REPUBLIC BANCORP INC /KY/ – 10-Q – Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts ofRepublic Bancorp, Inc. (the "Parent Company") and its wholly-owned subsidiaries,Republic Bank & Trust Company andRepublic Insurance Services, Inc. As used in this filing, the terms "Republic," the "Company," "we," "our," and "us" refer toRepublic Bancorp, Inc. , and, where the context requires,Republic Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiaries. The term the "Bank" refers to the Company's subsidiary bank:Republic Bank & Trust Company . The term the "Captive" refers to the Company's insurance subsidiary:Republic Insurance Services, Inc. All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Republic is a financial holding company headquartered inLouisville, Kentucky . The Bank is aKentucky -based, state-chartered non-member financial institution that provides both traditional and non-traditional banking products through five reportable segments using a multitude of delivery channels. While the Bank operates primarily in its market footprint, its non-brick-and-mortar delivery channels allow it to reach clients across theU.S. The Captive is aNevada -based, wholly-owned insurance subsidiary of the Company. The Captive provides property and casualty insurance coverage to the Company and the Bank as well, as a group of third-party insurance captives for which insurance may not be available or economically feasible.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations of Republic should be read in conjunction with Part I Item 1
"Financial Statements."
Forward-looking statements discuss matters that are not historical facts. As forward-looking statements discuss future events or conditions, the statements often include words such as "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "plan," "project," "target," "can," "could," "may," "should," "will," "would," "potential," or similar expressions. Do not rely on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements detail management's expectations regarding the future and are not guarantees. Forward-looking statements are assumptions based on information known to management only as of the date the statements are made and management undertakes no obligation to update forward-looking statements, except as required by applicable law.
Broadly speaking, forward-looking statements include:
? the potential impact of the COVID pandemic on Company operations;
? the potential impact of inflation on Company operations;
? projections of revenue, income, expenses, losses, earnings per share, capital
expenditures, dividends, capital structure, or other financial items;
? descriptions of plans or objectives for future operations, products, or
services;
? descriptions and projections related to management strategies for loans,
deposits, investments, and borrowings;
? forecasts of future economic performance; and
? descriptions of assumptions underlying or relating to any of the foregoing.
Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied as a result of certain risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to the following:
? the impact of the COVID pandemic on the Company's operations and credit losses;
? the impact of inflation on the Company's operations and credit losses;
litigation liabilities, including related costs, expenses, settlements and
? judgments, or the outcome of matters before regulatory agencies, whether
pending or commencing in the future;
? natural disasters impacting the Company's operations;
? changes in political and economic conditions;
? the discontinuation of LIBOR;
? the magnitude and frequency of changes to the FFTR implemented by the
the FRB;
long-term and short-term interest rate fluctuations and the overall steepness
? of the
interest income and Mortgage Banking operations;
? competitive product and pricing pressures in each of the Company's five
reportable segments;
? equity and fixed income market fluctuations;
? client bankruptcies and loan defaults;
? recession; 68 Table of Contents ? future acquisitions;
? integrations of acquired businesses;
? changes in technology;
? changes in applicable laws and regulations or the interpretation and
enforcement thereof;
? changes in fiscal, monetary, regulatory, and tax policies;
? changes in accounting standards;
? monetary fluctuations;
? changes to the Company's overall internal control environment;
? success in gaining regulatory approvals when required;
? the Company's ability to qualify for future R&D federal tax credits;
? information security breaches or cyber security attacks involving either the
Company or one of the Company's third-party service providers; and
other risks and uncertainties reported from time to time in the Company's
? filings with the
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
Item 1A "Risk Factors" of the current filing.
Accounting Standards Update
For disclosure regarding the impact to the Company's financial statements of
ASUs, see Footnote 1 "Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant
Accounting Policies" of Part I Item 1 "Financial Statements."
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Republic's consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported periods. A summary of the Company's significant accounting policies is set forth in Part II "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2021 . Management continually evaluates the Company's accounting policies and estimates that it uses to prepare the consolidated financial statements. In general, management's estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience, accounting and regulatory guidance, and information obtained from independent third-party professionals. Actual results may differ from those estimates made by management. Critical accounting policies are those that management believes are the most important to the portrayal of the Company's financial condition and operating results and require management to make estimates that are difficult, subjective, and complex. Most accounting policies are not considered by management to be critical accounting policies. Several factors are considered in determining whether or not a policy is critical in the preparation of the financial statements. These factors include, among other things, whether the estimates have a significant impact on the financial statements, the nature of the estimates, the ability to readily validate the estimates with other information including independent third parties or available pricing, sensitivity of the estimates to changes in economic conditions, and whether alternative methods of accounting may be utilized under GAAP. Management has discussed each critical accounting policy and the methodology for the identification and determination of critical accounting policies with the Company's Audit Committee.
Republic believes its critical accounting policies and estimates relate to its
ACLL and Provision.
ACLL and Provision - As ofJune 30, 2022 , the Bank maintained an ACLL for expected credit losses inherent in the Bank's loan portfolio, which includes overdrawn deposit accounts. Management evaluates the adequacy of the ACLL monthly and presents and discusses the ACLL with the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors quarterly. Management's evaluation of the appropriateness of the ACLL is often the most critical accounting estimate for a financial institution, as the ACLL requires significant reliance on the use of estimates and significant judgment as to the reliance on historical loss rates, consideration of quantitative and qualitative economic factors, and the reliance on a reasonable and supportable forecast. 69 Table of Contents Adjustments to the historical loss rate for current conditions include differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix or term, delinquency level, as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in property values or other relevant factors. One-year forecast adjustments to the historical loss rate are based on theU.S. national unemployment rate and CRE values. Subsequent to the one-year forecasts, loss rates are assumed to immediately revert back to long-term historical averages. The ACLL is significantly influenced by the composition, characteristics and quality of the Company's loan portfolio, as well as the prevailing economic conditions and forecasts utilized. Material changes to these and other relevant factors may result in greater volatility to the ACLL, and therefore, greater volatility to the Company's reported earnings.
BUSINESS SEGMENT COMPOSITION
As ofJune 30, 2022 , the Company was divided into five reportable segments: Traditional Banking, Warehouse, Mortgage Banking, TRS, and RCS. Management considers the first three segments to collectively constitute "Core Bank " or "Core Banking" operations, while the last two segments collectively constitute RPG operations.
(I) Traditional Banking segment
The Traditional Banking segment provides traditional banking products primarily to customers in the Company's market footprint. As ofJune 30, 2022 , Republic had 42 full-service banking centers with locations as follows:
?
? Metropolitan
?Central Kentucky - 7 ?Georgetown - 1 ?Lexington - 5 ?Shelbyville - 1 ?Northern Kentucky - 3 ?Covington - 1 ?Crestview Hills - 1 ? Florence - 1 ?Southern Indiana - 3 ?Floyds Knobs - 1 ?Jeffersonville - 1 ?New Albany - 1
?
?
? Metropolitan
Republic's headquarters are in
based on population.
The Bank's principal lending activities consist of the following:
Retail Mortgage Lending - Through its retail banking centers and its online Consumer Direct channel, the Bank originates single-family, residential real estate loans and HELOCs. In addition, the Bank originates HEALs through its retail banking centers. Such loans are generally collateralized by owner-occupied, residential real estate properties. For those loans originated through the Bank's retail banking centers, the collateral is predominately located in the Bank's market footprint, while loans originated through its Consumer Direct channel are generally secured by owner occupied-collateral located outside of the Bank's market footprint.
Commercial Lending - The Bank conducts commercial lending activities primarily
through Corporate Banking, Commercial Banking, Business Banking, and Retail
Banking channels.
In general, commercial lending credit approvals and processing are prepared and underwritten through the Bank'sCommercial Credit Administration Department . Clients are generally located within the Bank's market footprint or in areas nearby the market footprint. 70
Table of Contents
Construction and Land Development Lending - The Bank originates business loans for the construction of both single-family, residential properties and commercial properties (apartment complexes, shopping centers, office buildings). While not a focus for the Bank, the Bank may originate loans for the acquisition and development of residential or commercial land into buildable lots. Consumer Lending - Traditional Banking consumer loans made by the Bank include home improvement and home equity loans, other secured and unsecured personal loans, and credit cards. Except for home equity loans, which are actively marketed in conjunction with single family, first lien residential real estate loans, other Traditional Banking consumer loan products (not including products offered through RPG), while available, are not and have not been actively promoted in the Bank's markets. Aircraft Lending - InOctober 2017 , the Bank created an Aircraft Lending division. Aircraft loans are typically made to purchase or refinance personal aircrafts, along with engine overhauls and avionic upgrades. Loans range between$55,000 and$3,000,000 in size and have terms up to 20 years. The aircraft loan program is open to all states, except forAlaska andHawaii . The credit characteristics of an aircraft borrower are higher than a typical consumer in that they must demonstrate and indicate a higher degree of credit worthiness for approval.
The Bank's other Traditional Banking activities generally consist of the
following:
Private Banking - The Bank provides financial products and services to high-net-worth individuals through its Private Banking department. The Bank's Private Banking officers have extensive banking experience and are trained to meet the unique financial needs of this clientele. Treasury Management Services - The Bank provides various deposit products designed for commercial business clients located throughout its market footprint. Lockbox processing, remote deposit capture, business on-line banking, account reconciliation, and ACH processing are additional services offered to commercial businesses through the Bank's Treasury Management department. Treasury Management officers work closely with commercial and retail officers to support the cash management needs of Bank clients. Digital Experience - The Bank expands its market penetration and service delivery of its RB&T brand by offering clients Internet Banking services and products through its website, www.republicbank.com. The Bank allows clients to easily and securely access and manage their accounts through its mobile banking application.
Other Banking Services - The Bank also provides title insurance and other
financial institution related products and services.
Bank Acquisitions - The Bank maintains an acquisition strategy to selectively
grow its franchise as a complement to its organic growth strategies.
See additional detail regarding the Traditional Banking segment under Footnote
16 "Segment Information" of Part I Item 1 "Financial Statements."
(II) Warehouse Lending segment
TheCore Bank provides short-term, revolving credit facilities to mortgage bankers acrossthe United States through mortgage warehouse lines of credit. These credit facilities are primarily secured by single-family, first-lien residential real estate loans. The credit facility enables the mortgage banking clients to close single-family, first-lien residential real estate loans in their own name and temporarily fund their inventory of these closed loans until the loans are sold to investors approved by the Bank. Individual loans are expected to remain on the warehouse line for an average of 15 to 30 days. Reverse mortgage loans typically remain on the line longer than conventional mortgage loans. Interest income and loan fees are accrued for each individual loan during the time the loan remains on the warehouse line and collected when the loan is sold. TheCore Bank receives the sale proceeds of each loan directly from the investor and applies the funds to pay off the warehouse advance and related accrued interest and fees. The remaining proceeds are credited to the mortgage-banking client.
See additional detail regarding the Warehouse Lending segment under Footnote 16
"Segment Information" of Part I Item 1 "Financial Statements."
71
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(III) Mortgage Banking segment
Mortgage Banking activities primarily include 15-, 20- and 30-year fixed-term single-family, first-lien residential real estate loans that are originated and sold into the secondary market, primarily to the FHLMC and theFNMA . The Bank typically retains servicing on loans sold into the secondary market for loans generated in states within its footprint and generally sells servicing for loans generated in states outside of its footprint. Administration of loans with servicing retained by the Bank includes collecting principal and interest payments, escrowing funds for property taxes and property insurance, and remitting payments to secondary market investors. The Bank receives fees for performing these standard servicing functions. See additional detail regarding the Mortgage Banking segment under Footnote 11 "Mortgage Banking Activities" and Footnote 16 "Segment Information" of Part I Item 1 "Financial Statements."
(IV) Tax Refund Solutions segment
Through the TRS segment, the Bank is one of a limited number of financial institutions that facilitates the receipt and payment of federal and state tax refund products and offers a credit product through third-party tax preparers located throughout theU.S. , as well as tax-preparation software providers (collectively, the "Tax Providers"). Substantially all of the business generated by the TRS business occurs during the first half of each year. During the second half of each year, TRS generates limited revenue and incurs costs preparing for the next year's tax season. RTs are fee-based products whereby a tax refund is issued to the taxpayer after the Bank has received the refund from the federal or state government. There is no credit risk or borrowing cost associated with these products because they are only delivered to the taxpayer upon receipt of the tax refund directly from the governmental paying authority. Fees earned by the Company on RTs, net of revenue share, are reported as noninterest income under the line item "Net refund transfer fees."
The EA tax credit product is a loan that allows a taxpayer to borrow funds as an
advance of a portion of their tax refund. The EA product had the following
features during 2022 and 2021:
? Offered only during the first two months of each year;
? The taxpayer was given the option to choose from multiple loan-amount tiers,
subject to underwriting, up to a maximum advance amount of
? No requirement that the taxpayer pays for another bank product, such as an RT;
? Multiple funds disbursement methods, including a DDA Card, direct deposit,
prepaid card, or check, based on the taxpayer-customer's election;
? Repayment of the EA to the Bank is deducted from the taxpayer's tax refund
proceeds; and
? If an insufficient refund to repay the EA occurs:
o there is no recourse to the taxpayer,
o no negative credit reporting on the taxpayer, and
o no collection efforts against the taxpayer.
The Company reports fees paid for the EA product as interest income on loans. During 2021, EAs were repaid, on average, within 32 days after the taxpayer's tax return was submitted to the applicable taxing authority. EAs do not have a contractual due date but the Company considered an EA delinquent in 2022 and 2021 if it remained unpaid 35 days after the taxpayer's tax return was submitted to the applicable taxing authority. The number of days for delinquency eligibility is based on management's annual analysis of tax return processing times. Provisions on EAs are estimated when advances are made. Unpaid EAs are charged-off byJune 30th of each year, with EAs collected during the second half of each year are recorded as recoveries of previously charged-off loans unless such recovery is subject to guarantor reimbursement under a loan-loss guaranty. Related to the overall credit losses on EAs, the Bank's ability to control losses is highly dependent upon its ability to predict the taxpayer's likelihood to receive the tax refund as claimed on the taxpayer's tax return. Each year, the Bank's EA approval model is based primarily on the prior-year's tax refund payment patterns. Because the substantial majority of the EA volume occurs each year before that year's tax refund payment patterns can be analyzed and subsequent underwriting changes made, credit losses during a current year could be higher than management's predictions if tax refund payment patterns change materially between years. In response to changes in the legal, regulatory, and competitive environment, management annually reviews and revises the EAs product parameters. Further changes in EA product parameters do not ensure positive results and could have an overall material 72 Table of Contents
negative impact on the performance of the EA product offering and therefore on
the Company's financial condition and results of operations.
See additional detail regarding the EA product under Footnote 4 "Loans and
Allowance for Credit Losses" of Part I Item 1 "Financial Statements."
Settlement of Lawsuit Against Green Dot - OnJune 3, 2022 , the Bank and Green Dot entered into the Settlement Agreement to fully resolve the Lawsuit that the Bank filed against Green Dot in theDelaware Court of Chancery onOctober 5, 2021 .
As previously disclosed in the Company's prior
from Green Dot's inability to consummate the Sale
Transaction contemplated in the TRS Purchase Agreement through which Green Dot
would purchase all of the assets and operations of the Bank's Tax Refund
Solutions business.
In accordance with the Settlement Agreement, onJune 6, 2022 , Green Dot paid$13 million to the Bank, which was in addition to a$5 million termination fee that Green Dot paid to the Bank during the first quarter of 2022 under the terms of the TRS Purchase Agreement. OnJune 6, 2022 , the Bank and Green Dot submitted to theDelaware Court of Chancery a stipulation of dismissal of the Lawsuit, which was effective to dismiss the Lawsuit when filed.
Republic Payment Solutions division
RPS is currently managed and operated within the TRS segment. The RPS division offers general-purpose reloadable prepaid cards, payroll debit cards, and limited-purpose demand deposit accounts with linked debit cards as an issuing bank through third-party service providers. For the projected near-term, as the prepaid card program matures, the operating results of the RPS division are expected to be immaterial to the Company's overall results of operations and will be reported as part of the TRS segment. The RPS division will not be considered a separate reportable segment until such time, if any, that it meets quantitative reporting thresholds.
The Company reports fees related to RPS programs under Program fees.
Additionally, the Company's portion of interchange revenue generated by prepaid
card transactions is reported as noninterest income under "Interchange fee
income."
(V) Republic Credit Solutions segment
RepublicCredit Solutions segment - Through the RCS segment, the Bank offers consumer credit products. In general, the credit products are unsecured, small dollar consumer loans that are dependent on various factors. RCS loans typically earn a higher yield but also have higher credit risk compared to loans originated through the Traditional Banking segment, with a significant portion of RCS clients considered subprime or near-prime borrowers. The Bank uses third-party service providers for certain services such as marketing and loan servicing of RCS loans. Additional information regarding consumer loan products offered through RCS follows:
RCS line-of-credit products - Using separate third-party service providers, the
Bank originates two line-of-credit products to generally subprime borrowers in
? multiple states. The first of these two products (the "LOC I") has been
originated by the Bank since 2014. The second (the "LOC II") was introduced in
RCS's LOC I represented the substantial majority of RCS activity during 2022
and 2021.
third-party service providers for the product and are subject to the Bank's
oversight and supervision. Together, these companies provide the Bank with
o certain marketing, servicing, technology, and support services, while a
separate third party provides customer support, servicing, and other services
on the Bank's behalf. The Bank is the lender for this product and is marketed
as such. Further, the Bank controls the loan terms and underwriting guidelines,
and the Bank exercises consumer compliance oversight of the product.
The Bank sells participation interests in this product. These participation interests are a 90% interest in advances made to borrowers under the borrower's line-of-credit account, and the participation interests are generally sold three business days following the Bank's funding of the associated advances. Although the Bank retains a 10% participation interest in each advance, it maintains 100% ownership of the underlying LOC I account with each borrower. Loan balances held for sale through this program are carried at the lower of cost or fair value.
In
o RCS's existing third-party service providers, subject to the Bank's oversight
and supervision, provides the Bank with marketing services and loan 73 Table of Contents
servicing for the LOC II product. The Bank is the lender for this product and is
marketed as such. Furthermore, the Bank controls the loan terms and underwriting
guidelines, and the Bank exercises consumer compliance oversight of this
product.
The Bank sells participation interests in this product. These participation interests are a 95% interest in advances made to borrowers under the borrower's line-of-credit account, and the participation interests are generally sold three business days following the Bank's funding of the associated advances. Although the Bank retains a 5% participation interest in each advance, it maintains 100% ownership of the underlyingLOC II account with each borrower. Loan balances held for sale through this program are carried at the lower of cost or fair value.
RCS installment loan product - In
offering installment loans with terms ranging from 12 to 60 months to borrowers
in multiple states. The same third-party service provider for RCS's
the third-party provider for the installment loans. This third-party provider
is subject to the Bank's oversight and supervision and provides the Bank with
marketing services and loan servicing for these RCS installment loans. The Bank
is the lender for these RCS installment loans and is marketed as such.
? Furthermore, the Bank controls the loan terms and underwriting guidelines, and
the Bank exercises consumer compliance oversight of this RCS installment loan
product. Currently, all loan balances originated under this RCS installment
loan program are carried as "held for sale" on the Bank's balance sheet, with
the intention to sell these loans to a third-party, who is an affiliate of the
Bank's third-party service provider, generally within sixteen days following
the Bank's origination of the loans. Loans originated under this RCS
installment loan program are carried at fair value under a fair-value option,
with the portfolio marked to market monthly. RCS healthcare receivables products - The Bank originates healthcare-receivables products across theU.S. through two different
third-party service providers. In one program, the Bank retains 100% of the
? receivables originated. In the other program, the Bank retains 100% of the
receivables originated in some instances, and in other instances, sells 100% of
the receivables within one month of origination. Loan balances held for sale
through this program are carried at the lower of cost or fair value.
The Company reports interest income and loan origination fees earned on RCS
loans under "Loans, including fees," while any gains or losses on sale and
mark-to-market adjustments of RCS loans are reported as noninterest income under
"Program fees."
OVERVIEW (Three Months Ended
30, 2021
Total Company net income for the second quarter of 2022 was$23.9 million , equaling net income for the same period in 2021. Diluted EPS increased to$1.20 for the second quarter of 2022 compared to$1.16 for the same period in 2021. The consistent net income primarily reflected the following:
? The benefit of a
? An
? A
? A
Compared to the second quarter of 2022, the second quarter of 2021 was
significantly and positively impacted by significantly lower than expected
losses on EA loans, strong fee income from the PPP, and higher demand for
mortgage refinancing, driving strong mortgage banking income.
The following are general highlights by reportable segment:
Traditional Banking segment
? Net income decreased
to the same period in 2021.
? Net interest income increased
compared to the same period in 2021.
74 Table of Contents
? Provision was a net charge of
to a net credit of
? Noninterest income decreased
2022 compared to the same period in 2021.
? Noninterest expense increased
2022 compared to the same period in 2021.
Warehouse Lending segment
? Net income decreased
compared to the same period in 2021.
? Net interest income decreased
2022 compared to the same period in 2021.
? The Warehouse Provision was a net credit of
2022 compared to a net credit of
? Average committed Warehouse lines remained at
quarter of 2022 compared to the second quarter of 2021.
? Average line usage was 41% during the second quarter of 2022 compared to 51%
during the same period in 2021.
Mortgage Banking segment
Within the Mortgage Banking segment, mortgage banking income decreased
? million, or 58%, during the second quarter of 2022 compared to the same period
in 2021.
Overall, Republic's proceeds from sale of secondary market loans totaled
? million during the second quarter of 2022 compared to
same period in 2021, with the Company's cash-gain-as-a-percent-of-loans-sold
remaining at 2.85% from period to period.
Tax Refund Solutions segment
? Net income increased
compared to the same period in 2021.
? Net interest income increased
2022 compared to the same period in 2021.
Overall, TRS recorded a net charge to the Provision of
? second quarter of 2022 compared to a net credit to the Provision of
million for the same period in 2021.
Noninterest income increased
? compared to the same period in 2021. Noninterest income for the second quarter
of 2022 included the receipt of a
payment.
? Net RT revenue decreased
to the same period in 2021.
? Noninterest expense was
TRS had multiple factors during 2021 and 2022 that impacted and will continue to impact its 2022 performance and the comparability of that performance to the same periods in 2021. By year, these factors discussed below include, but may not be limited to, the following:
2021
1) The start of the
later than a typical tax season; and
The Company believes stimulus programs from the Federal Government and
2) pandemic-related restrictions during early 2021 negatively impacted demand for TRS's RT and EA products. 75 Table of Contents 2022
TRS amended one of its existing third-party contracts to provide for a small
1) revenue share from Republic to the third party, along with a cap on loan
losses from the third party to Republic for all EA products originated through
this provider;
2) TRS experienced a loss of RT and EA product volume to Green Dot directly
following the execution of the TRS Purchase Agreement;
Although to a lesser degree than in the 2021 tax season, Company management
3) believes stimulus programs from the Federal Government during the latter half
of 2021 negatively impacted the 2022 tax season;
4) The Bank received a
following the cancellation of the Sales Transaction; and
5) The Bank received a
As it relates to factors impacting 2021, the processing season with theIRS started approximately two weeks later than normal. As a result, RT funding volume and loan repayments from theIRS lagged normal funding patterns in non-COVID-impacted years and effectively pushed RT revenue and loan recovery activity later into the 2021 calendar year. In addition, government stimulus programs during 2021 negatively impacted demand for TRS EA and RT products. Conversely, the timing of theIRS tax season during the second quarter of 2022 was more in-line with non-COVID seasons than the second quarter of 2021. As a result, the Company believes that it likely received an unusually high percentage of its funded RT volume in the second quarter of 2021 as compared to 2022, and that it likely received an unusually high percentage of its EA loan repayments in the second quarter of 2021 as compared to 2022. This estimated timing, if correct, generally provided less favorable second quarter 2022 results for TRS as compared to the second quarter of 2021, and will likely provide for less favorable quarterly comparisons throughout the remainder of 2022 as compared to 2021. In addition to the more normal timing of the tax season in 2022 as compared to 2021, the 2022 tax season was also favorably impacted by a contractual change with one of the Company's large Tax Providers. As a result of the amended contract, TRS provides this tax provider a revenue share, while this tax provider covers certain overhead costs of the program and furnishes to RB&T a loan loss guaranty for EAs originated through this provider. Through this specific provider, TRS originated$172 million of EAs during the first quarter of 2022 as compared to$135 million originated during the first quarter of 2021. The net cost of the revenue share to the provider from RB&T was approximately$275,000 for the$172 million of EA volume. Negatively impacting the second quarter 2022 tax season as compared to the second quarter of 2021 was a loss of RT and EA volume by RB&T to Green Dot from certain third-party Tax Providers following the execution of the TRS Purchase Agreement. While TRS was able to partially offset this lost volume through higher volume from other existing relationships, the loss of volume to Green Dot had a negative impact to the overall results of TRS for 2022 and may continue to have a negative impact to the overall results of TRS well into the future if TRS is unable to win this business back through its normal solicitation process. As a net result of all the factors in the preceding paragraphs and excluding the receipt of a nonrecurring$13 million legal settlement payment, TRS experienced a significant net decrease to its second quarter 2022 tax results as compared to the first quarter of 2021. Management believes TRS's results of operations, and more specifically RT revenue and net recoveries for previously charged-off EAs for the remainder of 2022, will likely be negative as compared to the same periods in 2021.
Republic
? Net income decreased
to the same period in 2021.
? Net interest income increased
2022 compared to the same period in 2021.
Overall, RCS recorded a net charge to the Provision of
? second quarter of 2022 compared to a net charge of$1.6 million for the same period in 2021. 76 Table of Contents
? Noninterest income increased
to the second quarter of 2022.
? Noninterest expense was
million for the same period in 2021.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Three Months Ended
Ended
Net Interest Income Banking operations are significantly dependent upon net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets, such as loans and investment securities and the interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities used to fund those assets, such as interest-bearing deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and FHLB advances. Net interest income is impacted by both changes in the amount and composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as market interest rates.
See the section titled "Asset/Liability Management and Market Risk" in this
section of the filing regarding the Bank's interest rate sensitivity.
A large amount of the Company's financial instruments track closely with, or are primarily indexed to, either the FFTR, Prime, or LIBOR. These rates trended lower with the onset of the COVID pandemic, as theFOMC reduced the FFTR to approximately 25 basis points during 2020. With the rise of inflation during the latter half of 2021 and a steep inflationary rise during the first half of 2022, representing inflationary levels not seen in approximately 40 years, theFOMC began executing a quantitative tightening program by reducing its balance sheet, selling certain types of bonds in the market, and repeatedly increasing the FFTR. The increases to the FFTR included a 25-basis-point increase inMarch 2022 , another 50-basis-point increase inMay 2022 , and another 75-basis-point increase inJune 2022 (the highest one-time increase in 28 years). TheFOMC also increased the FFTR by another 75 basis points inJuly 2022 . Along with these increases, theFOMC continued to signal that additional 2022 FFTR increases are likely. TheFOMC's actions and signals continued to place upward pressure on long-term market interest rates for bonds and loans during the second quarter of 2022. Further monetary tightening by theFederal Reserve in the future will likely cause both short-term and long-term market interest rates to increase during the remainder of 2022. Increases in market interest rates are expected to impact the various business segments of the Company differently and will be discussed in further detail in the sections below.Total Company net interest income was$51.2 million during the second quarter of 2022 and represented an increase of$928,000 , or 2%, from the second quarter of 2021.Total Company net interest margin increased to 3.51% during the second quarter of 2022 compared to 3.33% for the same period in 2021.
The following were the most significant components affecting the Company's net
interest income by reportable segment:
Traditional Banking segment
The Traditional Banking's net interest income increased
second quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. Traditional
Banking's net interest margin was 3.06% for the second quarter of 2022, an
increase of nine basis points from the same period in 2021.
The increase in the
margin during the second quarter of 2022 was primarily attributable to the
following factors:
increased
non-PPP loans at the
quarter of 2021 to
? increases in the FFTR during 2022 have benefitted the
level of interest-earning cash on its balance sheet, as well as its loan and
investment portfolio yields, although to a lesser degree. As a result, the
20 basis points from the second quarter of 2021 to the second quarter of 2022.
Offsetting the above increase, the
and interest on its PPP portfolio during the second quarter of 2022 compared to
? The
short-term nature of the PPP, as approximately 97% of all fees and interest
eligible to be recognized under the program by theTraditional Bank were recognized during 2020 and 2021. 77 Table of Contents
Table 1 - Traditional Bank Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin Excluding
PPP (Non-GAAP)
The Company earns fees and a coupon interest rate of 1.0% on its PPP portfolio. Due to the short-term nature of the PPP, management believesTraditional Bank net interest income excluding PPP fees and coupon interest is a more appropriate measure to analyze the performance of theTraditional Bank's net interest income and net interest margin. The following table reconcilesTraditional Bank net interest income and net interest margin toTraditional Bank net interest income and net interest margin excluding PPP fees and interest, a non-GAAP measure. Net Interest Income Interest-Earning Assets Net Interest Margin Three Months EndedJun. 30 , Three Months EndedJun. 30 , Three Months EndedJun. 30 , (dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 $ Change % Change 2022 2021 $ Change % Change 2022 2021 % Change Traditional Banking - GAAP$ 39,158 $ 38,278 $ 880 2 %$ 5,121,492 $ 5,149,602 $ (28,110) (1) % 3.06 % 2.97 % 0.09 %
Less: Impact of PPP fees and interest 167 4,582 (4,415) (96) 16,668 349,643 (332,975) (95) - 0.16
(0.16)
Traditional Banking ex PPP fees and interest - non-GAAP
$ 33,696 $ 5,295 16$ 5,104,824 $ 4,799,959 $ 304,865 6 3.06 2.81 0.25 As previously disclosed, both short-term and long-term market interest rates are expected to continue increasing during the remainder of 2022 as a result of expected monetary tightening by theFOMC . Additional increases in short-term interest rates and overall market rates are generally believed by management to be favorable to theTraditional Bank's net interest income and net interest margin in the near term, while decreases in short-term interest rates and overall market rates are generally believed by management to be unfavorable to theTraditional Bank's net interest income and net interest margin in the near term. Increases in market interest rates, however, could have a negative impact on net interest income and net interest margin if theTraditional Bank is unable to maintain its deposit balances and the cost of those deposits at the levels assumed in its interest-rate-risk model. In addition, a flattening or inversion of the yield curve, causing the spread between long-term interest rates and short-term interest rates to decrease, could negatively impact theTraditional Bank's net interest income and net interest margin. Variables which may impact theTraditional Bank's net interest income and net interest margin in the future include, but are not limited to, the actual steepness of the yield curve, future demand for theTraditional Bank's financial products and theTraditional Bank's overall future liquidity needs.
Warehouse Lending segment
Net interest income within the Warehouse segment decreased$2.4 million , or 39%, from the second quarter of 2021 to the second quarter of 2022, driven by decreases in both average outstanding balances and net interest margin. Overall average outstanding Warehouse balances declined from$727 million during the second quarter of 2021 to$579 million for the second quarter of 2022, as home-mortgage refinancing dipped from historically high volume in early 2021. The Warehouse net interest margin compressed 79 basis points from 3.48% during the second quarter of 2021 to 2.69% during the second quarter of 2022, as competitive forces began driving down the contractual interest rates on theCompany's Warehouse lines during the third quarter of 2021. In general, the decline in net interest income within Warehouse Lending was driven largely by a sharp rise in long-term interest rates during the first half of 2022, which led to a decrease in mortgage refinancing demand, a sharp drop in Warehouse line usage, and an overall decrease in outstanding Warehouse balances. In addition, Warehouse's net interest margin was negatively impacted during the second quarter of 2022, as many adjustable rate Warehouse lines remained below their interest rate floors. These interest rate floors, which benefitted Warehouse's net interest margin significantly during 2020 and 2021 when market rates declined to historical lows, negatively impacted its net interest margin during the first half of 2022, as its cost of funding rose while its loan yield remained relatively stable. The negative impact of these floors is expected to diminish in the near term as interest rates on many Warehouse lines are expected to begin exceeding their floors during the third quarter of 2022, assuming projected FFTR increases, currently projected by the financial markets, come to fruition.Committed Warehouse lines-of-credit remained at$1.4 billion fromJune 30, 2021 toJune 30, 2022 , while average usage rates for Warehouse lines were 41% and 51%, respectively, during the second quarters of 2022 and 2021. Additional increases in short-term interest rates and overall market rates are generally believed by management to be favorable to Warehouse's net interest income and net interest margin in the near term, however, the benefit of an increase in rates could be partially or entirely offset by a reduction in average outstanding balances driven by a decline in demand from Warehouse clients, as higher long-term interest rates generally drive lower demand for Warehouse borrowings. In addition, a lower demand for Warehouse 78
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borrowings could cause additional competitive pricing pressures for the
industry, driving down the yield Warehouse earns on its lines of credits.
Tax Refund Solutions segment
TRS's net interest income increased$1.0 million for the second quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, driven by an increase in outstanding commercial loan balances and an increase in interest income on TRS's prepaid card balances as a function of the Company's FTP methodology and a rise in interest rates. For factors affecting the comparison of the TRS results of operations for the second quarter of 2022 and the second quarter of 2021, see section titled "OVERVIEW (Three Months EndedJune 30, 2022 Compared to Three Months EndedJune 30, 2021 ) - Tax Refund Solutions."
Republic
RCS's net interest income increased
quarter of 2021 to the second quarter of 2022. The increase was driven primarily
by an increase in fee income from RCS's LOC products partially offset by a
decrease in interest income from RCS's hospital receivables.
RCS's LOC loan fees, which are recorded as interest income on loans, increased to$5.8 million during the second quarter of 2022 compared to$3.8 million during the same period in 2021. Interest income on RCS's LOC I product increased$1.1 million , driven by a$6 million increase in average outstanding balances for this product from the second quarter of 2021 to the second quarter of 2022. Interest income on RCS'sLOC II product increased$855,000 , as the Company first piloted this product during the first quarter of 2021 with limited outstanding balances during the pilot phase.
Interest income from RCS's hospital receivables decreased
second quarter of 2021 to the second quarter of 2022 resulting from a
million
Overall product demand for the RCS segment is not assumed to be interest rate sensitive and therefore management does not believe a rising interest rate environment will impact demand for its various consumer loan products. A rising interest rate environment, however, likely will impact the Company's internal FTP cost allocated to this segment. As a result, the impact of rising interest rates to RCS during 2022 will be negative to the segment's financial results, although the exact amount of the negative impact will depend on the internal FTP cost assigned, as well as, the overall volume and mix of loans it generates. 79 Table of Contents
Table 2 - Total Company Average Balance Sheets and Interest Rates
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 Average Average Average Average (dollars in thousands) Balance Interest Rate Balance Interest Rate ASSETS Interest-earning assets: Federal funds sold and other interest-earning deposits$ 813,956 $ 1,638 0.80 %$ 938,728 $ 262 0.11 % Investment securities, including FHLB stock (1) 691,427 2,766 1.60 562,509 1,913 1.36 TRS Easy Advance loans (2) 12,680 81 2.56 17,220 294 6.83 RCS LOC products (2) 27,119 5,782 85.28 16,462 3,837 93.23 Other RPG loans (3) (7) 91,007 1,387 6.10 105,217 1,190 4.52Outstanding Warehouse lines of credit (4) (7) 578,676 5,074 3.51 727,091 6,824 3.75 Paycheck Protection Program loans (5) (7) 16,668 167 4.01 349,643 4,582 5.24 All other Core Bank loans (6) (7) 3,613,282 35,425 3.92 3,331,114 32,913 3.95 Total interest-earning assets 5,844,815 52,320 3.58 6,047,984 51,815 3.43 Allowance for credit losses (72,037) (74,258) Noninterest-earning assets: Noninterest-earning cash and cash equivalents 172,382 144,327 Premises and equipment, net 34,322 39,119 Bank owned life insurance 100,152 97,257 Other assets (1) 164,090 186,133 Total assets$ 6,243,724 $ 6,440,562
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Interest-bearing liabilities: Transaction accounts$ 1,698,754 $ 168
0.04 %
Money market accounts
788,534 168 0.09 773,838 93 0.05 Time deposits 233,644 575 0.98 303,468 930 1.23 Reciprocal money market and time deposits 59,009 34 0.23 319,509 206 0.26 Brokered deposits - - - 23,632 2 0.03
Total interest-bearing deposits 2,779,941 945
0.14 3,020,168 1,324 0.18 SSUARs and other short-term borrowings 294,388 49 0.07 169,888 8 0.02
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 20,000 94 1.88 25,000 10 0.16 Subordinated note - - - 41,240 169 1.64 Total interest-bearing liabilities 3,094,329 1,088 0.14 3,256,296 1,511 0.19 Noninterest-bearing liabilities and Stockholders' equity: Noninterest-bearing deposits 2,197,300 2,226,070 Other liabilities 100,937 108,891 Stockholders' equity 851,158 849,305 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$ 6,243,724 $ 6,440,562 Net interest income$ 51,232 $ 50,304 Net interest spread 3.44 % 3.24 % Net interest margin 3.51 % 3.33 %
(1) For the purpose of this calculation, the fair market value adjustment on debt
securities is included as a component of other assets.
(2) Interest income for Easy Advances and RCS line-of-credit products is composed
entirely of loan fees.
(3) Interest income includes loan fees of
ended
(4) Interest income includes loan fees of
months ended
(5) Interest income includes loan fees of
months ended
(6) Interest income includes loan fees of
months ended
Average balances for loans include the principal balance of nonaccrual loans
(7) and loans held for sale, and are inclusive of all loan premiums, discounts,
fees and costs. 80 Table of Contents Table 3 illustrates the extent to which changes in interest rates and changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities impacted Republic's interest income and interest expense during the periods indicated. Information is provided in each category with respect to (i) changes attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate), (ii) changes attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume), and (iii) net change. The changes attributable to the combined impact of volume and rate have been allocated proportionately to the changes due to volume and the changes due to rate.
Table 3 - Total Company Volume/Rate Variance Analysis
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 Total Net Increase / (Decrease) Due to (in thousands) Change Volume Rate Interest income: Federal funds sold and other interest-earning deposits$ 1,376 $ (39)$ 1,415 Investment securities, including FHLB stock 853 482 371 TRS Easy Advance loans* (213) 59 (272) RCS LOC products 1,945 2,297 (352) Other RPG loans 197 (176) 373Outstanding Warehouse lines of credit (1,750) (1,324) (426) Paycheck Protection Program loans (4,415) (3,540)
(875) All other Core Bank loans 2,512 2,768 (256) Net change in interest income 505 527 (22) Interest expense: Transaction accounts 75 6 69 Money market accounts 75 2 73 Time deposits (355) (191) (164) Reciprocal money market and time deposits (172) (152) (20) Brokered deposits (2) (2) - SSUARs and other short-term borrowings 41 9 32
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 84 (3) 87 Subordinated note (169) (169) - Net change in interest expense (423) (500) 77 Net change in net interest income$ 928 $ 1,027
* Since interest income for Easy Advances is composed entirely of loan fees and EAs are only offered during the first two months of each year, volume and rate measurements for this product are based on total EAs originated instead of average EA balances during the period. EA originations totaled$311 million and$250 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021. The unannualized EA yield as a function of total EA originations was 0.03% and 0.12% for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021. 81 Table of Contents Provision
Total Company Provision was a net charge of
of 2022 compared to a net credit of
The following were the most significant components comprising the Company's
Provision by reportable segment:
Traditional Banking segment
The Traditional Banking Provision during the second quarter of 2022 was a net charge of$146,000 compared to a net credit of$77,000 for the second quarter of 2021. An analysis of the Provision for the second quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 follows:
? For the second quarter of 2022, the Traditional Bank Provision primarily
reflected the following:
Approximately
o primarily tied to general loan growth.
Offsetting the above was the release of approximately
o following the payoff or upgrade of loans previously downgraded during the
height of the pandemic. For the second quarter of 2021, the Traditional Bank Provision was a net
credit, generally based on an improving economic outlook in conjunction with
limited charge-offs incurred by the
? life-of-loan reserves during 2020 following the onset of the pandemic. The net
credit recorded during the second quarter of 2021 primarily included ACLL
releases for the residential real estate, CRE, and HELOC portfolios offset by
additional reserves for certain Special Mention loans with continued signs of
pandemic-related hardship through
As a percentage of totalTraditional Bank loans, the Traditional Banking ACLL was 1.35% as ofJune 30, 2022 compared to 1.41% as ofDecember 31, 2021 and 1.37% as ofJune 30, 2021 . The Company believes, based on information presently available, that it has adequately provided for Traditional Banking loan losses as ofJune 30, 2022 .
See the sections titled "Allowance for Credit Losses" and "Asset Quality" in
this section of the filing under "Comparison of Financial Condition" for
additional discussion regarding the Provision and the Bank's credit quality.
Warehouse Lending segment
Warehouse recorded a net credit to the Provision of$234,000 for the second quarter of 2022 compared to a net credit of$65,000 for the same period in 2021. Provision for both periods reflected changes in general reserves consistent with changes in outstanding period-end balances.Outstanding Warehouse period-end balances decreased$93 million during the second quarter of 2022 compared to a decrease of$26 million during the second quarter of 2021. As a percentage of total Warehouse outstanding balances, the Warehouse ACLL was 0.25% as ofJune 30, 2022 ,December 31, 2021 , andJune 30, 2021 . The Company believes, based on information presently available, that it has adequately provided for Warehouse loan losses as ofJune 30, 2022 .
Tax Refund Solutions segment
The TRS Provision swung from a net credit of$5.8 million during the second quarter of 2021 to a net charge of$360,000 during the second quarter of 2022. While the overall net total Provision for TRS is a positive benefit on a year-to-date basis, the later timing of payments received during 2021 versus 2022 resulted in a large credit to the Provision during the second quarter of 2021 versus a minimal additional expense to the Provision during the second quarter of 2022. EAs are originated only during the first two months of each year, with losses on those originations initially estimated during the same origination period. All unpaid EAs are charged off byJune 30th of each year, with first quarter loss estimates trued-up to actual charge-offs incurred through a second quarter Provision charge or credit. EAs collected during the second half of each year are recorded as recoveries of previously charged-off loans unless such recovery is subject to guarantor reimbursement under a loan-loss guaranty. 82 Table of Contents During the second quarter of 2022, TRS trued-up its first quarter EA loss estimate with a charge to the Provision of$564,000 , increasing its weighted average net EA loss rate from an estimated 2.67% as ofMarch 31, 2022 to 2.85% as ofJune 30, 2022 . During the second quarter of 2021, TRS trued-up its first quarter EA loss estimate with a credit to the Provision of$5.8 million , decreasing its weighted average net EA loss rate from 6.41% as ofMarch 31, 2021 to 4.09% as ofJune 30, 2021 . The significant true-up credit to the Provision during the second quarter of 2021 resulted primarily from a higher volume of loan payments received by the Company during the second quarter, exceeding the conservative estimates originally made by the Company during the first quarter of 2021 when the tax season experienced a two-week delay to its start.
For the 2022 and 2021 tax seasons, the following table presents information
regarding EA originations, actual charge-offs, first quarter Provision
estimates, and second quarter Provision true-ups:
(dollars in thousands) 2022 Tax Season 2021
Tax Season 2022/2021 Change
EAs originated during the first two months of the year (a)$ 311,207 $
250,045
Actual EA losses incurred compared to loss estimates ($): Actual losses recognized for the first six months ended June 30, (b)$ 8,879 $ 10,226 $ (1,347) First quarter Provision estimate made during three months ended March 31, (c) 8,315 16,019 (7,704) Second quarter Provision true-up for three months ended June 30, (d) $ 564 $
(5,793) $ 6,357
EA actual losses incurred compared to loss estimates (%): Actual losses recognized for the first six months ended June 30, (b)/(a) 2.85 % 4.09 % (1.24) % First quarter Provision estimate made during three months ended March 31, (c)/(a) 2.67 6.41 (3.74) Second quarter Provision true-up for three months ended June 30, (d)/(a) 0.18 % (2.32) % 2.50 % In-line with its customaryJune 30th charge-off policy for EA loans, with approximately$2.6 million of the EA loans having been recovered during the second quarter of 2022 under a loan-loss guaranty, the Company completely charged-off all remaining unpaid EAs as ofJune 30, 2022 . EA payments received afterJune 30th will be credited as a direct recovery to the Provision in the period it is received unless such payment is subject to guarantor reimbursement under the previously mentioned loan-loss guaranty. For factors affecting the comparison of the TRS results of operations for the second quarter of 2022 and the second quarter of 2021, see section titled "OVERVIEW (Three Months EndedJune 30, 2022 Compared to Three Months EndedJune 30, 2021 ) - Tax Refund Solutions."
See additional detail regarding the EA product under Footnote 4 "Loans and
Allowance for Credit Losses" of Part I Item 1 "Financial Statements."
Republic
As illustrated in Table 4 below, RCS recorded a net charge to the Provision of$3.4 million during the second quarter of 2022 compared to a net charge to the Provision of$1.6 million for the same period in 2021. The increase in the Provision was driven primarily by a$1.6 million increase in net charge-offs on RCS's line-of-credit products. Net charge-offs for RCS's LOC I product increased to$1.5 million for the second quarter of 2022 from$520,000 during the second quarter of 2021, with government stimulus programs generally driving down usage of this product during the second quarter of 2021. Net charge-offs for RCS'sLOC II product were$621,000 for the second quarter of 2022 compared to no net charge-offs during the second quarter of 2021. While RCS loans generally return higher yields, they also present a greater credit risk than Traditional Banking loan products. As a percentage of total RCS loans, the RCS ACLL was 14.41% as ofJune 30, 2022 , 13.91% as ofDecember 31, 2021 , and 7.68% as ofJune 30, 2021 . The Company believes, based on information presently available, that it has adequately provided for RCS loan losses as ofJune 30, 2022 .
The following table presents net charges to the RCS Provision by product:
Table 4 - RCS Provision by Product
Three Months Ended Jun. 30, (dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 $ Change % Change Product: Lines of credit $ 3,428$ 1,581 $ 1,847 117 % Hospital receivables 5 11 (6) (55) Total $ 3,433$ 1,592 $ 1,841 116 % 83 Table of Contents
Table 5 - Summary of Loan and Lease Loss Experience
Three Months Ended June 30, (dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 ACLL at beginning of period$ 71,656 $ 75,336 Charge-offs: Traditional Banking: Commercial real estate - - Consumer (245) (161) Total Traditional Banking (245) (161) Warehouse lines of credit - - Total Core Banking (245) (161)Republic Processing Group : Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances (11,505) (10,256) Other TRS loans (153) (30) Republic Credit Solutions (2,411) (597)Total Republic Processing Group (14,069) (10,883) Total charge-offs (14,314) (11,044) Recoveries: Traditional Banking: Residential real estate 26 19 Commercial real estate 1 12 Commercial & industrial 8 4 Home equity 109 34 Consumer 106 97 Total Traditional Banking 250 166 Warehouse lines of credit - - Total Core Banking 250 166Republic Processing Group : Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances 2,626 30 Other TRS loans 302 - Republic Credit Solutions 264 79
Total Republic Processing Group 3,192
109 Total recoveries 3,442 275 Net loan recoveries (charge-offs) (10,872) (10,769) Provision - Core Banking (128) (95) Provision - RPG 3,793 (4,181) Total Provision 3,665 (4,276) ACLL at end of period$ 64,449 $ 60,291
Credit Quality Ratios -
ACLL to total loans 1.48 % 1.32 % ACLL to nonperforming loans 398
270
Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans 1.00 0.95
Credit Quality Ratios - Core Banking:
ACLL to total loans 1.20 % 1.16 % ACLL to nonperforming loans 317
238
Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans -
- 84 Table of Contents
Table 6 - Annualized Net Loan Charge-offs (Recoveries) to Average Loans by Loan
Category
Net Loan
Charge-Offs (Recoveries) to Average Loans
Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied (0.01) % (0.01) % Nonowner occupied - - Commercial real estate - -
Construction & land development (0.01)
- Commercial & industrial - - Paycheck Protection Program - - Lease financing receivables - - Aircraft - - Home equity (0.20) (0.06) Consumer: Credit cards 0.22 0.59 Overdrafts 67.77 26.81 Automobile loans (0.13) (0.09) Other consumer 0.55 0.75 Total Traditional Banking - - Warehouse lines of credit - - Total Core Banking - -Republic Processing Group : Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances* 280.08 237.36 Other TRS loans (303.76) 12.02 Republic Credit Solutions 2.36 0.47
Total Republic Processing Group 10.46
8.35 Total 1.00 % 0.95 % * All loss rates above are based on net charge-offs as a function of average outstanding portfolio balances. Easy Advances are originated during the first two months of each year, with all EAs charged-off byJune 30th of each year. Due to their relatively short life, EA net charge-offs are typically analyzed by the Company as a percentage of total EA originations, not as a percentage of average outstanding balances. The Company's net charge-offs to average total Company loans increased from 0.95% during the second quarter of 2021 to 1.00 % during the second quarter of 2022, with net charge-offs increasing$103,000 and average total Company loans decreasing$207 million , or 5%. The increase in net charge-offs was primarily driven by a$103,000 increase in net charge-offs within the Company's RPG operations, which has historically conducted higher-risk lending activities than the Company's Core Banking operations. From the second quarter of 2021 to the second quarter of 2022, RPG experienced a$1.7 million decrease in net charge-offs within its TRS segment, as TRS amended one of its existing Tax Provider contracts to place a cap on loan losses from EAs originated through this Tax Provider. For factors affecting the comparison of the TRS results of operations for the second quarter of 2022 and the second quarter of 2021, see section titled "OVERVIEW (Three Months EndedJune 30, 2022 Compared to Three Months EndedJune 30, 2021 ) - Tax Refund Solutions." From the second quarter of 2021 to the second quarter of 2022, RPG experienced a$1.6 million increase in net charge-offs within its RCS segment. Net charge-offs for RCS's LOC I product increased to$1.5 million for the second quarter of 2022 from$520,000 for the second quarter of 2021, with government stimulus programs generally driving down usage of this product during the second quarter of 2021. Net charge-offs for RCS'sLOC II product were$621,000 for the second quarter of 2022 compared to no net charge-offs for the second quarter of 2021, with this product first piloted during the first quarter of 2021.
During the second quarters of 2022 and 2021, the Company's
charge-offs to average
85 Table of Contents Noninterest Income
quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021.
The following were the most significant components comprising the total
Company's noninterest income by reportable segment:
Traditional Banking segment
Traditional Banking's noninterest income decreased
second quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, driven primarily by
the following:
? included a
banking center in
Partially offsetting the above, Service Charges on Deposit Accounts increased
?
transactional accounts from
The Bank earns a substantial majority of its fee income related to its overdraft service program from the per item fee it assesses its customers for each insufficient-funds check or electronic debit presented for payment. The total per item fees, net of refunds, included in service charges on deposits for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021 were$1.7 million and$1.3 million . The total daily overdraft charges, net of refunds, included in interest income for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021 were$308,000 and$257,000 .
Mortgage Banking segment
A significant rise in long-term interest rates during 2022 led to a significant slowdown in the origination and subsequent sale of mortgage loans into the secondary market. As a result, Mortgage Banking income decreased from$4.2 million during the second quarter of 2021 to$1.8 million for the second quarter of 2022. For the second quarter of 2022, the Bank sold$68 million in secondary market loans and achieved an average cash-gain-as-a-percent-of-loans-sold during the quarter of 2.85%. During the second quarter of 2021, however, long-term interest rates were closer to historical lows, driving secondary market loan sales of$176 million with comparable cash-gain-as-a-percent-of-loans-sold consistent at 2.85%. With theFOMC moving forward with its quantitative tightening program during 2022, management believes it is likely that theCore Bank's mortgage origination volume will continue to be negatively impacted by rising interest rates causing additional declines in mortgage banking income throughout 2022.
Tax Refund Solutions segment
TRS's noninterest income increased$11.1 million , or 163%, during the second quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. As previously disclosed, Green Dot paid RB&T$13.0 million during the second quarter of 2022 to settle RB&T's lawsuit against Green Dot. Regarding TRS's RT product, net RT revenue decreased$2.0 million , or 33%, from$5.9 million for the second quarter of 2021 to$4.0 million for the same period in 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by an 8% overall decrease in RT volume from the 2021 to the 2022 tax season, with 4% of that decrease driven by the loss of one of TRS's tax providers following the announcement of the now-cancelledMay 2021 Asset Purchase Agreement. Also impacting the decrease in net RT fees from the second quarter of 2021 to the second quarter of 2022 was the previously mentioned two-week delay in the 2021 tax season, which pushed a greater percentage of RT volume into the second quarter of 2021. For factors affecting the comparison of the TRS results of operations for the second quarter of 2022 and the second quarter of 2021, see section titled "OVERVIEW (Three Months EndedJune 30, 2022 Compared to Three Months EndedJune 30, 2021 ) - Tax Refund Solutions." 86
Table of Contents
Republic
RCS's noninterest income increased$522,000 , or 20%, during the second quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, with program fees representing the entirety of RCS's noninterest income. The increase in RCS program fees primarily reflected higher sales volume from RCS's line of credit and installment loan products, as sales volume was negatively impacted during the second quarter of 2021 by federal government stimulus programs implemented to combat the economic impact of the COVID pandemic. Proceeds from the sale of RCS loan products totaled$269 million during the second quarter of 2022, a 49% increase from the same period in 2021.
The following table presents RCS program fees by product:
Table 7 - RCS Program Fees by Product
Three Months Ended Jun. 30, (dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 $ Change % Change Product: Lines of credit $ 1,630$ 1,147 $ 483 42 % Hospital receivables 38 63 (25) (40) Installment loans* 1,481 1,417 64 5 Total $ 3,149$ 2,627 $ 522 20 %
* The Company has elected the fair value option for this product, with
mark-to-market adjustments recorded as a component of program fees.
Noninterest Expense
second quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021.
The following were the most significant components comprising the increase in
noninterest expense by reportable segment:
Traditional Banking segment
Traditional Banking noninterest expense increased
second quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. The following
primarily drove the change in noninterest expense:
? Other expenses increased
the largest increases:
Meals, Entertainment, and Travel expenses, in total, increased
o in-person business travel and community outreach increasing during the quarter
toward pre-pandemic levels.
Fraud and other losses, primarily losses on debit and credit card disputes,
o increased
these categories during 2022.
Provision for losses on off-balance sheet commitments increased
o driven primarily by an increase in the Bank's committed but unused lines of
credit during the previous 12 months.
Salaries and benefits expense increased approximately
? primarily driven by an increase in health benefits costs and annual merit
increases partially offset by a 49-count decrease in FTEs from period to
period.
Republic
Noninterest expense at the RCS segment increased$933,000 , or 93%, during the second quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to increased marketing of RCS'sLOC II product. The LOC II product was first piloted during the first quarter of 2021. 87
Table of Contents
OVERVIEW (Six Months Ended
2021
Total Company net income for the first six months of 2022 was$51.8 million , a$1.9 million , or 4%, increase from the same period in 2021. Diluted EPS increased to$2.59 for the first six months of 2022 compared to$2.41 for the same period in 2021. The increase in net income primarily reflected the following:
? The benefit of a
? The benefit of a
? A
? A
Compared to the first six months of 2022, the first six months of 2021 was
significantly and positively impacted by strong fee income from the PPP and
higher demand for mortgage refinancing, driving strong mortgage banking income.
The following are general highlights by reportable segment:
Traditional Banking segment
? Net income decreased
compared to the same period in 2021.
? Net interest income decreased
2022 compared to the same period in 2021.
? Provision was a net charge of
compared to a net credit of
? Noninterest income increased
compared to the same period in 2021.
? Noninterest expense increased
2022 compared to the same period in 2021.
?
six months of 2022, driven primarily by strong CRE loan growth.
? Total nonperforming loans to total loans for the Traditional Banking segment
was 0.44% as of
? Delinquent loans to total loans for the Traditional Banking segment was 0.15%
as of
?
toJune 30, 2022 . Warehouse Lending segment
? Net income decreased
compared to the same period in 2021.
? Net interest income decreased
2022 compared to the same period in 2021.
? The Warehouse Provision was a net credit of
of 2022 compared to a net credit of
? Average committed Warehouse lines remained at
months of 2022 compared to the first six months of 2021.
88 Table of Contents
? Average line usage was 42% during the first six months of 2022 compared to 52%
during the same period in 2021.
Mortgage Banking segment
Within the Mortgage Banking segment, mortgage banking income decreased
? million, or 61%, during the first six months of 2022 compared to the same
period in 2021.
Overall, Republic's proceeds from sale of secondary market loans totaled
? million during the first six months of 2022 compared to
same period in 2021, with the Company's cash-gain-as-a-percent-of-loans-sold
decreasing to 2.23% from 3.26% from period to period.
Tax Refund Solutions segment
? Net income increased
compared to the same period in 2021.
? Net interest income increased
2022 compared to the same period in 2021.
? Total EA originations were
compared to
Overall, TRS recorded a net charge to the Provision of
? first six months of 2022 compared to a net charge to the Provision of
million for the same period in 2021.
Noninterest income increased
? compared to the same period in 2021. Noninterest income for the first six
months of 2022 included a
and the receipt of a
? Net RT revenue decreased
to the same period in 2021.
? Noninterest expense was
to
TRS had multiple factors during 2021 and 2022 that impacted and will continue to impact its 2022 performance and the comparability of that performance to the same periods in 2021. By year, these factors discussed below include, but may not be limited to, the following:
2021
1) The start of the
later than a typical tax season; and
The Company believes stimulus programs from the Federal Government and
2) pandemic-related restrictions during early 2021 negatively impacted demand for
TRS's RT and EA products. 2022
TRS amended one of its existing third-party contracts to provide for a small
1) revenue share from Republic to the third party, along with a cap on loan
losses from the third party to Republic for all EA products originated through
this provider;
2) TRS experienced a loss of RT and EA product volume to Green Dot directly
following the execution of the TRS Purchase Agreement;
Although to a lesser degree than in the 2021 tax season, management believes
3) stimulus programs from the Federal Government during the latter half of 2021
negatively impacted the 2022 tax season;
4) The Bank received a
following the cancellation of the Sales Transaction; and 89 Table of Contents
5) The Bank received a
upon settling its lawsuit against Green Dot.
As it relates to factors impacting 2021, the processing season with theIRS started approximately two weeks later than normal. As a result, RT funding volume and loan repayments from theIRS lagged normal funding patterns in non-COVID-impacted years and effectively pushed RT revenue and loan recovery activity later into the 2021 calendar year. In addition, government stimulus programs during 2021 negatively impacted demand for TRS EA and RT products. Conversely, the timing of theIRS tax season during the first six months of 2022 was more in-line with non-COVID seasons than the first six months of 2021. As a result, the Company believes that it likely received a greater percentage of its funded RT volume in the first six months of 2022 as compared to 2021, and that it likely received a greater percentage of its EA loan repayments in the first six months of 2022 than it did during 2021. This estimated timing, if correct, generally provided more favorable results for TRS during the first six months of 2022 as compared to the first six months of 2021, but will likely provide for less favorable quarterly comparisons throughout the remainder of 2022 as compared to 2021. In addition to the more normal timing of the tax season in 2022 as compared to 2021, the first six months of 2022 tax season was also favorably impacted by a contractual change with one of the Company's large Tax Providers. As a result of the amended contract, TRS provides this tax provider a revenue share, while this tax provider covers certain overhead costs of the program and furnishes to RB&T a loan loss guaranty for EAs originated through this provider. Through this specific provider, TRS originated$172 million of EAs during the first six months of 2022 as compared to$135 million originated during the first six months of 2021. The net cost of the revenue share to the provider from RB&T was approximately$275,000 for the$172 million of EA volume. Under the amended contract, during the first six months of 2022 the net benefit to TRS of the covered overhead costs and to the Provision from the loan loss guaranty was approximately$2.8 million . Negatively impacting the first six months of the 2022 tax season as compared to the first six months of 2021 was a loss of RT and EA volume by RB&T to Green Dot from certain third-party Tax Providers following the execution of the TRS Purchase Agreement. While TRS was able to partially offset this lost volume through higher volume from other existing relationships, the loss of volume to Green Dot will have a negative impact to the overall results of TRS for 2022 and well into the future if TRS is unable to win this business back through its normal solicitation process. As a net result of all the factors in the preceding paragraphs, TRS experienced a significant net positive improvement to its first six months of 2022 tax results as compared to the first six months of 2021. Because many of these factors may only be timing in nature, management believes TRS's results of operations, and more specifically RT revenue and net recoveries for previously charged-off EAs for the remainder of 2022, will likely be negative as compared to the same periods in 2021.
Republic
? Net income increased
to the same period in 2021.
? Net interest income increased
2022 compared to the same period in 2021.
Overall, RCS recorded a net charge to the Provision of
? first six months of 2022 compared to a net charge of
period in 2021.
? Noninterest income increased
2022 to the first six months of 2022.
? Noninterest expense was
million for the same period in 2021.
? Total nonperforming loans to total loans for the RCS segment was 0.05% as of
? Delinquent loans to total loans for the RCS segment was 6.64% as of
2022 compared to 6.48% as ofDecember 31, 2021 . 90 Table of Contents
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Six Months Ended
Ended
Net Interest Income Banking operations are significantly dependent upon net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets, such as loans and investment securities, and the interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities used to fund those assets, such as interest-bearing deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and FHLB advances. Net interest income is impacted by both changes in the amount and composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as market interest rates.
See the section titled "Asset/Liability Management and Market Risk" in this
section of the filing regarding the Bank's interest rate sensitivity.
A large amount of the Company's financial instruments track closely with, or are primarily indexed to, either the FFTR, Prime, or LIBOR. These rates trended lower with the onset of the COVID pandemic, as theFOMC reduced the FFTR to approximately 25 basis points during 2020. With the rise of inflation during the latter half of 2021 and a steep inflationary rise during the first half of 2022, representing inflationary levels not seen in approximately 40 years, theFOMC began executing a quantitative tightening program by reducing its balance sheet, selling certain types of bonds in the market, and repeatedly increasing the FFTR. The increases to the FFTR included a 25-basis-point increase inMarch 2022 , another 50-basis-point increase inMay 2022 , and another 75-basis-point increase inJune 2022 (the highest one-time increase in 28 years). TheFOMC also increased the FFTR by another 75 basis points inJuly 2022 . Along with these increases, theFOMC continued to signal that additional 2022 FFTR increases were likely. TheFOMC's actions and signals continued to place upward pressure on long-term market interest rates for bonds and loans during the second quarter of 2022. Further monetary tightening by theFederal Reserve in the future will likely cause both short-term and long-term market interest rates to increase during the remainder of 2022. Increases in market interest rates are expected to impact the various business segments of the Company differently and will be discussed in further detail in the sections below.Total Company net interest income was$113.8 million during the first six months of 2022 and represented a decrease of$4.3 million , or 4%, from the first six months of 2021.Total Company net interest margin decreased to 3.90% during the first six months of 2022 compared to 3.98% for the same period in 2021.
The following were the most significant components affecting the Company's net
interest income by reportable segment:
Traditional Banking segment
The Traditional Banking's net interest income decreased$4.1 million , or 5%, for the first six months of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. Traditional Banking's net interest margin was 2.98% for the first six months of 2022, a decrease of 23 basis points from the same period in 2021.
The decrease in the
margin during the first six months of 2022 was primarily attributable to the
following factors:
portfolio during the first six months of 2022 compared to
? similar income during the same period in 2021. The
PPP fees and interest primarily highlighted the short-term nature of this
program, which was closer to its peak during the first six months of 2021.
Offsetting the decrease above,
PPP fees and interest, increased
of 2021, as average non-PPP loans at the
billion for the first six months of 2021 to
? months of 2022. Offsetting the benefit of growth in non-
loans was a 2-basis point decrease in the
margin excluding PPP loans and related fees and interest. The Traditional
Bank's net interest margin, excluding the PPP-related elements, declined from
2.97% for the first six months of 2021 to 2.95% for the first six months of
2022. 91 Table of Contents
Table 8 - Traditional Bank Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin Excluding
PPP (Non-GAAP)
The Company earns fees and a coupon interest rate of 1.0% on its PPP portfolio. Due to the short-term nature of the PPP, management believesTraditional Bank net interest income excluding PPP fees and coupon interest is a more appropriate measure to analyze the performance of theTraditional Bank's net interest income and net interest margin. The following table reconcilesTraditional Bank net interest income and net interest margin toTraditional Bank net interest income and net interest margin excluding PPP fees and interest, a non-GAAP measure. Net Interest Income Interest-Earning Assets Net Interest Margin Six Months EndedJun. 30 , Six Months EndedJun. 30 , Six Months EndedJun. 30 , (dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 $ Change % Change 2022 2021 $ Change % Change 2022 2021 % Change Traditional Banking - GAAP$ 75,306
3.21 % (0.23) % Less: Impact of PPP fees and interest 1,123 11,280 (10,157) (90) 23,596 357,163 (333,567) (93) 0.03 0.24
(0.21)
Traditional Banking ex PPP fees and interest - non-GAAP
$ 68,100 $ 6,083 9$ 5,029,791 $ 4,589,253 $ 440,538 10 2.95 2.97
(0.02)
As previously disclosed, both short-term and long-term market interest rates are expected to continue to increase during 2022 as a result of expected monetary tightening by theFOMC . Additional increases in short-term interest rates and overall market rates are generally believed by management to be favorable to theTraditional Bank's net interest income and net interest margin in the near term, while decreases in short-term interest rates and overall market rates are generally believed by management to be unfavorable to theTraditional Bank's net interest income and net interest margin in the near term. Increases in market interest rates, however, could have a negative impact on net interest income and net interest margin if theTraditional Bank is unable to maintain its deposit balances and the cost of those deposits at the levels assumed in its interest-rate-risk model. In addition, a flattening or inversion of the yield curve, causing the spread between long-term interest rates and short-term interest rates to decrease, could negatively impact theTraditional Bank's net interest income and net interest margin. Variables which may impact theTraditional Bank's net interest income and net interest margin in the future include, but are not limited to, the actual steepness of the yield curve, future demand for theTraditional Bank's financial products, and theTraditional Bank's overall future liquidity needs.
Warehouse Lending segment
Net interest income within the Warehouse segment decreased$4.7 million , or 36%, from the first six months of 2021 to the first six months of 2022, driven by decreases in both average outstanding balances and net interest margin. Overall average outstanding Warehouse balances declined from$758 million during the first six months of 2021 to$582 million for the first six months of 2022, as home-mortgage refinancing dipped from historically high volume in early 2021. The Warehouse net interest margin compressed 56 basis points from 3.45% during the first six months of 2021 to 2.89% during the first six months of 2022, as competitive forces began driving down the contractual interest rates on theCompany's Warehouse lines during the third quarter of 2021. In general, the decline in net interest income within Warehouse Lending was driven largely by a sharp rise in long-term interest rates during the first half of 2022, which led to a decrease in mortgage refinancing demand, a sharp drop in Warehouse line usage, and an overall decrease in outstanding Warehouse balances. In addition, Warehouse's net interest margin was negatively impacted during the first six months of 2022, as many adjustable rate Warehouse lines remained below their interest rate floors. These interest rate floors, which benefitted Warehouse's net interest margin significantly during 2020 and 2021 when market rates declined to historical lows, negatively impacted its net interest margin during the first half of 2022, as its cost of funding rose while its loan yield remained relatively stable. The negative impact of these floors is expected to diminish in the near term as interest rates on many Warehouse lines are expected to begin exceeding their floors during the third quarter of 2022, assuming projected FFTR increases, currently projected by the financial markets, come to fruition.Committed Warehouse lines-of-credit remained at$1.4 billion fromJune 30, 2021 toJune 30, 2022 , while average usage rates for Warehouse lines were 42% and 52%, respectively, during the first six months of 2022 and 2021. Additional increases in short-term interest rates and overall market rates are generally believed by management to be favorable to Warehouse's net interest income and net interest margin in the near term, however, the benefit of an increase in rates could be partially or entirely offset by a reduction in average outstanding balances driven by a decline in demand from Warehouse clients, as higher long-term interest rates generally drive lower demand for Warehouse borrowings. In addition, a lower demand for Warehouse 92
Table of Contents
borrowings could cause additional competitive pricing pressures for the
industry, driving down the yield Warehouse earns on its lines of credits.
Tax Refund Solutions segment
TRS's net interest income increased$1.7 million for the first six months of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, driven by an increase in EA fees, an increase in outstanding commercial loan balances, and an increase in interest income on TRS's prepaid card balances as a function of the Company's FTP methodology and a rise in interest rates. TRS's EA product earned$13.5 million in interest income during the first six months of 2022, a$442,000 increase from the first six months of 2021 resulting primarily from a$61 million increase in EA originations from period to period. For factors affecting the comparison of the TRS results of operations for the first six months of 2022 and the first six months of 2021, see section titled "OVERVIEW (Six Months EndedJune 30, 2022 Compared to Six Months EndedJune 30, 2021 ) - Tax Refund Solutions."
See additional detail regarding the EA product under Footnote 4 "Loans and
Allowance for Credit Losses" of Part I Item 1 "Financial Statements."
Republic
RCS's net interest income increased$2.9 million , or 29%, from the first six months of 2021 to the first six months of 2022. The increase was driven primarily by an increase in fee income from RCS's LOC products partially offset by a decrease in interest income from RCS's hospital receivables. RCS's LOC loan fees, which are recorded as interest income on loans, increased to$11.5 million during the first six months of 2022 compared to$7.7 million during the same period in 2021. Interest income on RCS's LOC I product increased$2.0 million , driven by a$5 million increase in average outstanding balances for this product from the first six months of 2021 to the first six months of 2022. Interest income on RCS'sLOC II product increased$1.8 million , as the Company first piloted this product during the first six months of 2021 with limited outstanding balances during the pilot phase.
Interest income from RCS's hospital receivables decreased
first six months 2021 to the same period in 2022 resulting from a
decrease in average receivables from period to period.
Overall product demand for the RCS segment is not assumed to be interest rate sensitive and therefore management does not believe a rising interest rate environment will impact demand for its various consumer loan products. A rising interest rate environment, however, likely will impact the Company's internal FTP cost allocated to this segment. As a result, the impact of rising interest rates to RCS during 2022 will be negative to the segment's financial results, although the exact amount of the negative impact will depend on the internal FTP cost assigned, as well as, the overall volume and mix of loans it generates. 93 Table of Contents
Table 9 - Total Company Average Balance Sheets and Interest Rates
Six Months EndedJune 30, 2022
Six Months Ended
Average Average Average Average (dollars in thousands) Balance Interest Rate Balance Interest Rate ASSETS Interest-earning assets: Federal funds sold and other interest-earning deposits$ 837,757 $ 2,067 0.49 %$ 725,764 $ 416 0.11 % Investment securities, including FHLB stock (1) 649,040 4,877 1.50 563,243 3,930 1.40 TRS Easy Advance loans (2) 48,420 13,525 55.87 53,276 13,083 49.11 RCS LOC products (2) 26,701 11,484 86.02 16,536 7,686 92.96 Other RPG loans (3) (7) 105,879 3,372 6.37 122,225 3,984 6.52Outstanding Warehouse lines of credit (4) (7) 581,581 9,953 3.42 758,493 14,194 3.74 Paycheck Protection Program loans (5) (7) 23,596 1,123 9.52 357,163 11,280 6.32 All otherCore Bank loans (6) (7) 3,561,122 69,474 3.90
3,337,969 66,885 4.01
Total interest-earning assets 5,834,096 115,875 3.97
5,934,669 121,458 4.09
Allowance for credit loss (70,670)
(70,390)
Noninterest-earning assets: Noninterest-earning cash and cash equivalents 262,772
196,793
Premises and equipment, net 34,888
39,152 Bank owned life insurance 99,844 82,837 Other assets (1) 172,389 188,785 Total assets$ 6,333,319 $ 6,371,846 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Interest-bearing liabilities: Transaction accounts$ 1,695,456 $ 266 0.03 %$ 1,542,685 $ 175 0.02 % Money market accounts 793,709 261 0.07 753,198 196 0.05 Time deposits 247,596 1,215 0.98 309,155 2,035 1.32 Reciprocal money market and time deposits 66,826 82 0.25 316,493 461 0.29 Brokered deposits - - - 43,369 22 0.10
Total interest-bearing deposits 2,803,587 1,824 0.13
2,964,900 2,889 0.19 SSUARs and other short-term borrowings 297,263 77 0.05 181,216 17 0.02
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 21,657 130 1.20
34,033 41 0.24 Subordinated note - - - 41,240 341 1.65 Total interest-bearing liabilities 3,122,507 2,031 0.13 3,221,389 3,288 0.20 Noninterest-bearing liabilities and Stockholders' equity: Noninterest-bearing deposits 2,255,104 2,186,274 Other liabilities 106,603 121,357 Stockholders' equity 849,105 842,826 Total liabilities and stock-holders' equity$ 6,333,319 $ 6,371,846 Net interest income$ 113,844 $ 118,170 Net interest spread 3.84 % 3.89 % Net interest margin 3.90 % 3.98 %
(1) For the purpose of this calculation, the fair market value adjustment on debt
securities is included as a component of other assets.
(2) Interest income for Easy Advances and RCS line-of-credit products is composed
entirely of loan fees.
(3) Interest income includes loan fees of
months ended
(4) Interest income includes loan fees of
six months ended
(5) Interest income includes loan fees of
six months ended
(6) Interest income includes loan fees of
six months ended
Average balances for loans include the principal balance of nonaccrual loans
(7) and loans held for sale, and are inclusive of all loan premiums, discounts,
fees and costs. 94 Table of Contents Table 10 illustrates the extent to which changes in interest rates and changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities impacted Republic's interest income and interest expense during the periods indicated. Information is provided in each category with respect to (i) changes attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate), (ii) changes attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume), and (iii) net change. The changes attributable to the combined impact of volume and rate have been allocated proportionately to the changes due to volume and the changes due to rate.
Table 10 - Total Company Volume/Rate Variance Analysis
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 Total Net Increase / (Decrease) Due to (in thousands) Change Volume Rate Interest income: Federal funds sold and other interest-earning deposits$ 1,651 $ 73$ 1,578 Investment securities, including FHLB stock 947 629 318 TRS Easy Advance loans* 442 2,880 (2,438) RCS LOC products 3,798 4,410 (612) Other RPG loans (612) (523) (89)Outstanding Warehouse lines of credit (4,241) (3,103)
(1,138)
Paycheck Protection Program loans (10,157) (13,997)
3,840 All other Core Bank loans 2,589 4,387 (1,798) Net change in interest income (5,583) (5,244) (339) Interest expense: Transaction accounts 91 19 72 Money market accounts 65 11 54 Time deposits (820) (360) (460) Reciprocal money market and time deposits (379) (315) (64) Brokered deposits (22) (22) - SSUARs and other short-term borrowings 60 19 41
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 89 (20)
109
Subordinated note (341) (341) - Net change in interest expense (1,257) (1,009)
(248)
Net change in net interest income
* Since interest income for Easy Advances is composed entirely of loan fees and EAs are only offered during the first two months of each year, volume and rate measurements for this product are based on total EAs originated instead of average EA balances during the period. EA originations totaled$311 million and$250 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021. The unannualized EA yield as a function of total EA originations was 4.35% and 5.23% for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021. 95 Table of Contents Provision
Total Company Provision was a net charge of
months of 2022 compared to a net charge of
2021.
The following were the most significant components comprising the Company's
Provision by reportable segment:
Traditional Banking segment
The Traditional Banking Provision during the first six months of 2022 was a net charge of$466,000 compared to a net credit of$82,000 for the first six months of 2021. An analysis of the Provision for the first six months of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 follows:
? For the first six months of 2022, the Traditional Bank Provision primarily
reflected the following:
Approximately
o tied to general loan growth.
from
Offsetting the above was the release of approximately
o following the payoff or upgrade of loans previously downgraded during the
height of the pandemic. For the first six months of 2021, there was a minimal net credit to the
Traditional Bank Provision, generally based on an improving economic outlook in
conjunction with limited charge-offs incurred by the
? making significant life-of-loan reserves during 2020 following the onset of the
pandemic. The net credit recorded during the first six months of 2021 primarily
included ACLL releases for the residential real estate, CRE, and HELOC
portfolios offset by additional reserves for certain Special Mention loans with
continued signs of pandemic-related hardship through
As a percentage of totalTraditional Bank loans, the Traditional Banking ACLL was 1.35% as ofJune 30, 2022 compared to 1.41% as ofDecember 31, 2021 and 1.37% as ofJune 30, 2021 . The Company believes, based on information presently available, that it has adequately provided for Traditional Banking loan losses as ofJune 30, 2022 .
See the sections titled "Allowance for Credit Losses" and "Asset Quality" in
this section of the filing under "Comparison of Financial Condition" for
additional discussion regarding the Provision and the Bank's credit quality.
Warehouse Lending segment
Warehouse recorded a net credit to the Provision of$635,000 for the first six months of 2022 compared to a net credit of$307,000 for the same period in 2021. Provision for both periods reflected changes in general reserves consistent with changes in outstanding period-end balances.Outstanding Warehouse period-end balances decreased$254 million during the first six months of 2022 compared to a decrease of$123 million during the first six months of 2021. As a percentage of total Warehouse outstanding balances, the Warehouse ACLL was 0.25% as ofJune 30, 2022 ,December 31, 2021 , andJune 30, 2021 . The Company believes, based on information presently available, that it has adequately provided for Warehouse loan losses as ofJune 30, 2022 .
Tax Refund Solutions segment
TRS recorded a net charge to the Provision of$8.3 million during the first six months of 2022 compared to a net charge of$10.1 million for the same period in 2021. Substantially all TRS Provision in both periods was related to its EA product. TRS recorded a charge to the Provision for EA loans of$8.9 million , or 2.85% of its$311 million in EAs originated during the first six months of 2022 compared to a charge to the Provision of$10.2 million , or 4.09% of its$250 million of EAs originated during the first six months of 2021. The decrease in Provision for the first six months of 2022 was primarily due to the following two factors:
TRS received a contractual guaranty during 2022 that limits its EA losses for
EAs originated through one of its largest Tax Providers. Through this
1) particular provider, TRS originated
months of 2022. The net benefit to the Provision for TRS during the first six
months of 2022 was approximately$2.6 million . 96 Table of Contents
In addition to its contractual guaranty discussed in the previous bullet (1),
TRS experienced delayed EA paydowns during the first six months of 2021 with
2) the start of the
federal government stimulus programs during the first six months of 2021,
which generally utilized resources of the
the programs.
In-line with its customaryJune 30th charge-off policy for EA loans, with approximately$2.6 million of the EA loans having been recovered during the second quarter of 2022 under a loan-loss guaranty, the Company completely charged-off all remaining unpaid EAs as ofJune 30, 2022 . EA payments received afterJune 30th will be credited as a direct recovery to the Provision in the period it is received unless such payment is subject to guarantor reimbursement under the previously mentioned loan-loss guaranty. For factors affecting the comparison of the TRS results of operations for the first six months of 2022 and the first six months of 2021, see section titled "OVERVIEW (Six Months EndedJune 30, 2022 Compared to Six Months EndedJune 30, 2021 ) - Tax Refund Solutions."
See additional detail regarding the EA product under Footnote 4 "Loans and
Allowance for Credit Losses" of Part I Item 1 "Financial Statements."
Republic
As illustrated in Table 11 below, RCS recorded a net charge to the Provision of$4.8 million during the first six months of 2022 compared to a net charge to the Provision of$1.2 million for the same period in 2021. The increase in the Provision was driven primarily by a$3.4 million increase in net charge-offs on RCS's line-of-credit products. Net charge-offs for RCS's LOC I product increased to$3.2 million for the first six months of 2022 from$1.2 million during the first six months of 2021, with government stimulus programs generally driving down usage of this product during the first six months of 2021. Net charge-offs for RCS'sLOC II product were$1.3 million for the first six months of 2022 compared to no net charge-offs during the first six months of 2021. While RCS loans generally return higher yields, they also present a greater credit risk than Traditional Banking loan products. As a percentage of total RCS loans, the RCS ACLL was 14.41% as ofJune 30, 2022 , 13.91% as ofDecember 31, 2021 , and 7.68% as ofJune 30, 2021 . The Company believes, based on information presently available, that it has adequately provided for RCS loan losses as ofJune 30, 2022 .
The following table presents net charges to the RCS Provision by product:
Table 11 - RCS Provision by Product
Six Months Ended Jun. 30, (in thousands) 2022 2021 $ Change % Change Product: Lines of credit $ 4,831$ 1,207 $ 3,624 300 % Hospital receivables (3) 10 (13) (130) Total $ 4,828$ 1,217 $ 3,611 297 % 97 Table of Contents
Table 12 - Summary of Loan and Lease Loss Experience
Six Months Ended June 30, (dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 ACLL at beginning of period$ 64,577 $ 61,067 Charge-offs: Traditional Banking: Commercial real estate - (428) Consumer (508) (370) Total Traditional Banking (508) (798) Warehouse lines of credit - - Total Core Banking (508) (798)Republic Processing Group : Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances (11,505) (10,256) Other TRS loans (153) (51) Republic Credit Solutions (5,084) (1,362)Total Republic Processing Group (16,742) (11,669) Total charge-offs (17,250) (12,467) Recoveries: Traditional Banking: Residential real estate 69 46 Commercial real estate 2 80 Commercial & industrial 17 11 Home equity 112 41 Consumer 195 243 Total Traditional Banking 395 421 Warehouse lines of credit - - Total Core Banking 395 421Republic Processing Group : Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances 2,626 30 Other TRS loans 664 8 Republic Credit Solutions 539 171Total Republic Processing Group 3,829 209 Total recoveries 4,224 630 Net loan charge-offs (13,026) (11,837) Provision - Core Banking (202) (267) Provision - RPG 13,100 11,328 Total Provision 12,898 11,061 ACLL at end of period$ 64,449 $ 60,291
Credit Quality Ratios -
ACLL to total loans 1.48 % 1.32 % ACLL to nonperforming loans 398 270
Net loan charge-offs to average loans 0.60 0.51
Credit Quality Ratios - Core Banking:
ACLL to total loans 1.20 % 1.16 % ACLL to nonperforming loans 317 238
Net loan charge-offs to average loans 0.01 0.02
98 Table of Contents
Table 13 - Annualized Net Loan Charge-offs (Recoveries) to Average Loans by Loan
Category
Net Loan
Charge-Offs (Recoveries) to Average Loans
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied (0.02) % (0.01) % Nonowner occupied - - Commercial real estate - 0.05
Construction & land development -
- Commercial & industrial (0.01) (0.01) Paycheck Protection Program - - Lease financing receivables - - Aircraft - - Home equity (0.11) (0.04) Consumer: Credit cards 0.39 0.84 Overdrafts 79.18 24.51 Automobile loans (0.06) (0.18) Other consumer 0.12 - Total Traditional Banking 0.01 0.02 Warehouse lines of credit - - Total Core Banking 0.01 0.02Republic Processing Group : Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances* 71.16 74.92 Other TRS loans (10.54) 0.63 Republic Credit Solutions 9.09 2.18
Total Republic Processing Group 19.16
15.40 Total 0.60 % 0.51 % * All loss rates above are based on net charge-offs as a function of average outstanding portfolio balances. Easy Advances are originated during the first two months of each year, with all EAs charged-off byJune 30th of each year. Due to their relatively short life, EA net charge-offs are typically analyzed by the Company as a percentage of total EA originations, not as a percentage of average outstanding balances. The Company's net charge-offs to average total Company loans increased from 0.51% during the first six months of 2021 to 0.60 % during the first six months of 2022, with net charge-offs increasing$1.2 million and average total Company loans decreasing$298 million , or 6%. The increase in net charge-offs was primarily driven by a$1.5 million increase in net charge-offs within the Company's RPG operations, which has historically conducted higher-risk lending activities than the Company's Core Banking operations. From the first six months of 2021 to the first six months of 2022, RPG experienced a$3.4 million increase in net charge-offs within its RCS segment. Net charge-offs for RCS's LOC I product increased to$3.2 million for the first six months of 2022 from$1.2 million for the first six months of 2021, with government stimulus programs generally driving down usage of this product during the first six months of 2021. Net charge-offs for RCS'sLOC II product were$1.3 million for the first six months of 2022 compared to no net charge-offs for the first six months of 2021, with this product first piloted during the first quarter of 2021. From the first six months of 2021 to the first six months of 2022, RPG experienced a$1.9 million decrease in net charge-offs within its TRS segment, as TRS amended one of its existing Tax Provider contracts to place a cap on loan losses from EAs originated through this Tax Provider. For factors affecting the comparison of the TRS results of operations for the first six months of 2022 and the first six months of 2021, see section titled "OVERVIEW (Three Months EndedJune 30, 2022 Compared to Three Months EndedJune 30, 2021 ) - Tax Refund Solutions."
During the first six months of 2022 and 2021, the Company's
charge-offs to average
99 Table of Contents Noninterest Income
months of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021.
The following were the most significant components comprising the total
Company's noninterest income by reportable segment:
Traditional Banking segment
Traditional Banking's noninterest income increased$209,000 , or 1%, for the first six months of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, driven primarily by a$648,000 increase in Service Charges on Deposit Accounts offset by a$399,000 nonrecurring gain on sale of a former banking center recorded during the first six months of 2021. The Bank earns a substantial majority of its fee income related to its overdraft service program from the per item fee it assesses its customers for each insufficient-funds check or electronic debit presented for payment. The total per item fees, net of refunds, included in service charges on deposits for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021 were$3.2 million and$2.5 million . The total daily overdraft charges, net of refunds, included in interest income for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021 were$597,000 and$506,000 .
Mortgage Banking segment
A significant rise in long-term interest rates during the first six months of 2022 led to a significant slowdown in the origination and subsequent sale of mortgage loans into the secondary market. As a result, Mortgage Banking income decreased from$11.4 million during the first six months of 2021 to$4.4 million for the first six months of 2022. For the first six months of 2022, the Bank sold$187 million in secondary market loans and achieved an average cash-gain-as-a-percent-of-loans-sold during the quarter of 2.23%. During the first six months of 2021, however, long-term interest rates were closer to historical lows, driving secondary market loan sales of$380 million with comparable cash-gain-as-a-percent-of-loans-sold of 3.26%. With theFOMC moving forward with its quantitative tightening program during 2022, management believes it is likely that theCore Bank's mortgage origination volume will continue to be negatively impacted by rising interest rates causing additional declines in mortgage banking income throughout 2022.
Tax Refund Solutions segment
TRS's noninterest income increased$15.3 million , or 75%, during the first six months of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. Green Dot paid RB&T a total of$18 million in nonrecurring payments during the first six months of 2022 related to the now-cancelled TRS Purchase Agreement. These nonrecurring payments included the following:
A contract termination fee of
? Green Dot a notice of termination of the
the sale of substantially all of RB&T's TRS assets and operations to Green Dot.
? A legal settlement of
against Green Dot.
Regarding TRS's RT product, net RT revenue decreased 14% from$18.6 million during the first six months of 2021 to$16.0 million during the same period in 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by an 8% overall decrease in RT volume from the 2021 to the 2022 tax season, with 4% of that decrease driven by the loss of one of TRS's tax providers following the announcement of the now-cancelledMay 2021 Asset Purchase Agreement. For factors affecting the comparison of the TRS results of operations for the first six months of 2022 and the first six months of 2021, see section titled "OVERVIEW (Six Months EndedJune 30, 2022 Compared to Six Months EndedJune 30, 2021 ) - Tax Refund Solutions." 100
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Republic
RCS's noninterest income increased$2.3 million , or 59%, during the first six months of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, with program fees representing the entirety of RCS's noninterest income. The increase in RCS program fees primarily reflected higher sales volume from RCS's line of credit and installment loan products as sales volume was negatively impacted during the first six months of 2021 by federal government stimulus programs implemented to combat the economic impact of the COVID pandemic. Proceeds from the sale of RCS loan products totaled$526 million during the first six months of 2022, an 82% increase from the same period in 2021.
The following table presents RCS program fees by product:
Table 14 - RCS Program Fees by Product
Six Months Ended Jun. 30, (dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 $ Change
% Change Product: Lines of credit $ 2,818$ 1,899 $ 919 48 % Hospital receivables 99 111 (12) (11) Installment loans* 3,359 1,930 1,429 74 Total $ 6,276$ 3,940 $ 2,336 59 %
* The Company has elected the fair value option for this product, with
mark-to-market adjustments recorded as a component of program fees.
Noninterest Expense
first six months of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021.
The following were the most significant components comprising the increase in
noninterest expense by reportable segment:
Traditional Banking segment
Traditional Banking noninterest expense increased
months of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. The following primarily
drove the change in noninterest expense:
? Other expenses increased
reflecting the largest increases:
Meals, Entertainment, and Travel expenses, in total, increased
o in-person business travel and community outreach increasing during the quarter
toward pre-pandemic levels.
o Fraud losses, primarily check fraud, increased
experienced a general increase in fraudulent check activity during 2022.
Charitable contributions increased
o progressing towards pre-pandemic levels following the reduction of various
restrictions.
Salaries and benefits expense increased approximately
? primarily driven by annual merit increases partially offset by a 49-count
decrease in FTE's and a decrease in health benefits costs. 101 Table of Contents Tax Refund Solutions segment Noninterest expense at the TRS segment decreased$321,000 , or 4%, during the first six months of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to consulting costs incurred during 2021 connected to the now-cancelled TRS Purchase Agreement.
Republic
Noninterest expense at the RCS segment increased$1.4 million , or 66%, during the first six months of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to increased marketing of RCS'sLOC II product. The LOC II product was first piloted during the first quarter of 2021. COMPARISON OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AS OFJUNE 30, 2022 ANDDECEMBER 31, 2021
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash, deposits with other financial institutions with original maturities less than 90 days, and federal funds sold. Republic had$795 million in cash and cash equivalents as ofJune 30, 2022 compared to$757 million as ofDecember 31, 2021 . Although the Company deployed some of its excess cash through the purchase of long-term investment securities during the fourth quarter of 2021and the first quarter of 2022 as a result of movements in the yield curve, it has maintained an overall general strategy of keeping a large amount of cash on balance sheet for interest rate risk protection. This strategy benefitted theTraditional Bank's net interest income during the second quarter of 2022 as theFOMC began raising the FFTR.
For additional discussion regarding the Bank's net interest income, see the
sections titled "Net Interest Income" in this section of the filing under
"RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Three Months Ended
Months Ended
30, 2022
For cash held at the FRB, the Bank earns a yield on amounts exceeding required reserves. This cash earned a weighted-average yield of 0.49% during the first six months of 2022 with a spot balance yield of 1.65% onJune 30, 2022 . For cash held within the Bank's banking center and ATM networks, the Bank does not earn interest.Investment Securities
Table 15 - Purchases of
Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 Purchase Yield to Average (in thousands) Cost Maturity Life Purchases by Class for the Three Months EndedMarch 31, 2022 U.S. Treasury$ 85,614 1.51 % 2.5 yrs U.S. Government Agencies 10,028 1.39 10.0
Mortgage-backed securities - residential 20,134 1.25 10.0 Total$ 115,776
1.45 4.4 yrs
Purchases by Class for the Three Months EndedJune 30, 2022 U.S. Treasury$ 74,043 2.62 % 2.1 yrs Total$ 74,043 2.62 2.1 yrs Total Purchases for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022$ 189,819
1.91 % 3.5 yrs
During the second quarter, management generally targeted purchases of investment securities with maturities of approximately two years. While the Company will likely continue to replace some of its maturing investments with new purchases, it will likely maintain a general policy of limited growth in the total securities portfolio in the near-term as long as its yield on interest-earning cash continues to rise in proportion to future FFTR increases. The overall timing and amount of any purchases will depend on many factors including, but not limited to, the Company's overall current and projected liquidity positions, its customers' demand for its loans and deposit products, the interest rate environment at the time, as well as the anticipated interest rate environment in the near and long term. 102
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Table 16 - Loan Portfolio Composition
(dollars in thousands) June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 $ Change % Change Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied$ 832,137 $ 820,731$ 11,406 1 % Nonowner occupied 313,534 306,323 7,211 2 Commercial real estate 1,569,119 1,456,009 113,110 8 Construction & land development 137,452 129,337 8,115 6 Commercial & industrial 394,175 340,363 53,812 16 Paycheck Protection Program 14,657 56,014 (41,357) (74) Lease financing receivables 11,345 8,637 2,708 31 Aircraft 159,958 142,894 17,064 12 Home equity 214,069 210,578 3,491 2 Consumer: Credit cards 15,419 14,510 909 6 Overdrafts 901 683 218 32 Automobile loans 9,579 14,448 (4,869) (34) Other consumer 1,245 1,432 (187) (13) Total Traditional Banking 3,673,590 3,501,959 171,631 5 Warehouse lines of credit* 596,678 850,550 (253,872) (30) Total Core Banking 4,270,268 4,352,509 (82,241) (2) Republic Processing Group*: Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances - - - NM Other TRS loans 149 50,987 (50,838) (100) Republic Credit Solutions 91,816 93,066 (1,250) (1)Total Republic Processing Group 91,965
144,053 (52,088) (36)
Total loans** 4,362,233 4,496,562 (134,329) (3) Allowance for credit losses (64,449) (64,577) 128 (0) Total loans, net$ 4,297,784 $ 4,431,985$ (134,201) (3)
*Identifies loans to borrowers located primarily outside of the Bank's market
footprint.
**Total loans are presented inclusive of premiums, discounts and net loan
origination fees and costs.
Gross loans decreased by
2022 to
comprising the change in loans by reportable segment follow:
Traditional Banking segment
Period-end balances for Traditional Banking loans increased
from
change in loan balances during the first six months of 2022:
CRE loans grew
?
division, its Private, CRE, and Commercial Banking division, and its Northern
With mortgage refinance volume at all-time record levels during 2020 and 2021,
balances of 1-4 family loans, including HELOCs, generally declined as the vast
majority of the volume of refinancings was sold into the secondary market. This
? trend began to change in 2022, however, as a significant rise in long-term,
fixed-rate mortgages caused portfolio level ARM loans to become generally more
attractive than secondary market loans. As a result, residential real estate
loans increased
increased$4 million during the same period. 103 Table of Contents
Offsetting the growth above, during the first six months of 2022, the Core
? Bank's PPP portfolio decreased
program continued to wind down.
The CARES Act was enacted inMarch 2020 and provided for the SBA's PPP, which allowed the Bank to lend to its qualifying small business clients to assist them in their efforts to meet their cash-flow needs during the COVID pandemic. The Economic Aid Act was enacted inDecember 2020 and provided for a second round of PPP loans. PPP loans are fully backed by the SBA and may be entirely forgiven if the loan client uses loan funds for qualifying reasons. As ofJune 30, 2022 , net PPP loans of$15 million remained on theTraditional Bank's balance sheet.
Warehouse Lending segment
Outstanding Warehouse period-end balances decreased$254 million fromDecember 31, 2021 toJune 30, 2022 . Due to the volatility and seasonality of the mortgage market, it is difficult to project future outstanding balances of Warehouse lines of credit. The growth of the Bank's Warehouse Lending business greatly depends on the overall mortgage market and typically follows industry trends. Since its entrance into this business during 2011, the Bank has experienced volatility in the Warehouse portfolio consistent with overall demand for mortgage products. Weighted average quarterly usage rates on theBank's Warehouse lines have ranged from a low of 31% during the fourth quarter of 2013 to a high of 71% during the fourth quarter of 2019. On an annual basis, weighted average usage rates on theBank's Warehouse lines have ranged from a low of 40% during 2013 to a high of 66% during 2020. As previously discussed, additional increases in short-term interest rates and overall market rates are generally believed by management to be unfavorable to Warehouse's client demand, likely leading to a reduction in average outstanding balances as higher long-term interest rates generally drive lower demand for Warehouse borrowings. Tax Refund Solutions segment
Outstanding TRS loans decreased$51 million fromDecember 31, 2021 toJune 30, 2022 primarily reflecting a$51 million reduction in other TRS loans. Other TRS loans as ofDecember 31, 2021 were primarily commercial loans to Tax Providers. These loans are typically made in the fourth quarter of each year and fully repaid by the end of the first six months of the following year.
Allowance for Credit Losses
As ofJune 30, 2022 , the Bank maintained an ACLL for expected credit losses inherent in the Bank's loan portfolio, which includes overdrawn deposit accounts. The Bank also maintained an ACLS and an ACLC for expected losses in its securities portfolio and its off-balance sheet credit exposures, respectively. Management evaluates the adequacy of the ACLL monthly, and the adequacy of the ACLS and ACLC quarterly. All ACLs are presented and discussed with the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors quarterly. The Company's ACLL decreased$128,000 from$65 million as ofDecember 31, 2021 to$64 million as ofJune 30, 2022 . As a percent of total loans, the total Company's ACLL increased to 1.48% as ofJune 30, 2022 compared to 1.44% as ofDecember 31, 2021 . An analysis of the ACL by reportable segment follows:
Traditional Banking segment
The Traditional Banking ACLL increased approximately$320,000 to$50 million as ofJune 30, 2022 driven primarily by formula reserves tied to loan growth during the first six months of 2022 partially offset by reserves released following the payoff or upgrade of loans downgraded during the height of the pandemic. 104 Table of Contents Warehouse Lending segment The Warehouse ACLL decreased to approximately$1.5 million , and the Warehouse ACLL to total Warehouse loans remained at 0.25% when comparingJune 30, 2022 toDecember 31, 2021 . As ofJune 30, 2022 , the Warehouse ACLL was entirely qualitative in nature with no adjustments to the qualitative reserve percentage required for the first six months of 2022.
Republic
The RCS ACLL increased
million
RCS maintained an ACLL for two distinct credit products offered as ofJune 30, 2022 , including its line-of-credit products and its healthcare-receivables products. As ofJune 30, 2022 , the ACLL to total loans estimated for each RCS product ranged from as low as 0.25% for its healthcare-receivables products to as high as 56% for itsLOC II product. The lower reserve percentage of 0.25% was provided for RCS's healthcare receivables, as such receivables have recourse back to the third-party providers. Table 17 - Management's Allocation of the Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Loans to ACLL to Loans to ACLL to Total Total Total Total (dollars in thousands) ACLL Loans* Loan Class ACLL Loans* Loan Class* Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied$ 8,445 20 % 1.01 %$ 8,647 19 % 1.05 Nonowner occupied 2,733 7 0.87 2,700 7 0.88 Commercial real estate 24,341 36 1.55 23,769 32 1.63
Construction & land development 3,591 3 2.61
4,128 3 3.19 Commercial & industrial 3,768 9 0.96 3,487 8 1.02 Paycheck Protection Program - - - - 1 - Lease financing receivables 119 - 1.05 91 - 1.05 Aircraft 400 4 0.25 357 3 0.25 Home equity 4,113 5 1.92 4,111 5 1.95 Consumer: - - - Credit cards 994 - 6.45 934 - 6.44 Overdrafts 901 - 100.00 683 - 100.00 Automobile loans 122 - 1.27 186 - 1.29 Other consumer 200 - 16.06 314 - 21.93 Total Traditional Banking 49,727 84 1.35 49,407 78 1.41 Warehouse lines of credit 1,491 14 0.25 2,126 19 0.25 Total Core Banking 51,218 98 1.20 51,533 97 1.18Republic Processing Group : Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances - - - - - - Other TRS loans - - - 96 1 0.19 Republic Credit Solutions 13,231 2 14.41 12,948 2 13.91
Total Republic Processing Group 13,231 2 14.39
13,044 3 9.06 Total$ 64,449 100 1.48$ 64,577 100 1.44
* Values of less than 50 basis points are rounded down to zero.
105 Table of Contents Asset Quality
Classified and Special Mention Loans
The Bank applies credit quality indicators, or ratings, to individual loans based on internal Bank policies. Such internal policies are informed by regulatory standards. Loans rated "Loss," "Doubtful," "Substandard," and PCD-Substandard are considered "Classified." Loans rated "Special Mention" or PCD-Special Mention are considered Special Mention. The Bank's Classified and Special Mention loans decreased approximately$39 million during the first six months of 2022, driven primarily by commercial-purpose loans repaid or upgraded to a Pass rating during the first six months of 2022.
See Footnote 4 "Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses" of Part I Item 1
"Financial Statements" for additional discussion regarding Classified and
Special Mention loans.
Table 18 - Classified and Special Mention Loans
(dollars in thousands) June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 $ Change % Change Loss $ - $ - $ - - % Doubtful - - - - Substandard 16,471 21,714 (5,243) (24) PCD - Substandard 1,595 1,692 (97) (6) Total Classified Loans 18,066 23,406 (5,340) (23) Special Mention 81,034 114,496 (33,462) (29) PCD - Special Mention 757 795 (38) (5) Total Special Mention Loans 81,791 115,291 (33,500) (29) Total Classified and Special Mention Loans$ 99,857 $ 138,697$ (38,840) (28) % Nonperforming Loans Nonperforming loans include loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due 90-days-or-more and still accruing. The nonperforming loan category includes TDRs totaling approximately$5 million and$6 million as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 . Nonperforming loans to total loans decreased to 0.37% atJune 30, 2022 from 0.46% atDecember 31, 2021 , as the total balance of nonperforming loans decreased by$4 million , or 21%, while total loans decreased$134 million , or 3%, during the first six months of 2022. As presented in Tables 22 and 23 below, the decrease in nonperforming loans during 2022, including the nonaccrual loan component, was primarily driven by the refinancing of$5 million of these loans to another financial institution. The ACLL to total nonaccrual loans increased to 399% as ofJune 30, 2022 from 315% as ofDecember 31, 2021 , as the total ACLL decreased$128,000 and the balance of nonaccrual loans decreased by$4 million , or 21%. The driver of the decrease in nonaccrual loans was primarily the refinancing out of the Bank of$5 million of these loans during the first six months of 2022. 106
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Table 19 - Nonperforming Loans and Nonperforming Assets Summary
(dollars in thousands) June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Loans on nonaccrual status* $ 16,168 $ 20,504 Loans past due 90-days-or-more and still on accrual** 42 48 Total nonperforming loans 16,210 20,552 Other real estate owned 1,687 1,792 Total nonperforming assets $ 17,897 $ 22,344 Credit Quality Ratios -Total Company : ACLL to total loans 1.48 % 1.44 % Nonaccrual loans to total loans 0.37
0.46
ACLL to nonaccrual loans 399
315
Nonperforming loans to total loans 0.37
0.46
Nonperforming assets to total loans (including OREO) 0.41
0.50
Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.29
0.37
Credit Quality Ratios -Core Bank : ACLL to total loans 1.20 % 1.18 % Nonaccrual loans to total loans 0.38
0.47
ACLL to nonaccrual loans 317
251
Nonperforming loans to total loans 0.38
0.47
Nonperforming assets to total loans (including OREO) 0.42
0.51
Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.32
0.40
Loans on nonaccrual status include collateral-dependent loans. See Footnote 4
* "Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses" of Part I Item 1 "Financial Statements"
for additional discussion regarding collateral-dependent loans.
** Loans past due 90-days-or-more and still accruing consist of smaller balance
consumer loans.
Table 20 - Nonperforming Loan Composition
June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Percent of Percent of Total Total (dollars in thousands) Balance Loan Class Balance Loan Class Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied$ 11,538 1.39 %$ 12,039 1.47 % Nonowner occupied 128 0.04 95 0.03 Commercial real estate 3,228 0.21 6,557 0.45
Construction & land development - - -
- Commercial & industrial - - 13 0.00 Paycheck Protection Program - - - - Lease financing receivables - - - - Aircraft - - - - Home equity 1,016 0.47 1,700 0.81 Consumer: Credit cards - - - - Overdrafts - - 1 0.15 Automobile loans 36 0.38 97 0.67 Other consumer 222 17.83 3 0.21 Total Traditional Banking 16,168 0.44 20,505 0.59 Warehouse lines of credit - - - - Total Core Banking 16,168 0.38 20,505 0.47Republic Processing Group : Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances - - - - Other TRS loans - - - - Republic Credit Solutions 42 0.05 47 0.05
Total Republic Processing Group 42 0.05 47
0.03 Total nonperforming loans$ 16,210 0.37 %$ 20,552 0.46 % 107 Table of Contents
Table 21 - Stratification of Nonperforming Loans
Number of Nonperforming
Loans and
Balance June 30, 2022 Balance >$100 & Balance Total (dollars in thousands) No. <=$100 No. <=$500 No. >$500 No. Balance Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied 145$ 4,669 30$ 5,403 1$ 1,466 176$ 11,538 Nonowner occupied 4 128 - - - - 4 128 Commercial real estate - - 1 251 2 2,977 3 3,228
Construction & land development - - - - - - - - Commercial & industrial - - - - - - - - Paycheck Protection Program - - - - - - - - Lease financing receivables - - - -
- - - - Aircraft - - - - - - - - Home equity 27 714 2 302 - - 29 1,016 Consumer: Credit cards - - - - - - - - Overdrafts NM - - - - - NM - Automobile loans 6 36 - - - - 6 36 Other consumer 3 2 1 220 - - 4 222
Total Traditional Banking 185 5,549 34 6,176 3 4,443 222 16,168 Warehouse lines of credit - - - - - - - - Total Core Banking 185 5,549 34 6,176
3 4,443 222 16,168
Republic Processing Group : Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances - - - - - - - - Other TRS loans - - - - - - - -
Republic Credit Solutions NM 42 - - - - NM 42Total Republic Processing Group NM 42 - - - - NM 42 Total 185$ 5,591 34$ 6,176 3$ 4,443 222$ 16,210 Number of Nonperforming Loans and Recorded Investment Balance December 31, 2021 Balance >$100 & Balance Total (dollars in thousands) No. <=$100 No. <=$500 No. >$500 No. Balance Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied 146$ 5,042 27$ 4,857 2$ 2,140 175$ 12,039 Nonowner occupied 3 95 - - - - 3 95 Commercial real estate - - 4 872 3 5,685 7 6,557
Construction & land development - - - -
- - - - Commercial & industrial 1 13 - - - - 1 13 Paycheck Protection Program - - - - - - - - Lease financing receivables - - - - - - - - Aircraft - - - - - - - - Home equity 25 695 5 1,005 - - 30 1,700 Consumer: Credit cards - - - - - - NM - Overdrafts NM 1 - - - - NM 1 Automobile loans 13 97 - - - - 13 97 Other consumer 4 3 - - - - 4 3 Total Traditional Banking 192 5,946 36 6,734 5 7,825 233 20,505 Warehouse lines of credit - - - - - - - - Total Core Banking 192 5,946 36 6,734 5 7,825 233 20,505Republic Processing Group : Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances - - - - - - - - Other TRS loans - - - - - - - - Republic Credit Solutions NM 47 - - - - NM 47
Total Republic Processing Group NM 47 - -
- - NM 47 Total 192$ 5,993 36$ 6,734 5$ 7,825 233$ 20,552 108 Table of Contents
Table 22 - Rollforward of Nonperforming Loans
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, (in thousands) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Nonperforming loans at the beginning of the period$ 16,966 $ 22,520 $ 20,552 $ 23,595 Loans added to nonperforming status during the period that remained nonperforming at the end of the period 1,313 1,042 2,324 1,772 Loans removed from nonperforming status during the period that were nonperforming at the beginning of the period (see table below) (1,381) (934) (5,633) (2,838) Principal balance paydowns of loans nonperforming at both period ends (699) (490) (1,028) (860) Net change in principal balance of other loans nonperforming at both period ends* 11 206
(5) 675
Nonperforming loans at the end of the period$ 16,210 $ 22,344 $
16,210
* Includes relatively small consumer portfolios, e.g. RCS loans.
Table 23 - Detail of Loans Removed from Nonperforming Status
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, (in thousands) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Loans charged off $ - $ - $ - $ - Loans transferred to OREO - - - -
Loans refinanced at other institutions (1,381) (752) (5,429) (2,650)
Loans returned to accrual status
- (182)
(204) (188)
Total loans removed from nonperforming status during the period that were nonperforming at the beginning of the period$ (1,381) $ (934) $
(5,633)
Based on the Bank's review as of
reserves are adequate to absorb expected losses on all nonperforming loans.
Delinquent Loans
Total Company delinquent loans to total loans decreased to 0.26% as ofJune 30, 2022 from 0.30% as ofDecember 31, 2021 .Core Bank delinquent loans to totalCore Bank loans decreased to 0.13% as ofJune 30, 2022 from 0.17% as ofDecember 31, 2021 . With the exception of small-dollar consumer loans, allTraditional Bank loans past due 90-days-or-more as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 were on nonaccrual status. 109
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Table 24 - Delinquent Loan Composition*
June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Percent of Percent of Total Total (dollars in thousands) Balance Loan Class Balance Loan Class Traditional Banking: Residential real estate: Owner occupied$ 2,469 0.30 %$ 1,599 0.19 % Nonowner occupied 41 0.01 - - Commercial real estate 2,142 0.14 5,292 0.36
Construction & land development - - -
- Commercial & industrial 321 0.08 21 0.01 Paycheck Protection Program - - - - Lease financing receivables - - - - Aircraft - - - - Home equity 150 0.07 314 0.15 Consumer: Credit cards 24 0.16 30 0.21 Overdrafts 199 22.09 164 24.01 Automobile loans 6 0.06 9 0.06 Other consumer - - 1 0.07 Total Traditional Banking 5,352 0.15 7,430 0.21 Warehouse lines of credit - - - - Total Core Banking 5,352 0.13 7,430 0.17Republic Processing Group : Tax Refund Solutions: Easy Advances - - - - Other TRS loans - - - - Republic Credit Solutions 6,099 6.64 6,035 6.48
Total Republic Processing Group 6,099 6.63 6,035
4.19 Total delinquent loans$ 11,451 0.26 %$ 13,465 0.30 %
* Represents total loans 30-days-or-more past due. Delinquent status may be
determined by either the number of days past due or number of payments past due.
110 Table of Contents
Table 25 - Rollforward of Delinquent Loans
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, (in thousands) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Delinquent loans at the beginning of the period$ 16,215 $ 14,986 $ 13,465 $ 19,947 Loans added to delinquency status during the period and remained in delinquency status at the end of the period 1,714 2,717 2,348 3,276 Loans removed from delinquency status during the period that were in delinquency status at the beginning of the period (see table below) (1,944) (1,425) (4,104) (3,016) Principal balance paydowns of loans delinquent at both period ends (344) (31) (348) (54) Net change in principal balance of other loans delinquent at both period ends* (4,190) 2,471
90 (1,435)
Delinquent loans at the end of period
* Includes relatively-small consumer portfolios, e.g., RCS loans.
Table 26 - Detail of Loans Removed from Delinquent Status
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, (in thousands) 2022 2021 2022 2021 Loans charged off$ (1) $ (2) $ (1) $ (1)
Easy Advances paid off or charged off - - - - Loans transferred to OREO - - - -
Loans refinanced at other institutions (601) (667) (3,676) (1,796)
Loans paid current
(1,342) (756)
(427) (1,219)
Total loans removed from delinquency status during the period that were in delinquency status at the beginning of the period$ (1,944) $ (1,425) $
(4,104)
Collateral-Dependent Loans and Troubled Debt Restructurings
When management determines that a loan is collateral dependent and foreclosure is probable, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs, if appropriate. The Bank's policy is to charge-off all or that portion of its recorded investment in collateral-dependent loans upon a determination that it expects the full amount of contractual principal and interest will not be collected. A TDR is a situation where, due to a borrower's financial difficulties, the Bank grants a concession to the borrower that the Bank would not otherwise have considered. The majority of the Bank's TDRs involve a restructuring of loan terms such as a temporary reduction in the payment amount to require only interest and escrow (if required), reducing the loan's interest rate, and/or extending the maturity date of the debt. Nonaccrual loans modified as TDRs remain on nonaccrual status and continue to be reported as nonperforming loans. Accruing loans modified as TDRs are evaluated for nonaccrual status based on a current evaluation of the borrower's financial condition and ability and willingness to service the modified debt.
Table 27 - Collateral-Dependent Loans and Troubled Debt Restructurings
(dollars in thousands) June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
$ Change % Change
Cashflow-dependent TDRs $ 5,399 $ 5,960$ (561) (9) % Collateral-dependent TDRs 8,213 9,426 (1,213) (13) Total TDRs 13,612 15,386 (1,774) (12) Collateral-dependent loans (which are not TDRs) 10,632 14,645 (4,013) (27) Total recorded investment in TDRs and collateral-dependent loans$ 24,244 $
30,031
See Footnote 4 "Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses" of Part I Item 1
"Financial Statements" for additional discussion regarding collateral-dependent
loans and TDRs.
111 Table of Contents Deposits
Table 28 - Deposit Composition
(dollars in thousands) June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 $ Change % Change Core Bank: Demand$ 1,338,061 $ 1,381,522$ (43,461) (3) % Money market accounts 775,560 789,876 (14,316) (2) Savings 331,508 311,624 19,884 6 Individual retirement accounts (1) 41,305 43,724 (2,419) (6) Time deposits,$250 and over (1) 51,976 81,050 (29,074) (36) Other certificates of deposit (1) 132,536 154,174 (21,638) (14) Reciprocal money market and time deposits (1) 52,862 77,950 (25,088) (32)Total Core Bank interest-bearing deposits 2,723,808 2,839,920 (116,112) (4)Total Core Bank noninterest-bearing deposits 1,676,974 1,579,173 97,801 6Total Core Bank deposits 4,400,782 4,419,093 (18,311) (0)Republic Processing Group : Money market accounts 9,285 9,717 (432) (4) Total RPG interest-bearing deposits 9,285 9,717 (432) (4)
Brokered prepaid card deposits 319,455 320,907 (1,452) (0) Other noninterest-bearing deposits 98,007 90,701 7,306 8 Total RPG noninterest-bearing deposits 417,462 411,608 5,854 1 Total RPG deposits 426,747 421,325 5,422 1 Total deposits$ 4,827,529 $ 4,840,418$ (12,889) (0) % (1) Includes time deposit
billion
Total Core Bank deposits decreased minimally by$18 million with a$116 million decrease interest-bearing deposits offset by a$98 million increase in noninterest-bearing deposits. The net decrease in deposit balances for the first six months of 2022, compares unfavorably to the net growth in deposits for the previous two calendar years when deposit growth generally reached historical highs for the Company. Management believes the Company is more likely to experience slower overall growth in its deposits over the foreseeable future as the excess liquidity inthe United States is expected to decline due to the tightening of monetary and fiscal policy by the Federal Government.
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances
The Bank held$20 million of long-term FHLB advances as ofJune 30, 2022 compared to$25 million of overnight FHLB advances as ofDecember 31, 2021 . During the first six months of 2022, the Bank extended the term on$20 million of its FHLB advances in anticipation of increasing long-term interest rates and repaid the remaining$5 million . As ofJune 30, 2022 , the Company's$20 million of FHLB advances had a weighted average maturity of five years and a weighted average cost of 1.89%. Overall use of FHLB advances during a given year is dependent upon many factors including asset growth, deposit growth, current earnings, and expectations of future interest rates, among others.
Interest Rate Swaps
The Bank enters into interest rate swaps to facilitate client transactions and meet their financing needs. Upon entering into these instruments, the Bank enters into offsetting positions in order to minimize the Bank's interest rate risk. These swaps are derivatives, but are not designated as hedging instruments, and therefore changes in fair value are reported in current year earnings.
See Footnote 12 "Interest Rate Swaps" of Part I Item 1 "Financial Statements"
for additional discussion regarding the Bank's interest rate swaps.
112 Table of Contents Liquidity The Bank maintains sufficient liquidity to fund routine loan demand and routine deposit withdrawal activity. Liquidity is managed by maintaining sufficient liquid assets, primarily in the form of cash, cash equivalents, and unincumbered investment securities. Funding and cash flows can also be realized through deposit product promotions, the sale of AFS debt securities, principal paydowns on loans and mortgage-backed securities, and proceeds realized from loans held for sale.
Table 29 - Liquid Assets and Borrowing Capacity
The Company's liquid assets and borrowing capacity included the following:
(in thousands) June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Cash and cash equivalents$ 795,143 $ 756,971 Unincumbered debt securities 239,863 219,775 Total liquid assets 1,035,006 976,746
Borrowing capacity with the FHLB 904,785
900,424
Borrowing capacity through unsecured credit lines 125,000
125,000
Total borrowing capacity 1,029,785
1,025,424
Total liquid assets and borrowing capacity$ 2,064,791 $
2,002,170
The Bank had a loan to deposit ratio (excluding brokered deposits) of 97% as ofJune 30, 2022 and 99% as ofDecember 31, 2021 . Republic's banking centers and its website, www.republicbank.com, provide access to retail deposit markets. These retail deposit products, if offered at attractive rates, have historically been a source of additional funding when needed. If the Bank were to lose a significant funding source, such as a few major depositors, or if any of its lines of credit were cancelled, or if the Bank cannot obtain brokered deposits, the Bank would be compelled to offer market leading deposit interest rates to meet its funding and liquidity needs. As ofJune 30, 2022 , the Bank had approximately$1.4 billion in deposits from 234 large non-sweep deposit relationships, including reciprocal deposits, where the individual relationship exceeded$2 million . The 20 largest non-sweep deposit relationships represented approximately$523 million , or 11%, of the Company's total deposit balances as of as ofJune 30, 2022 . These accounts do not require collateral; therefore, cash from these accounts can generally be utilized to fund the loan portfolio. If any of these balances were moved from the Bank, the Bank would likely utilize overnight borrowing lines in the short-term to replace the balances. On a longer-term basis, the Bank would likely utilize wholesale-brokered deposits to replace withdrawn balances, or alternatively, higher-cost internet-sourced deposits. Based on past experience utilizing brokered deposits and internet-sourced deposits, the Bank believes it can quickly obtain these types of deposits if needed. The overall cost of gathering these types of deposits, however, could be substantially higher than theTraditional Bank deposits they replace, potentially decreasing the Bank's earnings. The Bank's liquidity is impacted by its ability to sell certain investment securities, which is limited due to the level of investment securities that are needed to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, FHLB borrowings, and for other purposes, as required by law. As ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , these pledged investment securities had a fair value of$415 million and$320 million . 113 Table of Contents Capital Total stockholders' equity increased from$834 million as ofDecember 31, 2021 to$842 million as ofJune 30, 2022 . The increase in stockholders' equity was primarily attributable to net income earned during 2022 reduced primarily by cash dividends declared, repurchases of Class A Common shares, and a$24 million decrease in AOCI. Common Stock - The Class A Common shares are entitled to cash dividends equal to 110% of the cash dividend paid per share on Class B Common Stock. Class A Common shares have one vote per share and ClassB Common shares have ten votes per share. ClassB Common shares may be converted, at the option of the holder, to Class A Common shares on a share for share basis. The Class A Common shares are not convertible into any other class of Republic's capital stock. Dividend Restrictions -The Parent Company's principal source of funds for dividend payments are dividends received from RB&T. Banking regulations limit the amount of dividends that may be paid to the Parent Company by the Bank without prior approval of the respective states' banking regulators. Under these regulations, the amount of dividends that may be paid in any calendar year is limited to the current year's net profits, combined with the retained net profits of the preceding two years. As ofJuly 1, 2022 , RB&T could, without prior approval, declare dividends of approximately$135 million . Any payment of dividends in the future will depend, in large part, on the Company's earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, and other factors considered relevant by the Company's Board of Directors. Regulatory Capital Requirements - The Company and the Bank are subject to capital regulations in accordance with Basel III, as administered by banking regulators. Regulatory agencies measure capital adequacy within a framework that makes capital requirements, in part, dependent on the individual risk profiles of financial institutions. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on Republic's financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Parent Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company's assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items, as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators regarding components, risk weightings, and other factors. Banking regulators have categorized the Bank as well capitalized. For prompt corrective action, the regulations in accordance with Basel III define "well capitalized" as a 10.0%Total Risk-Based Capital ratio, a 6.5% Common Equity Tier 1Risk-Based Capital ratio, an 8.0% Tier 1Risk-Based Capital ratio, and a 5.0% Tier 1 Leverage ratio. Additionally, in order to avoid limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers, the Company and Bank must hold a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% composed of Common Equity Tier 1Risk-Based Capital above their minimum risk-based capital requirements. Republic continues to exceed the regulatory requirements forTotal Risk-Based Capital ,Common Equity Tier I Risk-Based Capital ,Tier I Risk Based-Capital , andTier I Leverage Capital . Republic and the Bank intend to maintain a capital position that meets or exceeds the "well-capitalized" requirements as defined by the FRB and theFDIC , in addition to the Capital Conservation Buffer. Republic's average stockholders' equity to average assets ratio was 13.41% as ofJune 30, 2022 and 13.41% as ofDecember 31, 2021 . Formal measurements of the capital ratios for Republic and the Bank are performed by the Company at each quarter end. 114 Table of Contents
Table 30 - Capital Ratios (1)
As of June 30, 2022 As of December 31, 2021 (dollars in thousands) Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Total capital to risk-weighted assets Republic Bancorp, Inc.$ 910,392 18.07 %$ 878,488 17.47 % Republic Bank & Trust Company 880,873 17.51
861,815 17.14
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets Republic Bancorp, Inc.$ 853,027 16.94 %$ 823,504 16.37 % Republic Bank & Trust Company 823,508 16.37 806,831 16.05 Tier 1 (core) capital to risk-weighted assets Republic Bancorp, Inc.$ 853,027 16.94 %$ 823,504 16.37 % Republic Bank & Trust Company 823,508 16.37 806,831 16.05 Tier 1 leverage capital to average assets Republic Bancorp, Inc.$ 853,027 13.69 %$ 823,504 13.35 % Republic Bank & Trust Company 823,508 13.18 806,831 13.10
The Company and the Bank elected in 2020 to defer the impact of CECL on
regulatory capital. The deferral period is five years, with the total
(1) estimated CECL impact 100% deferred for the first two years, then phased in
over the next three years. If not for this election, the Company's regulatory
capital ratios would have been approximately 10 basis points lower than those
presented in the table above as of
Asset/Liability Management and Market Risk
Asset/liability management is designed to ensure safety and soundness, maintain liquidity, meet regulatory capital standards, and achieve acceptable net interest income based on the Bank's risk tolerance. Interest rate risk is the exposure to adverse changes in net interest income as a result of market fluctuations in interest rates. The Bank, on an ongoing basis, monitors interest rate and liquidity risk in order to implement appropriate funding and balance sheet strategies. Management considers interest rate risk to be a significant risk to the Bank's overall earnings and balance sheet.
The interest sensitivity profile of the Bank at any point in time will be
impacted by a number of factors. These factors include the mix of interest
sensitive assets and liabilities, as well as their relative pricing schedules.
It is also influenced by changes in market interest rates, deposit and loan
balances, and other factors.
The Bank utilizes earnings simulation models as tools to measure interest rate sensitivity, including both a static and dynamic earnings simulation model. A static simulation model is based on current exposures and assumes a constant balance sheet. In contrast, a dynamic simulation model relies on detailed assumptions regarding changes in existing business lines, new business, and changes in management and customer behavior. While the Bank runs the static simulation model as one measure of interest rate risk, historically, the Bank has utilized its dynamic earnings simulation model as its primary interest rate risk tool to measure the potential changes in market interest rates and their subsequent effects on net interest income for a one-year time period. This dynamic model projects a "Base" case net interest income over the next 12 months and the effect on net interest income of instantaneous movements in interest rates between various basis point increments equally across all points on the yield curve. Many assumptions based on growth expectations and on the historical behavior of the Bank's deposit and loan rates and their related balances in relation to changes in interest rates are incorporated into this dynamic model. These assumptions are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the dynamic model cannot precisely measure future net interest income or precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in market interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from the model's simulated results due to the actual timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, the actual timing and magnitude of changes in loan and deposit balances, as well as the actual changes in market conditions and the application and timing of various management strategies as compared to those projected in the various simulated models. Additionally, actual results could differ materially from the model if interest rates do not move equally across all points on the yield curve. 115
Table of Contents
As ofJune 30, 2022 , the Company ran a dynamic simulation model for interest rate changes from "Down 100" basis points to "Up 400" basis points. The following table illustrates the Bank's projected percent change from its Base net interest income over the period beginningJuly 1, 2022 and endingJune 30, 2023 based on instantaneous movements in interest rates from Down 100 to Up 400 basis points equally across all points on the yield curve. The Bank's dynamic earnings simulation model includes secondary market loan fees and excludesTraditional Bank loan fees.
Table 31 - Bank Interest Rate Sensitivity
Change in Rates -100 +100 +200 +300 +400 Basis Points Basis Points
Basis Points Basis Points Basis Points
% Change from base net interest income as of June 30, 2022 (1.8) % 1.6 % 4.0 % 6.6 % 9.3 % % Change from base net interest income as of December 31, 2021 1.3 % (0.6) % 0.7 % 4.7 % 9.3 % For the Up-100, Up-200, and Up-300 scenarios, theJune 30, 2022 simulation reflected a more positive outcome for the Bank's net interest income than the comparableDecember 31, 2021 simulation. For the Down-100 scenario, theDecember 2021 simulation reflected a more positive outcome than theJune 2022 simulation. The Up-400 scenario saw no change in expectation from December to June. For the Up-rate scenarios, the changes in simulation outcomes fromDecember 2021 toJune 2022 were primarily due, in general, to a positive impact to interest income for those loans with rates that are no longer below their interest rate floors as ofJune 2022 compared toDecember 2021 when the base market interest rates were considerably lower.
LIBOR Exposure
InJuly 2017 , theFinancial Conduct Authority ("FCA"), the authority regulating LIBOR, along with various other regulatory bodies, announced that LIBOR would likely be discontinued at the end of 2021. Subsequent to that announcement, inNovember 2020 , theFCA announced that many tenors of LIBOR would continue to be published throughJune 2023 . In compliance with regulatory guidance, the Bank discontinued referencing LIBOR for new financial instruments during 2021 and chose SOFR to be its primary alternative reference rate for most transaction types upon the discontinuance or unavailability of LIBOR. Regarding its legacy assets that reference LIBOR, the Bank has previously disclosed that the underlying contracts for these assets may not include adequate "fallback" language to use alternative indexes and margins when LIBOR ceases. However, onMarch 15, 2022 ,President Biden signed into law the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act (the "LIBOR Law"), which is designed to accomplish the following:
Establish a clear and uniform process, on a nationwide basis, for replacing
? LIBOR in existing contracts the terms of which do not provide for the use of a
clearly defined or practicable replacement benchmark rate, without affecting
the ability of parties to use any appropriate benchmark rate in new contracts;
Preclude litigation related to existing contracts, the terms of which do not
? provide for the use of a clearly defined or practicable replacement benchmark
rate;
Allow existing contracts that reference LIBOR but provide for the use of a
? clearly defined and practicable replacement rate to operate according to their
terms; and
? Address LIBOR references in federal law.
With limited exception, the LIBOR Law generally covers legacy LIBOR contracts with no or inadequate fallback provisions. Additionally, under the LIBOR Law, bySeptember 11, 2022 , theBoard of Governors of theFederal Reserve System (the "Board") must issue regulations to give effect to the law, including the selection of a Board-Selected Benchmark Replacement that is based on SOFR and incorporates an applicable tenor spread adjustment and the identification of any related conforming changes. As ofJune 30, 2022 , the Company had approximately$773 million of legacy assets that reference LIBOR, with short-term Warehouse loans representing$331 million of these assets and commercial and mortgage loans primarily making up the remainder. As ofJune 30, 2022 , of the Bank's legacy assets that reference LIBOR, approximately$406 million of those assets were scheduled to mature afterJune 30, 2023 . These amounts exclude derivative assets and liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. As ofJune 30, 2022 , the notional amount of the Company's LIBOR-referenced interest rate derivative contracts was approximately$232 million , with$230 million of such notional amount scheduled to mature afterJune 30, 2023 . 116
Table of Contents
For additional discussion regarding the Bank's net interest income, see the
sections titled "Net Interest Income" in this section of the filing under
"RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Three Months Ended
Months Ended
30, 2022
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