have sufficient cash and cash
equivalents on hand and working capital to operate for a period of at least one
year from the date our consolidated financial statements are issued or are
available to be issued (the "look-forward period"). Based on conditions that are
known and reasonably knowable to us, we consider various scenarios, forecasts,
projections, and estimates, and we make certain key assumptions, including the
timing and nature of projected cash expenditures or programs, among other
factors, and our ability to delay or curtail those expenditures or programs
within the look-forward period, if necessary. Until additional equity or debt
capital is secured and the Company begins generating sufficient revenue, there
is substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
InDecember 2019 , theFinancial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes ("ASU 2019-12"). ASU 2019-12 removed certain exceptions to the general principles in ASC 740 and clarified and amended existing guidance to improve consistent application. This amended guidance was effective for public entities for interim and annual periods beginning afterDecember 15, 2021 . The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 effectiveJanuary 1, 2022 and it did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. InAugust 2020 , the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815 -40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity ("ASU 2020-06"), which simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by reducing the number of accounting models available for convertible debt instruments. ASU 2020-06 also eliminates the treasury stock method to calculate diluted earnings per share for convertible instruments and requires the use of the if-converted method. This amended guidance is effective for public and private companies for fiscal years beginning afterDecember 15, 2021 , andDecember 15, 2023 , respectively, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning afterDecember 15, 2020 , including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted the amended guidance prospectively effectiveJanuary 1, 2021 . The impact is not material to the Company's results of operations or financial position as the Company had no debt prior to the issuance of convertible debentures in 2021.
Factors That May Adversely Affect our Results of Operations
Our results of operations may be adversely affected by various factors that could cause economic uncertainty and volatility in the financial markets, many of which are beyond our control. Our business could be impacted by, among other things, downturns in the financial markets or in economic conditions, increases in oil prices, inflation, increases in interest rates, supply chain disruptions, declines in consumer confidence and spending, the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including resurgences and the emergence of new variants, and geopolitical instability, such as the military conflict in theUkraine . We cannot at this time fully predict the likelihood of one or more of the above events, their duration or magnitude or the extent to which they may negatively impact our business.


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