New Affordable Care Act Research from University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health Described (The US Medicaid Program): Affordable Care Act

2022 OCT 06 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health Policy and Law Daily -- New research on affordable care act is the subject of a new report. According to news originating from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “Importance: Medicaid is the largest health insurance program by enrollment in the US and has an important role in financing care for eligible low-income adults, children, pregnant persons, older adults, people with disabilities, and people from racial and ethnic minority groups.”

The news journalists obtained a quote from the research from University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health: “Medicaid has evolved with policy reform and expansion under the Affordable Care Act and is at a crossroads in balancing its role in addressing health disparities and health inequities against fiscal and political pressures to limit spending. To describe Medicaid eligibility, enrollment, and spending and to examine areas of Medicaid policy, including managed care, payment, and delivery system reforms; Medicaid expansion; racial and ethnic health disparities; and the potential to achieve health equity. Evidence Review: Analyses of publicly available data reported from 2010 to 2022 on Medicaid enrollment and program expenditures were performed to describe the structure and financing of Medicaid and characteristics of Medicaid enrollees. A search of PubMed for peer-reviewed literature and online reports from nonprofit and government organizations was conducted between August 1, 2021, and February 1, 2022, to review evidence on Medicaid managed care, delivery system reforms, expansion, and health disparities. Peer-reviewed articles and reports published between January 2003 and February 2022 were included.”

According to the news reporters, the research concluded: “Medicaid covered approximately 80.6 million people (mean per month) in 2022 (24.2% of the US population) and accounted for an estimated $671.2 billion in health spending in 2020, representing 16.3% of US health spending. Medicaid accounted for an estimated 27.2% of total state spending and 7.6% of total federal expenditures in 2021. States enrolled 69.5% of Medicaid beneficiaries in managed care plans in 2019 and adopted 139 delivery system reforms from 2003 to 2019. The 38 states (and Washington, DC) that expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act experienced gains in coverage, increased federal revenues, and improvements in health care access and some health outcomes. Approximately 56.4% of Medicaid beneficiaries were from racial and ethnic minority groups in 2019, and disparities in access, quality, and outcomes are common among these groups within Medicaid. Expanding Medicaid, addressing disparities within Medicaid, and having an explicit focus on equity in managed care and delivery system reforms may represent opportunities for Medicaid to advance health equity. Conclusions and Relevance: Medicaid insures a substantial portion of the US population, accounts for a significant amount of total health spending and state expenditures, and has evolved with delivery system reforms, increased managed care enrollment, and state expansions. Additional Medicaid policy reforms are needed to reduce health disparities by race and ethnicity and to help achieve equity in access, quality, and outcomes.”

For more information on this research see: The US Medicaid Program. JAMA, 2022,328(11). The publisher for JAMA is American Medical Association (AMA).

A free version of this journal article is available at https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.14791.

Our news editors report that additional information may be obtained by contacting Julie M. Donohue, Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. Additional authors for this research include Evan S. Cole, Cara V. James, Marian Jarlenski, Jamila D. Michener, Eric T. Roberts.

(Our reports deliver fact-based news of research and discoveries from around the world.)