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May 4, 2023 Newswires
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SELECTIVE INSURANCE GROUP INC – 10-Q – MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

Edgar Glimpses
Forward-Looking Statements
The terms "Company," "we," "us," and "our" refer to Selective Insurance Group,
Inc. (the "Parent"), and its subsidiaries, except as expressly indicated or the
context otherwise requires. Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q, including information incorporated by reference, are "forward-looking
statements" as defined by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995
("PSLRA"). The PSLRA provides a safe harbor under the Securities Act of 1933 and
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for forward-looking statements. These
statements relate to our intentions, beliefs, projections, estimations, or
forecasts of future events and financial performance. They involve known and
unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our or industry
actual results, activity levels, or performance to materially differ from those
expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In some cases,
forward-looking statements include the words "may," "will," "could," "would,"
"should," "expect," "plan," "anticipate," "target," "project," "intend,"
"believe," "estimate," "predict," "potential," "pro forma," "seek," "likely,"
"continue," or comparable terms. Our forward-looking statements are only
predictions, and we can give no assurance that such expectations will prove
correct. We undertake no obligation, other than as federal securities laws may
require, to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements for any
reason.

Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from what we
project, forecast, or estimate in forward-looking statements are discussed in
further detail in Item 1A. "Risk Factors." in Part II. "Other Information" of
this Form 10-Q. These risk factors may not be exhaustive. We operate in a
constantly changing business environment, and new risk factors may emerge
anytime. We can neither predict these new risk factors nor assess their impact,
if any, on our businesses or the extent any factor or combination of factors may
cause actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements.
Given these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, the forward-looking events we
discuss in this report might not occur.

Introduction

We classify our business into four reportable segments:


•Standard Commercial Lines;
•Standard Personal Lines;
•Excess and Surplus Lines ("E&S Lines"); and
•Investments.

                                       22
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For more details about these segments, refer to Note 9. "Segment Information" in
Item 1. "Financial Statements." of this Form 10-Q and Note 12. "Segment
Information" in Item 8. "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." of our
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 ("2022 Annual
Report").

We write our Standard Commercial and Standard Personal Lines products and
services through nine of our insurance subsidiaries, some of which participate
in the federal government's National Flood Insurance Program's ("NFIP") Write
Your Own Program. We write our E&S products through another subsidiary, Mesa
Underwriters Specialty Insurance Company, a nationally-authorized non-admitted
platform for customers who generally cannot obtain coverage in the standard
marketplace. Collectively, we refer to our ten insurance subsidiaries as the
"Insurance Subsidiaries."

The following is Management's Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") of the
consolidated results of operations and financial condition, as well as known
trends and uncertainties, that may have a material impact in future periods.
Investors should read the MD&A in conjunction with Item 1. "Financial
Statements." of this Form 10-Q and the consolidated financial statements in our
2022 Annual Report filed with the United States ("U.S.") Securities and Exchange
Commission.

In the MD&A, we will discuss and analyze the following:


•Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates;
•Financial Highlights of Results for the first quarters ended March 31, 2023
("First Quarter 2023") and March 31, 2022 ("First Quarter 2022");
•Results of Operations and Related Information by Segment;
•Federal Income Taxes;
•Liquidity and Capital Resources; and
•Ratings.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include amounts for
which we have made informed estimates and judgments for transactions not yet
completed. Such estimates and judgments affect the reported amounts in the
consolidated financial statements. As outlined in our 2022 Annual Report, those
estimates and judgments most critical to the preparation of the consolidated
financial statements involved the following: (i) reserves for loss and loss
expense; (ii) investment valuation and the allowance for credit losses on
available-for-sale ("AFS") fixed income securities; and (iii) reinsurance. These
estimates and judgments require the use of assumptions about highly uncertain
matters, making them subject to change as facts and circumstances develop. If
different estimates and judgments had been applied, materially different amounts
might have been reported in the financial statements. For additional information
regarding our critical accounting policies and estimates, refer to pages 37
through 45 of our 2022 Annual Report.

                                       23

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Table of Contents
Financial Highlights of Results for First Quarter 2023 and First Quarter 20221


                                                                                    Quarter ended March 31,                  Change
($ and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)                              2023                 2022              % or Points
Financial Data:
Revenues                                                                      $   999,820               846,062                18       %
After-tax net investment income                                                    73,052                58,515                25
After-tax underwriting income                                                      30,955                44,105               (30)
Net income before federal income tax                                              114,759                69,890                64
Net income                                                                         92,574                56,330                64
Net income available to common stockholders                                        90,274                54,030                67

Key Metrics:
Combined ratio                                                                       95.7    %             93.1               2.6       pts
Invested assets per dollar of common stockholders' equity                     $      3.25                  3.02                 8       %
Annualized after-tax yield on investment portfolio                                    3.7    %              3.0               0.7       pts
Return on common equity ("ROE")                                                      15.1                   8.1               7.0
Net premiums written ("NPW") to statutory surplus ratio                              1.46    x             1.36              0.10

Per Common Share Amounts:
Diluted net income per share                                                  $      1.48                  0.89                66       %
Book value per share                                                                40.82                 42.73                (4)
Dividends declared per share to common stockholders                                  0.30                  0.28                 7

Non-GAAP Information:
Non-GAAP operating income2                                                    $    87,632                85,908                 2       %
Non-GAAP operating income per diluted common share2                                  1.44                  1.41                 2
Non-GAAP operating ROE2                                                              14.6    %             12.8               1.8       pts
Adjusted book value per common share2                                         $     46.61                 43.80                 6       %


1Refer to the Glossary of Terms attached to our 2022 Annual Report as Exhibit
99.1 for definitions of terms used of this Form 10-Q.
2Non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP operating income per diluted common share,
and non-GAAP operating ROE are measures comparable to net income available to
common stockholders, net income available to common stockholders per diluted
common share, and ROE, respectively, but exclude after-tax net realized and
unrealized gains and losses on investments included in net income. Adjusted book
value per common share is a measure comparable to book value per common share,
but excludes total after-tax unrealized gains and losses on investments included
in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. These non-GAAP measures are
important financial measures used by us, analysts, and investors because the
timing of realized and unrealized investment gains and losses on securities in
any given period is largely discretionary. In addition, net realized and
unrealized investment gains and losses on investments could distort the analysis
of trends.

Reconciliations of our GAAP to non-GAAP measures are provided in the tables
below:


Reconciliation of net income available to common stockholders               Quarter ended March 31,
to non-GAAP operating income
($ in thousands)                                                          2023                   2022
Net income available to common stockholders                          $     90,274                 54,030

Net realized and unrealized investment (gains) losses included
in net income, before tax                                                  (3,344)                40,352

Tax on reconciling items                                                      702                 (8,474)
Non-GAAP operating income                                            $     87,632                 85,908



Reconciliation of net income available to common stockholders               

Quarter ended March 31,
per diluted common share to non-GAAP operating income per
diluted common share

                                                                           2023                   2022

Net income available to common stockholders per diluted common
share

                                                                $        1.48                   0.89

Net realized and unrealized investment (gains) losses included
in net income, before tax

                                                    (0.05)                  0.66

Tax on reconciling items                                                      0.01                  (0.14)
Non-GAAP operating income per diluted common share                   $        1.44                   1.41



Reconciliation of ROE to non-GAAP operating ROE                             

Quarter ended March 31,

                                                                            2023                   2022
ROE                                                                             15.1  %                8.1

Net realized and unrealized investment (gains) losses included
in net income, before tax

                                                       (0.6)                  6.0

Tax on reconciling items                                                         0.1                  (1.3)
Non-GAAP operating ROE                                                          14.6  %               12.8



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Reconciliation of book value per common share to adjusted book              Quarter ended March 31,
value per common share
                                                                           2023                  2022
Book value per common share                                          $       40.82                 42.73

Total unrealized investment (gains) losses included in
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), before tax

                     7.32                  1.35
Tax on reconciling items                                                     (1.53)                (0.28)
Adjusted book value per common share                                 $       46.61                 43.80



The components of our ROE and non-GAAP operating ROE are as follows:


ROE and non-GAAP operating ROE Components                                

Quarter ended March 31,

                                                                  2023                              2022               Change Points
Standard Commercial Lines Segment                                    5.1     %                         5.0                  0.1
Standard Personal Lines Segment                                     (1.7)                              0.8                 (2.5)
E&S Lines Segment                                                    1.8                               0.8                  1.0
Total insurance operations                                           5.2                               6.6                 (1.4)

Investment income                                                   12.2                               8.7                  3.5
Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)                0.5                              (4.7)                 5.2
Total investments segment                                           12.7                               4.0                  8.7

Other                                                               (2.8)                             (2.5)                (0.3)

ROE                                                                 15.1                               8.1                  7.0
Net realized and unrealized investment (gains)
losses, after tax                                                   (0.5)                              4.7                 (5.2)
Non-GAAP operating ROE                                              14.6                              12.8                  1.8



Our First Quarter 2023 non-GAAP operating ROE of 14.6% was above our full-year
2023 target non-GAAP operating ROE of 12% and our First Quarter 2022 non-GAAP
operating ROE of 12.8%. The increase compared to First Quarter 2022 was
primarily driven by a $14.5 million, or 3.5-point, increase in after-tax net
investment income. This increase resulted from greater income earned on our
fixed income securities portfolio due to higher book yields received from the
investment of operating and investing cash flows over the past year in the
higher interest rate environment. This increase was offset by a $13.2 million,
or 1.4-point, reduction in after-tax underwriting income, resulting from (i) an
increase in net catastrophe losses in First Quarter 2023 compared to First
Quarter 2022, and (ii) lower favorable prior year casualty reserve development
in First Quarter 2023 compared to First Quarter 2022, partially offset by a
decrease in non-catastrophe property loss and loss expenses in First Quarter
2023.

In addition, net realized and unrealized investment gains in First Quarter 2023
compared to net realized and unrealized investment losses in First Quarter 2022
drove the 5.2-point increase in our ROE. The decrease in net realized and
unrealized investment losses was primarily due to lower credit loss expense on
our AFS fixed income securities portfolio in First Quarter 2023 resulting from a
decline in benchmark U.S. Treasury rates.

Outlook

We entered 2023 well positioned to navigate the on-going challenges of elevated
inflation, increased interest rates, and financial market volatility. Our
overall First Quarter 2023 financial results were strong with 12% growth in NPW
and a 14.6% non-GAAP operating ROE, which was above our full-year target of 12%.

We continue to focus on several foundational areas to position us for ongoing
success:


•Delivering on our strategy for continued disciplined and profitable growth by:
•Achieving renewal pure price increases that reflect our current profitability
and forward loss trend expectations;
•Continuing to expand our Standard Commercial Lines market share by (i)
increasing our share towards our 12% target of our agents' premiums, (ii)
strategically appointing new agents, and (iii) maximizing new business growth in
the small business market through utilization of our enhanced small business
platform;
•Expanding our geographic footprint. In 2022, we began writing Standard
Commercial Lines business in Vermont, Alabama, and Idaho. We plan to expand our
Standard Commercial Lines footprint into other states over time;
•Increasing customer retention by delivering a superior omnichannel experience
and offering value-added technologies and services;
                                       25
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•Shifting our Standard Personal Lines products and services towards customers in
the mass affluent market, where we believe we can be more competitive with the
strong coverage and servicing capabilities that we offer; and
•Deploying our new underwriting platform in our E&S segment and improving
agents' ease of interactions with us.

•Continuing to build on a culture centered on the values of diversity, equity,
and inclusion that fosters innovation, idea generation, and developing a group
of specially trained leaders who can guide us successfully into the future.

For 2023, our full-year expectations remain unchanged and are as follows:


•A GAAP combined ratio of 96.5%, including net catastrophe losses of 4.5 points.
Our combined ratio estimate assumes no additional prior year casualty reserve
development;
•After-tax net investment income of $300 million that includes after-tax net
investment income from our alternative investments of $30 million;
•An overall effective tax rate of approximately 21.0%, which assumes an
effective tax rate of 20.0% for net investment income and 21.0% for all other
items; and
•Weighted average shares of 61 million on a fully diluted basis, which assumes
no additional share repurchases we may make under our authorization.


Results of Operations and Related Information by Segment


Insurance Operations
The following table provides quantitative information for analyzing the combined
ratio:

All Lines                                                        Quarter ended March 31,
($ in thousands)                                                2023                 2022              Change % or Points
Insurance Operations Results:
Net premiums written ("NPW")                               $   999,768               889,798                    12         %
Net premiums earned ("NPE")                                    902,336               812,283                    11

Less:

Loss and loss expense incurred                                 567,438               494,236                    15
Net underwriting expenses incurred                             293,943               260,639                    13
Dividends to policyholders                                       1,772                 1,579                    12
Underwriting income                                        $    39,183                55,829                   (30)        %
Combined Ratios:
Loss and loss expense ratio                                       62.9    %             60.8                   2.1         pts
Underwriting expense ratio                                        32.6                  32.1                   0.5
Dividends to policyholders ratio                                   0.2                   0.2                     -
Combined ratio                                                    95.7                  93.1                   2.6


The NPW growth of 12% in First Quarter 2023 compared to First Quarter 2022
reflected (i) overall renewal pure price increases, and (ii) higher direct new
business, as shown in the following table:

                                                 Quarter ended March 31,
($ in millions)                                      2023                 2022
Direct new business premiums              $               216.9          177.2
Renewal pure price increases on NPW                         6.6    %       

4.6

Our NPW growth in First Quarter 2023 also benefited from strong retention and
exposure growth.

The increase in NPE in First Quarter 2023 compared to 2022 resulted from the
same impacts to NPW described above.

                                       26
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Loss and Loss Expenses
The loss and loss expense ratio increased 2.1 points in First Quarter 2023
compared to First Quarter 2022, primarily due to the following:

                                                     First Quarter 2023                                 First Quarter 2022
                                                                                              Loss and
                                         Loss and Loss            Impact on                     Loss               Impact on
                                            Expense             Loss and Loss                 Expense            Loss and Loss
($ in millions)                            Incurred             Expense Ratio                 Incurred           Expense Ratio                Change in Ratio
Net catastrophe losses                  $       55.3                   6.1      pts         $    20.6                   2.5      pts                3.6

pts

(Favorable) prior year casualty
reserve development                            (13.0)                 (1.4)                     (20.0)                 (2.5)                        1.1
Non-catastrophe property loss and
loss expenses                                  148.2                  16.4                      150.4                  18.5                        (2.1)
Total                                   $      190.5                  21.1                  $   151.0                  18.5                         2.6



Net catastrophe losses in First Quarter 2023 included $28.7 million related to
two wind and thunderstorm events in March 2023 that impacted Eastern and
Midwestern states in our footprint, and $10.1 million related to a winter storm
in February 2023 that impacted Northeastern states in our footprint.

Details of the prior year casualty reserve development were as follows:


(Favorable)/Unfavorable Prior Year Casualty Reserve Development                   Quarter ended March 31,
($ in millions)                                                              2023                        2022
General liability                                                       $          -                        (5.0)

Workers compensation                                                           (10.0)                      (10.0)

Bonds                                                                              -                        (5.0)
  Total Standard Commercial Lines                                              (10.0)                      (20.0)

Homeowners                                                                         -                           -
Personal automobile                                                              2.0                           -
  Total Standard Personal Lines                                                  2.0                           -

E&S                                                                             (5.0)                          -

Total (favorable) prior year casualty reserve development               $      (13.0)                      (20.0)

(Favorable) impact on loss ratio                                                (1.4)   pts                 (2.5)



For additional qualitative discussion on prior year casualty reserve development
and non-catastrophe property loss and loss expenses, refer to the insurance
segment sections below.


Underwriting Expenses
The underwriting expense ratio increased 0.5 points in First Quarter 2023
compared to First Quarter 2022, of which approximately half was driven by higher
reinsurance costs and its associated impact on our NPE in First Quarter 2023
compared to First Quarter 2022. The remainder of the increase was related to our
participation in the NFIP program as benefits from our participation in this
program are becoming less significant relative to the growth in the overall
premium.

                                       27
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Standard Commercial Lines Segment

                                                 Quarter ended March 31,              Change
                                                                                       % or
($ in thousands)                                   2023                   2022        Points
Insurance Segments Results:
NPW                                     $                813,316        737,639        10     %
NPE                                                      731,615        661,469        11
Less:
Loss and loss expense incurred                           447,326        399,474        12
Net underwriting expenses incurred                       243,596        218,032        12
Dividends to policyholders                                 1,772          1,579        12
Underwriting income                                       38,921         42,384        (8)
Combined Ratios:
Loss and loss expense ratio                                 61.2   %       60.4       0.8     pts
Underwriting expense ratio                                  33.3           33.0       0.3
Dividends to policyholders ratio                             0.2            0.2         -
Combined ratio                                              94.7           93.6       1.1



NPW growth of 10% in First Quarter 2023 compared to First Quarter 2022 reflected
(i) renewal pure price increases, (ii) higher direct new business, and (iii)
strong retention as shown in the table below. In addition, NPW growth benefited
from strong exposure growth.

                                                   Quarter ended March 31,
($ in millions)                                      2023                     2022
Direct new business premiums              $                  147.7           128.4
Retention                                                       86   %          87
Renewal pure price increases on NPW                            7.0          

4.8

The increase in NPE in First Quarter 2023 compared to First Quarter 2022
resulted from the same impacts to NPW described above.

The loss and loss expense ratio increased 0.8 points in First Quarter 2023
compared to First Quarter 2022, primarily driven by the following:

                                                       First Quarter 2023                              First Quarter 2022
                                                                                                Loss and
                                          Loss and Loss            Impact on                      Loss               Impact on
                                             Expense             Loss and Loss                  Expense            Loss and Loss
($ in millions)                              Incurred            Expense Ratio                  Incurred           Expense Ratio          Change in Ratio
Net catastrophe losses                    $      35.1                   4.8      pts          $    14.9                   2.3                   2.5    

pts

Non-catastrophe property loss and
loss expenses                                   105.5                  14.4                       115.7                  17.5                  (3.1)
(Favorable) prior year casualty
reserve development                             (10.0)                 (1.4)                      (20.0)                 (3.0)                  1.6

Total                                           130.6                  17.8                       110.6                  16.8                   1.0



Net catastrophe losses in First Quarter 2023 included $14.7 million related to
two wind and thunderstorm events in March 2023 that impacted Eastern and
Midwestern states in our footprint, and $9.3 million related to a winter storm
in February 2023 that impacted Northeastern states in our footprint. For
qualitative discussion on non-catastrophe property loss and loss expenses, refer
to the commercial property line of business section below.

The favorable prior year casualty reserve development in First Quarter 2023 was
was primarily due to improved loss severities in accident years 2020 and prior
in our workers compensation line of business. Favorable prior year casualty
reserve development in First Quarter 2022 included (i) $10.0 million in our
workers compensation line of business primarily due to improved loss severities
in accident years 2019 and prior, (ii) $5.0 million in our general liability
line of business primarily attributable to improved loss severities in accident
years 2019 and prior, and (iii) $5.0 million in our bonds line of business.

The underwriting expense ratio increased 0.3 points in First Quarter 2023
compared to First Quarter 2022, primarily driven by higher reinsurance costs and
its associated impact on our NPE in First Quarter 2023 compared to First Quarter
2022.



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The following is a discussion of our most significant Standard Commercial Lines
of business:

General Liability

                                                                        Quarter ended March 31,                   Change
                                                                                                                    % or
($ in thousands)                                                    2023                       2022               Points1
NPW                                                            $   272,126                     244,118              11      %
 Direct new business                                                44,731                      37,883                  n/a
 Retention                                                              86    %                     87                  n/a
 Renewal pure price increases                                          5.5                         4.0                  n/a
NPE                                                            $   243,349                     216,325              12      %
Underwriting income                                                 27,126                      28,817              (6)
Combined ratio                                                        88.9    %                   86.7             2.2      pts
% of total Standard Commercial Lines NPW                                33                          33


1n/a: not applicable.

NPW growth of 11% in First Quarter 2023 compared to First Quarter 2022 benefited
from exposure growth, strong retention, renewal pure price increases, and higher
direct new business.

The combined ratio increased 2.2 points in First Quarter 2023 compared to First
Quarter 2022, primarily driven by less favorable prior year casualty reserve
development, as follows:

                                                         First Quarter 2023                              First Quarter 2022
                                               Loss and                                        Loss and Loss
                                             Loss Expense           Impact on                     Expense               Impact on
($ in millions)                                Incurred           Combined Ratio                  Incurred            Combined Ratio          Change in Ratio
(Favorable) prior year casualty
reserve development                          $       -                    -        pts         $      (5.0)                (2.3)                    2.3        pts



The favorable prior year casualty reserve development in First Quarter 2022 was
primarily attributable to improved loss severities in accident years 2019 and
prior.

Commercial Automobile

                                                                          Quarter ended March 31,                  Change
                                                                                                                     % or
($ in thousands)                                                       2023                      2022              Points1
NPW                                                               $   240,183                   212,595              13      %
 Direct new business                                                   36,976                    31,413                  n/a
 Retention                                                                 86    %                   87                  n/a
 Renewal pure price increases                                            10.0                       7.4                  n/a
NPE                                                               $   217,371                   193,830              12      %
Underwriting (loss) income                                            (11,741)                  (10,918)              8
Combined ratio                                                          105.4    %                105.6            (0.2)     pts
% of total Standard Commercial Lines NPW                                   30                        29


1n/a: not applicable.

NPW growth of 13% in First Quarter 2023 compared to First Quarter 2022 benefited
from renewal pure price increases, higher direct new business, and strong
retention. NPW also benefited from 5% growth of in-force vehicle counts as of
March 31, 2023, compared to March 31, 2022.

The combined ratio decreased 0.2 points in First Quarter 2023 compared to First
Quarter 2022, primarily driven by the following:

                                                          First Quarter 2023                               First Quarter 2022
                                             Loss and Loss                                       Loss and Loss
                                                Expense               Impact on                     Expense               Impact on
($ in millions)                                 Incurred            Combined Ratio                  Incurred            Combined Ratio          Change in Ratio
Net catastrophe losses                       $       0.3                  0.1        pts         $       0.3                  0.2                    (0.1)       pts
Non-catastrophe property loss and loss
expenses                                            46.7                 21.5                           43.0                 22.2                    (0.7)

Total                                        $      47.0                 21.6                    $      43.3                 22.4                    (0.8)



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In addition, the combined ratio was impacted by a 0.3-point increase in current
year casualty loss costs in First Quarter 2023, compared to First Quarter 2022.
The increase in current year casualty loss costs was primarily due to increases
in claim severities.

Commercial Property

                                                                     Quarter ended March 31,                  Change
                                                                                                                % or
($ in thousands)                                                  2023                      2022              Points1
NPW                                                          $   151,604                   130,905              16      %
 Direct new business                                              34,757                    27,817                  n/a
 Retention                                                            85    %                   86                  n/a
Renewal pure price increases                                         9.5                       6.2                  n/a
NPE                                                          $   135,292                   120,062              13      %
Underwriting income                                               10,078                       176                   NM
Combined ratio                                                      92.6    %                 99.9            (7.3)     pts
% of total Standard Commercial Lines NPW                              19                        18


1n/a: not applicable; NM - Not Meaningful.


NPW growth of 16% in First Quarter 2023 compared to First Quarter 2022 benefited
from renewal pure price increases, strong retention, exposure growth, and higher
direct new business.

The combined ratio decreased 7.3 points in First Quarter 2023 compared to First
Quarter 2022, primarily driven by the following:

                                                          First Quarter 2023                                    First Quarter 2022
                                             Loss and Loss
                                                Expense               Impact on                    Loss and Loss                   Impact on
($ in millions)                                 Incurred            Combined Ratio                Expense Incurred              Combined Ratio            Change in Ratio
Net catastrophe losses                       $      27.7                 20.5        pts                  12.9                         10.8                     9.7        pts
Non-catastrophe property loss and loss
expenses                                            46.5                 34.4                             63.1                         52.5                   (18.1)
Total                                        $      74.2                 54.9                             76.0                         63.3                    (8.4)



Compared to last year, First Quarter 2023 experienced lower non-catastrophe
property loss and loss expense, which continues to reflect the variability from
period to period that is normally associated with the commercial property line
of business. For example, we experienced fewer large fire losses and claims
related to water damage and freezing. In addition, our initiatives to execute on
(i) price increases, and (ii) targeted underwriting actions to improve our
insurance to value ratios, are both beginning to take effect. First Quarter 2023
also experienced elevated net catastrophe losses as discussed in the "Insurance
Operations" section above.

Workers Compensation

                                                                          Quarter ended March 31,                 Change
                                                                                                                    % or
($ in thousands)                                                      2023                      2022              Points1
NPW                                                               $   93,432                    97,459              (4)     %
Direct new business                                                   17,620                    16,946                  n/a
Retention                                                                 84    %                   87                  n/a
Renewal pure price increases                                            (1.1)                     (1.1)                 n/a
NPE                                                               $   84,184                    84,680              (1)     %
Underwriting income                                                   14,586                    15,905              (8)
Combined ratio                                                          82.7    %                 81.2             1.5      pts
% of total Standard Commercial Lines NPW                                  11                        13


1n/a: not applicable.

NPW decreased 4% in First Quarter 2023 compared to First Quarter 2022, primarily
due to renewal pure price decreases of 1.1% and lower retention.


The combined ratio increased 1.5 points in First Quarter 2023 compared to First
Quarter 2022, primarily driven by an increase in the expense ratio primarily
related to an increase in compensation to our distribution partners.
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The increase in the combined ratio was slightly offset by favorable prior year
casualty reserve development as follows:

                                                          First Quarter 2023                               First Quarter 2022
                                             Loss and Loss                                       Loss and Loss
                                                Expense               Impact on                     Expense               Impact on
($ in millions)                                 Incurred            Combined Ratio                  Incurred            Combined Ratio          Change in Ratio
(Favorable) prior year casualty
reserve development                          $     (10.0)               (11.9)       pts         $     (10.0)               (11.8)                   (0.1)       pts



The favorable prior year casualty reserve development in First Quarter 2023 was
primarily due to improved loss severities in accident years 2020 and prior. The
favorable prior year casualty reserve development in First Quarter 2022 was
primarily due to improved loss severities in accident years 2019 and prior.

Standard Personal Lines Segment


                                                   Quarter ended March 31,                Change
                                                                                           % or
 ($ in thousands)                                   2023                      2022        Points
 Insurance Segments Results:
 NPW                                     $                 85,278            65,057         31     %
 NPE                                                       81,870            72,642         13
 Less:
 Loss and loss expense incurred                            73,168           

48,547 51

 Net underwriting expenses incurred                        21,775            17,575         24
 Underwriting income (loss)                               (13,073)            6,520       (301)
 Combined Ratios:
 Loss and loss expense ratio                                 89.4   %          66.8       22.6     pts
 Underwriting expense ratio                                  26.6              24.2        2.4
 Combined ratio                                             116.0              91.0       25.0



NPW increased 31% in First Quarter 2023 compared to First Quarter 2022, due to
(i) higher direct new business, (ii) stronger retention, (iii) renewal pure
price increases, (iv) higher homeowner coverage amounts due to inflation, and
(v) higher average policy sizes from our mass affluent market strategy. In the
third quarter of 2021, we transitioned our personal lines strategy to target
customers in the mass affluent market where we believe our strong coverage and
servicing capabilities will be more competitive.

                                                  Quarter ended March 31,
($ in millions)                                      2023                   

2022

Direct new business premiums1             $                   26.3          

9.6

Retention                                                       87   %      

84

Renewal pure price increases on NPW                            1.8          

0.6

1Excludes our Flood direct premiums written, which is 100% ceded to the NFIP and
therefore, has no impact on our NPW.

The increase in NPE in First Quarter 2023 compared to First Quarter 2022
resulted from the same impacts to NPW described above.

The loss and loss expense ratio increased 22.6 points in First Quarter 2023
compared to First Quarter 2022, driven by the following:

                                                          First Quarter 2023                                   First Quarter 2022
                                             Loss and Loss            Impact on                   Loss and Loss                   Impact on
                                                Expense             Loss and Loss                    Expense                Loss and Loss Expense
($ in millions)                                 Incurred            Expense Ratio                    Incurred                       Ratio                Change in Ratio
Net catastrophe losses                       $      14.6                  17.9      pts                 4.3                                6.0                11.9        pts
Non-catastrophe property loss and loss
expenses                                            33.8                  41.3                         25.6                               35.2        

6.1

Unfavorable prior year casualty
reserve development                                  2.0                   2.4                            -                                  -                 2.4

Total                                        $      50.4                  61.6                         29.9                               41.2                20.4


Net catastrophe losses in First Quarter 2023 included two large wind and
thunderstorm events in March 2023 that primarily impacted our homeowners line of
business, resulting in $11.5 million of ultimate pre-tax losses.

First Quarter 2023 experienced elevated non-catastrophe property loss and loss
expenses, driven by higher personal automobile

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physical damage losses. These higher losses resulted from continued greater
severities from inflationary and supply chain impacts that have increased labor
and repair costs, and the duration of claims, which impacts vehicle rental days.
The likely continuation of elevated non-catastrophe property loss and loss
expenses, coupled with renewal pure price increases below loss trend, will put
pressure on this segment's profitability in the near-term. We have and continue
to file rate increases on a state-by-state basis to mitigate these inflationary
impacts. These filed rate increases began to take effect on a written basis
during First Quarter 2023, and we expect rate filings to continue to increase
through 2023.

The unfavorable prior year casualty reserve development in First Quarter 2023
was primarily due to increased loss severities in accident year 2022. There was
no prior year casualty reserve development in First Quarter 2022.

The underwriting expense ratio increased 2.4 points in First Quarter 2023
compared to First Quarter 2022, primarily due to a 2.2 point impact related to
our participation in the NFIP program as benefits from our participation in this
program are becoming less significant relative to the growth in the overall
Standard Personal Lines's premium, which is being driven by our homeowners and
personal automobile business.

E&S Lines Segment


                                                  Quarter ended March 31,                Change
                                                                                          % or
($ in thousands)                                   2023                      2022        Points
Insurance Segments Results:
NPW                                     $                101,174            87,102         16     %
NPE                                                       88,851            78,172         14
Less:
Loss and loss expense incurred                            46,944            46,215          2
Net underwriting expenses incurred                        28,572            25,032         14
Underwriting income (loss)                                13,335             6,925         93
Combined Ratios:
Loss and loss expense ratio                                 52.8   %          59.1       (6.3)    pts
Underwriting expense ratio                                  32.2              32.0        0.2
Combined ratio                                              85.0              91.1       (6.1)


NPW growth of 16% in First Quarter 2023 compared to First Quarter 2022 reflected
renewal pure price increases and higher direct new business as shown in the
table below. In addition, NPW growth in First Quarter 2023 benefited from
exposure growth driven by favorable E&S Lines marketplace conditions.

                                                   Quarter ended March 31,
($ in millions)                                      2023                    2022
Direct new business premiums              $                   42.9           39.2

Renewal pure price increases on NPW                            7.4   %      

7.7

The increase in NPE in First Quarter 2023 compared to First Quarter 2022
resulted from the same impacts to NPW described above.

The loss and loss expense ratio decreased 6.3 points in First Quarter 2023
compared to First Quarter 2022, primarily driven by the following:

                                                        First Quarter 2023                                 First Quarter 2022
                                                                                                    Loss and
                                                                        Impact on                     Loss               Impact on
                                              Loss and Loss           Loss and Loss                 Expense            Loss and Loss
($ in millions)                              Expense Incurred         Expense Ratio                 Incurred           Expense Ratio          Change in Ratio
Net catastrophe losses                       $         5.6                   6.3      pts         $     1.3                   1.7                   4.6 

pts

Non-catastrophe property loss and loss
expenses                                               8.9                  10.1                        9.1                  11.6                  

(1.5)

(Favorable) prior year casualty
reserve development                                   (5.0)                 (5.6)                         -                     -                  (5.6)
Total                                        $         9.5                  10.8                  $    10.4                  13.3                  (2.5)



First Quarter 2023 experienced higher net catastrophe losses compared to First
Quarter 2022, including $2.6 million related to two large wind and thunderstorm
events in March 2023 that impacted our property line of business.

The favorable prior year casualty reserve development in First Quarter 2023 was
primarily due to lower severities in accident years 2021 and prior. There was no
prior year casualty reserve development in First Quarter 2022.
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In addition, the loss and loss expense ratio was favorably impacted by a
3.7-point decrease in current year casualty loss costs in First Quarter 2023
compared to First Quarter 2022. Our E&S casualty lines results have improved
over recent years from several underwriting and claims initiatives and strong
rate increases. The decrease in current year casualty loss costs reflects the
impacts of these actions.

Investments

Our investment portfolio's objectives are to maximize after-tax net investment
income and generate long-term growth in book value per share by maximizing the
overall total return of the portfolio by investing the premiums we receive from
our insurance operations and the amounts generated through our capital
management strategies, which may include debt and equity security issuances. We
balance those objectives against prevailing market conditions, capital
preservation considerations, and our enterprise risk-taking appetite. We
maintain (i) a well-diversified portfolio across issuers, sectors, and asset
classes; and (ii) a high credit quality fixed income securities portfolio with a
duration and maturity profile at an acceptable risk level that provides ample
liquidity.

The effective duration of the fixed income securities portfolio, including
short-term investments, was 4.1 years as of March 31, 2023, compared to the
Insurance Subsidiaries' net loss and loss expense reserves duration of 3.1 years
at December 31, 2022. The effective duration is monitored and managed to
maximize yield while managing interest rate risk at an acceptable level.
Purchases and sales are made with the intent of maximizing investment returns in
the current market environment while balancing capital preservation.

Our fixed income and short-term investments represented 93% of our invested
assets at March 31, 2023, and 92% at December 31, 2022. Our fixed income and
short-term investments portfolio had a weighted average credit rating of "AA-"
as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, with investment grade holdings
representing 96% of the total portfolio at both periods.

For further details on the composition, credit quality, and various risks to
which our portfolio is subject, see Item 7A. "Quantitative and Qualitative
Disclosures About Market Risk." of our 2022 Annual Report.

Total Invested Assets
($ in thousands)                                          March 31, 2023            December 31, 2022              Change
Total invested assets                                   $     8,029,444                 7,837,469                        2    %
Invested assets per dollar of common
stockholders' equity                                               3.25                      3.37                       (4)

Components of unrealized gains (losses) - before
tax:
Fixed income securities                                        (442,961)                 (527,892)                     (16) %
Equity securities                                                (2,183)                   (5,431)                     (60) %
Net unrealized gains (losses) - before tax                     (445,144)                 (533,323)                     (17) %
Components of unrealized gains (losses) - after
tax:
Fixed income securities                                        (349,940)                 (417,035)                     (16) %
Equity securities                                                (1,724)                   (4,290)                     (60) %
Net unrealized gains (losses) - after tax                      (351,664)                 (421,325)                     (17) %



Invested assets increased $192.0 million at March 31, 2023, compared to
December 31, 2022, reflecting an $88.2 million decrease in pre-tax unrealized
losses during First Quarter 2023 and operating cash flows during First Quarter
2023 that were 14% of NPW. The decrease in pre-tax unrealized losses was
primarily due to a decrease in benchmark U.S. Treasury rates.

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Net Investment Income
The components of net investment income earned were as follows:

                                                                             Quarter ended March 31,                  Change
($ in thousands)                                                            2023                  2022             % or Points
Fixed income securities                                                $   80,087                 53,925                49       %
Commercial mortgage loans ("CMLs")                                          1,965                    970               103
Equity securities                                                           1,205                  2,418               (50)
Short-term investments                                                      4,650                    101             4,504
Alternative investments                                                     7,768                 19,128               (59)
Other investments                                                              43                    177               (76)
Investment expenses                                                        (4,212)                (4,117)                2
Net investment income earned - before tax                                  91,506                 72,602                26
Net investment income tax expense                                         (18,454)               (14,087)               31
Net investment income earned - after tax                               $   73,052                 58,515                25
Effective tax rate                                                           20.2    %              19.4               0.8       pts
Annualized after-tax yield on fixed income investments                        3.8                    2.6               1.2
Annualized after-tax yield on investment portfolio                            3.7                    3.0               0.7



Net investment income earned increased 25% in First Quarter 2023 compared to
First Quarter 2022, driven by an increase in income earned on our fixed income
securities portfolio due to higher book yields received from the investment of
operating and investing cash flows over the past year in the higher interest
rate environment, partially offset by lower returns on our alternative
investments.

Realized and Unrealized Gains and Losses
When evaluating securities for sale, our general philosophy is to reduce our
exposure to securities and sectors based on economic evaluations of whether the
fundamentals for that security or sector have deteriorated or the timing is
appropriate to opportunistically trade for other securities with better
economic-return characteristics. Net realized and unrealized gains and losses
for the indicated periods were as follows:

                                                                              Quarter ended March 31,
($ in thousands)                                                            2023                  2022                Change %
Net realized gains (losses) on disposals                                     (9,146)              (11,363)                 (20) %
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities                            3,248                (2,154)                (251)

Net credit loss benefit (expense) on fixed income securities,
AFS

                                                                           9,529               (22,052)                (143)

Net credit loss benefit (expense) on fixed income securities,
held-to-maturity

                                                                  -                    14                 (100)
Net credit loss benefit (expense) on CMLs                                        17                     -                    -
Losses on securities for which we have the intent to sell                      (304)               (4,797)                 (94)
Total net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)            $      3,344               (40,352)                (108)



Net realized and unrealized investment gains in First Quarter 2023 were
primarily driven by lower credit loss expense on our AFS fixed income securities
portfolio resulting from a decline in benchmark U.S. Treasury rates.


Federal Income Taxes
The following table provides information regarding federal income taxes and
reconciles federal income tax at the corporate rate to the effective tax rate:

                                                                             Quarter ended March 31,
($ in thousands)                                                            2023                  2022
Tax at statutory rate                                                 $    24,099                  14,677
Tax-advantaged interest                                                      (720)                 (1,074)
Dividends received deduction                                                  (68)                   (106)
Executive compensation                                                        740                     258
Stock-based compensation                                                   (1,613)                   (731)
Other                                                                        (253)                    536
Federal income tax expense                                                 22,185                  13,560
Income before federal income tax, less preferred stock
dividends                                                                 112,459                  67,590
Effective tax rate                                                           19.7    %               20.1



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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Capital resources and liquidity reflect our ability to generate cash flows from
business operations, borrow funds at competitive rates, and raise new capital to
meet our operating and growth needs.

Liquidity

We manage liquidity by focusing on generating sufficient cash flows to meet the
short-term and long-term cash requirements of our business operations. We adjust
our liquidity requirements based on economic conditions, market conditions, and
future cash flow commitments, as discussed further below.

Sources of Liquidity
Sources of cash for the Parent historically have consisted of dividends from the
Insurance Subsidiaries, the investment portfolio held at the Parent, borrowings
under third-party lines of credit, loan agreements with certain Insurance
Subsidiaries, and the issuance of equity (common or preferred) and debt
securities. We continue to monitor these sources, considering our short-term and
long-term liquidity and capital preservation strategies.

The Parent's investment portfolio includes (i) short-term investments generally
maintained in "AAA" rated money market funds approved by the National
Association of Insurance Commissioners, (ii) high-quality, highly liquid
government and corporate fixed income securities, (iii) equity securities, (iv)
alternative investments, and (v) a cash balance. In the aggregate, Parent cash
and total investments amounted to $497 million at March 31, 2023, and $484
million at December 31, 2022.

The amount and composition of the Parent's investment portfolio may change over
time based on various factors, including the amount and availability of
dividends from our Insurance Subsidiaries, investment income, expenses, other
Parent cash needs, such as dividends payable to stockholders, asset allocation
investment decisions, inorganic growth opportunities, debt retirement, and share
repurchases. Our target is for the Parent to maintain highly liquid investments
of at least twice its expected annual net cash outflow needs, or $180 million.

Insurance Subsidiary Dividends
The Insurance Subsidiaries generate liquidity through insurance float, which is
created by collecting premiums and earning investment income before paying
claims. The period of float can extend over many years. Our investment portfolio
consists of securities with maturity dates that continually provide a source of
cash flow for claims payments in the ordinary course of business. To protect our
Insurance Subsidiaries' capital, we purchase reinsurance coverage for
significantly large claims or catastrophes that may occur.

The Insurance Subsidiaries paid $40 million in total dividends to the Parent in
First Quarter 2023. As of December 31, 2022, our allowable ordinary maximum
dividend is $283 million for 2023. All Insurance Subsidiary dividends to the
Parent are (i) subject to the approval and/or review of its domiciliary state
insurance regulator, and (ii) generally payable only from earned statutory
surplus reported in its annual statements as of the preceding December 31.
Although domiciliary state insurance regulators historically have approved
dividends, there is no assurance they will approve future Insurance Subsidiary
dividends.

New Jersey corporate law also limits the maximum amount of dividends the Parent
can pay our stockholders if either (i) the Parent would be unable to pay its
debts as they became due in the usual course of business, or (ii) the Parent's
total assets would be less than its total liabilities. The Parent's ability to
pay dividends to stockholders is also impacted by (i) covenants in its credit
agreement that obligate it, among other things, to maintain a minimum
consolidated net worth and a maximum ratio of consolidated debt to total
capitalization, and (ii) the terms of our preferred stock that prohibit
dividends to be declared or paid on our common stock if dividends are not
declared and paid, or made payable, on all outstanding preferred stock for the
latest completed dividend period.

For additional information regarding dividend restrictions and financial
covenants, where applicable, see Note 11. "Indebtedness," Note 17. "Equity," and
Note 22. "Statutory Financial Information, Capital Requirements, and
Restrictions on Dividends and Transfers of Funds" in Item 8. "Financial
Statements and Supplementary Data." of our 2022 Annual Report.


Line of Credit
On November 7, 2022, the Parent entered into a Credit Agreement with the lenders
named therein (the "Lenders") and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as
Administrative Agent ("Line of Credit"). Under the Line of Credit, the Lenders
have agreed to provide the Parent with a $50 million revolving credit facility
that can be increased to $125 million with the Lenders' consent. No borrowings
were made under the Line of Credit in First Quarter 2023. The Line of Credit
will mature on November 7, 2025, and has a variable interest rate based on the
Parent's debt ratings. We expect to continue to maintain a credit facility for
liquidity purposes. For additional information regarding the Line of Credit and
corresponding representations,
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warranties, and covenants, refer to Note 11. "Indebtedness" in Item 8.
"Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." of our 2022 Annual Report. We met
all covenants under our Line of Credit as of March 31, 2023.

Four of the Insurance Subsidiaries are members of Federal Home Loan Bank
("FHLB") branches, as shown in the following table. Membership requires the
ownership of branch stock and includes the right to access liquidity. All
Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis ("FHLBI") and Federal Home Loan Bank of
New York ("FHLBNY") borrowings are required to be secured by investments pledged
as collateral. For additional information regarding collateral outstanding,
refer to Note 4. "Investments" in Item 1. "Financial Statements." of this Form
10-Q.

Branch   Insurance Subsidiary Member
FHLBI    Selective Insurance Company of South Carolina ("SICSC")1

Selective Insurance Company of the Southeast ("SICSE")1
FHLBNY Selective Insurance Company of America ("SICA")

Selective Insurance Company of New York ("SICNY")

1These subsidiaries are jointly referred to as the "Indiana Subsidiaries"
because they are domiciled in Indiana.


The Line of Credit permits aggregate borrowings from the FHLBI and the FHLBNY up
to 10% of the respective member company's admitted assets for the previous year.
As SICNY is domiciled in New York, its FHLBNY borrowings are limited by New York
insurance regulations to the lower of 5% of admitted assets for the most
recently completed fiscal quarter, or 10% of admitted assets for the previous
year-end. As of March 31, 2023, we had remaining capacity of $469.1 million for
FHLB borrowings, with a $18.6 million additional stock purchase requirement to
allow the member companies to borrow their remaining capacity amounts.

Short-term Borrowings
We did not make any short-term borrowings from FHLB branches during First
Quarter 2023. For information on a short-term borrowing made on April 6, 2023,
see Note 14. "Subsequent Events" in Item 1. "Financial Statements" of this Form
10-Q.

Intercompany Loan Agreements
The Parent has lending agreements with the Indiana Subsidiaries approved by the
Indiana Department of Insurance that provide additional liquidity. Similar to
the Line of Credit, these lending agreements limit the Parent's borrowings from
the Indiana Subsidiaries to 10% of the admitted assets of the respective Indiana
Subsidiary. The outstanding balance on these intercompany loans was $40.0
million as of both March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022. The remaining capacity
under these intercompany loan agreements was $121.5 million as of both March 31,
2023, and December 31, 2022.

Capital Market Activities
The Parent had no private or public stock issuances during First Quarter 2023.
In addition, we had no common stock share repurchases during First Quarter 2023
under our existing share repurchase program. We had $84.2 million of remaining
capacity under our share repurchase program as of March 31, 2023. For additional
information on the share repurchase program, refer to Note 17. "Equity" in Item
8. "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." of our 2022 Annual Report.

Uses of Liquidity
The Parent's liquidity generated from the sources discussed above is used, among
other things, to pay dividends to our stockholders. Dividends on shares of the
Parent's common and preferred stock are declared and paid at the discretion of
the Board based on our operating results, financial condition, capital
requirements, contractual restrictions, and other relevant factors. On May 3,
2023, our Board declared:

•A quarterly cash dividend on common stock of $0.30 per common share that is
payable June 1, 2023, to holders of record on May 15, 2023; and
•A cash dividend of $287.50 per share on our 4.60% Non-Cumulative Preferred
Stock, Series B (equivalent to $0.28750 per depository share) payable on June
15, 2023, to holders of record as of May 31, 2023.

Our ability to meet our interest and principal repayment obligations on our debt
and our ability to continue to pay dividends to our stockholders is dependent on
(i) liquidity at the Parent, (ii) the ability of the Insurance Subsidiaries to
pay dividends, if necessary, and/or (iii) the availability of other sources of
liquidity to the Parent. Excluding the short-term borrowing described in Note
14. "Subsequent Events" in Item 1. "Financial Statements." of this Form 10-Q,
our next FHLB borrowing principal repayment is $60 million to FHLBI due on
December 16, 2026.

Restrictions on the ability of the Insurance Subsidiaries to declare and pay
dividends, without alternative liquidity options, could materially affect our
ability to service debt and pay dividends on common and preferred stock.
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Capital Resources
Capital resources ensure we can pay policyholder claims, furnish the financial
strength to support the business of underwriting insurance risks, and facilitate
continued business growth. At March 31, 2023, we had GAAP stockholders' equity
of $2.7 billion and statutory surplus of $2.5 billion. With total debt of
$504.2 million at March 31, 2023, our debt-to-capital ratio was 15.9%. For
additional information on our statutory surplus, see Note 22. "Statutory
Financial Information, Capital Requirements, and Restrictions on Dividends and
Transfers of Funds" in Item 8. "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." of
our 2022 Annual Report.

The following table summarizes certain contractual obligations we had at March
31, 2023, that may require us to invest additional amounts into our investment
portfolio, which we would fund primarily with operating cash flows.

                                                                                     Amount of
($ in millions)                                                             

Obligation

Alternative and other investments                                           

$ 239.6
Non-publicly traded collateralized loan obligations in our fixed income
securities portfolio

                                                                        94.7
Non-publicly traded common stock within our equity portfolio                                33.1
CMLs                                                                                         4.2
Privately-placed corporate securities                                                       20.4
Total                                                                            $         392.0



There is no certainty (i) that any such additional investments will be required,
and (ii) of the actual timing of the funding. We expect to have the capacity to
fund these commitments through our normal operating and investing activities as
they come due. Our current and long-term material cash requirements associated
with (i) loss and loss expense reserves, (ii) contractual obligations under
operating and financing leases for office space and equipment, and (iii) notes
payable, funded primarily with operating cash flows, have not materially changed
since December 31, 2022.

Our other cash requirements include, without limitation, dividends to
stockholders, capital expenditures, and other operating expenses, including
commissions to our distribution partners, labor costs, premium taxes, general
and administrative expenses, and income taxes.


As of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, we had no (i) material guarantees
on behalf of others and trading activities involving non-exchange traded
contracts accounted for at fair value, (ii) material transactions with related
parties other than those disclosed in Note 18. "Related Party Transactions" in
Item 8. "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." of our 2022 Annual
Report, and (iii) material relationships with unconsolidated entities or
financial partnerships, such as structured finance or special purpose entities,
established to facilitate off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually
narrow or limited purposes. Consequently, we are not exposed to any material
financing, liquidity, market, or credit risk related to off-balance sheet
arrangements.

We continually monitor our cash requirements and the capital resources we
maintain at the holding company and operating subsidiary levels. As part of our
long-term capital strategy, we strive to maintain capital metrics that support
our targeted financial strength relative to the macroeconomic environment. Based
on our analysis and market conditions, we may take a variety of actions,
including, without limitation, contributing capital to the Insurance
Subsidiaries, issuing additional debt and/or equity securities, repurchasing
existing debt, repurchasing shares of the Parent's common stock, and increasing
common stockholders' dividends.

Our capital management strategy is intended to protect the interests of the
policyholders of the Insurance Subsidiaries and our stockholders while enhancing
our financial strength and underwriting capacity. We have a profitable book of
business and solid capital base, positioning us well to take advantage of
potential market opportunities.

Book value per common share increased 6% to $40.82 as of March 31, 2023, from
$38.57 as of December 31, 2022, driven by $1.48 in net income available to
common stockholders per diluted common share and a $1.10 reduction in unrealized
losses on our fixed income securities portfolio, partially offset by $0.30 in
dividends to our common stockholders. The decrease in net unrealized losses on
our fixed income securities was primarily driven by a decrease in benchmark U.S.
Treasury rates. Our adjusted book value per share, which is book value per share
excluding total after-tax unrealized gains or losses on investments included in
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), increased to $46.61 as of March
31, 2023, from $45.49 as of December 31, 2022.

Cash Flows
Net cash provided by operating activities increased to $135.8 million in First
Quarter 2023, compared to $92.7 million in First
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Quarter 2022, primarily driven by lower levels of claim payments made in First
Quarter 2023 compared to First Quarter 2022. First Quarter 2022 included an
increased level of Flood claim payments related to Hurricane Ida.

Net cash used in investing activities increased to $98.2 million in First
Quarter 2023, compared to $95.9 million in First Quarter 2022, as a result of
investing more cash from operating activities. Operating cash flows during First
Quarter 2023 were 14% of NPW.

Net cash used in financing activities increased to $27.1 million in First
Quarter 2023, compared to $24.0 million in First Quarter 2022, primarily due to
increased dividends to our common stockholders and increased purchases of shares
from employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations associated with the
vesting of their restricted stock units.

Ratings

Our ratings remain the same as reported in our "Overview" section of Item 1.
"Business." of our 2022 Annual Report and are as follows:

                   NRSRO                          Financial Strength Rating        Outlook
AM Best Company                                              A+                    Stable
Moody's Investors Services                                   A2                    Stable
Fitch Ratings ("Fitch")                                      A+                    Stable
Standard & Poor's Global Ratings ("S&P")                      A             

Stable

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Fla. State Senate funds over $4B in hurricane recovery, resiliency plan

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