SIP pdf Q3 2024

Notes to Readers

Use of this document:

Information in the document is supplementary to the Company's current quarter Press Release, MD&A and audited financial statements in the most recent Annual Report and should be read in conjunction with those documents.

Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures

The Company prepares its Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. We use a number of non-GAAP and other financial measures to evaluate overall performance and to assess each of our businesses. This section includes information required by National Instrument 52- 112 - Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures Disclosure in respect of "specified financial measures" (as defined therein).

Non-GAAPfinancial measures includes core earnings (loss); pre-tax core earnings; core earnings available to common shareholders; core earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("core EBITDA"); total expenses; core expenses; core revenue; Manulife Bank net lending assets; Manulife Bank average net lending assets; assets under management ("AUM"); assets under management and administration ("AUMA"); Global Wealth and Asset Management ("Global WAM") managed AUMA; adjusted book value; net annualized fee income; post-tax contractual service margin ("post-tax CSM"); post-tax contractual service margin net of non-controlling interests ("NCI") ("post-tax CSM net of NCI"); core DOE line items for core net insurance service result, core net investment result, other core earnings, and core income tax (expense) recovery. In addition, non-GAAP financial measures include the following stated on a constant exchange rate ("CER") basis: any of the foregoing non-GAAP financial measures; net income attributed to shareholders; common shareholders' net income; and new business CSM.

Non-GAAPratios includes core retuon shareholders' equity ("core ROE"); diluted core earnings per common share ("core EPS"); financial leverage ratio; common share core dividend payout ratio; effective tax rate on core earnings; expense efficiency ratio; core EBITDA margin; post-tax CSM net of NCI per common share; adjusted book value per common share; adjusted book value excluding goodwill per common share; market value to adjusted book value ratio; market value to adjusted book value excluding goodwill ratio and net annualized fee income yield on average AUMA. In addition, non-GAAP ratios include the percentage growth/decline on a CER basis in any of the above non- GAAP financial measures and non-GAAP ratios; net income attributed to shareholders; common shareholders' net income; pre-tax net income attributed to shareholders; basic earnings per common share; and diluted earnings per common share; CSM net of NCI; impact of new insurance business net of NCI; new business CSM; basic earnings per common share ("basic EPS") and diluted earnings per common share ("diluted EPS").

Other specified financial measures include assets under administration ("AUA"); consolidated capital; new business value ("NBV"); new business value margin ("NBV margin"); sales; annualized premium equivalent ("APE") sales; gross flows; net flows; average assets under management and administration ("average AUMA"); Global WAM average managed AUMA; average assets under administration; any of the foregoing specified financial measures stated on a CER basis; and percentage growth/decline in any of the foregoing specified financial measures on a CER basis. In addition, we provide an explanation of the components of core DOE line items other than the change in expected credit loss, the items that comprise certain items excluded from core earnings, and the components of CSM movement other than the new business CSM.

Our reporting currency for the Company is Canadian dollars and U.S. dollars is the functional currency for Asia and U.S. segment results. Financial measures presented in U.S. dollars are calculated in the same manner as the Canadian dollar measures. These amounts are translated to U.S. dollars using the period end rate of exchange for financial measures such as AUMA and the CSM balance and the average rates of exchange for the respective quarter for periodic financial measures such as our income statement, core earnings and items excluded from core earnings, and line items in our CSM movement schedule and DOE. Year-to-date or full year

periodic financial measures presented in U.S. dollars are calculated as the sum of the quarterly results translated to U.S. dollars. See "Foreign Exchange Information" section in the Other Financial Information page for the Canadian to U.S. dollar quarterly rates of exchange.

Non-GAAP financial measures and non-GAAP ratios are not standardized financial measures under GAAP and, therefore, might not be comparable to similar financial measures disclosed by other issuers. Therefore, they should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any other financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. For more information on the non-GAAP and other financial measures in this document, see the section "Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures" in our most recently filed Management's Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A"), which is incorporated by reference and available on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.com.

Core earnings (loss) is a financial measure which we believe aids investors in better understanding the long- term earnings capacity and valuation of the business. Core earnings allows investors to focus on the Company's operating performance by excluding the impact of market related gains or losses, changes in actuarial methods and assumptions that flow directly through income as well as a number of other items, that we believe are material, but do not reflect the underlying earnings capacity of the business. For example, due to the long-term nature of our business, the mark-to-market movements in equity markets, interest rates including impacts on hedge accounting ineffectiveness, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices as well as the change in the fair value of ALDA from period-to-period can, and frequently do, have a substantial impact on the reported amounts of our assets, insurance contract liabilities and net income attributed to shareholders. These reported amounts may not be realized if markets move in the opposite direction in a subsequent period. This makes it very difficult for investors to evaluate how our businesses are performing from period-to-period and to compare our performance with other issuers

For more information on core earnings, see the section "Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures" in our most recently filed MD&A.

Net income attributed to shareholders includes the following items excluded from core earnings:

• Market experience gains (losses) related to items excluded from core earnings that relate to changes in market variables.
• Changes in actuarial methods and assumptions that flow directly through incomerelated to updates in the methods and assumptions used to value insurance contract liabilities.
• Restructuring charges includes a charge taken to reorganize operations.
• Reinsurance transactions, tax-related items and other include the impacts of new or changes toin-forcereinsurance contracts, the impact of enacted or substantially enacted income tax rate changes and other amounts defined as items excluded from core earnings not specifically captured in the lines above.

Drivers of Earnings ("DOE") is used to identify the primary sources of gains or losses in each reporting period. It is one of the key tools we use to understand and manage our business. The DOE line items are comprised of amounts that have been included in our financial statements. The DOE shows the sources of net income (loss) attributed to shareholders and the core DOE shows the sources of core earnings and the items excluded from core earnings, reconciled to net income attributed to shareholders.

The elements of the core earnings DOE are described below:

• Net Insurance Service Result represents the net income attributed to shareholders associated with providing insurance service to policyholders within the period. This includes lines attributed to core earnings including:
• • Expected earnings on insurance contracts which includes the release of risk adjustment for expired non-financial risk, the CSM recognized for service provided and expected earnings on short-term PAA insurance business.

Notes to Readers (continued)

• • Impact of new insurance business relates to income at initial recognition from new insurance contracts. Losses would occur if the group of new insurance contracts was onerous at initial recognition. If reinsurance contracts provide coverage for the direct insurance contracts, then the loss is offset by a corresponding gain on reinsurance contracts held.
  • Insurance experience gains (losses) arise from items such as claims, persistency, and expenses, where the actual experience in the current period differs from the expected results assumed in the insurance and investment contract liabilities. Generally, this line would be driven by claims and expenses, as persistency experience relates to future service and would be offset by changes to the carrying amount of the contractual service margin unless the group is onerous, in which case the impact of persistency experience would be included in core earnings.
  • Other represents pre-tax net income on residual items in the insurance result section.
• Net Investment Result represents the net income attributed to shareholders associated with investment results within the period. Note that results associated with Global Wealth and Asset Management and Manulife Bank are shown on separate DOE lines. However within the income statement, the results associated with these businesses would impact the total net investment result. This section includes lines attributed to core earnings including:
• • Expected investment earnings, which is the difference between expected asset returns and the associated finance income or expense from insurance contract liabilities, net of investment expenses.
  • Change in expected credit loss which is the gain or charge to net income attributed to shareholders for credit losses to bring the allowance for credit losses to a level management considers adequate for expected credit-related losses on its portfolio.
  • Expected earnings on surplus reflects the expected investment retuon surplus assets.
  • Other represents pre-tax net income on residual items in the investment result section
• Global Wealth and Asset Management ("Global WAM")is thepre-taxnet income from the Global Wealth and Asset Management segment, adjusted for applicable items excluded from core earnings as noted in the core earnings (loss) section above.
• Manulife Bank is the pre-tax net income from Manulife Bank, adjusted for applicable items excluded from core earnings as noted in the core earnings (loss) section above.
• Other represents net income associated with items outside of the net insurance service result, net investment result, Global WAM and Manulife Bank. Other includes lines attributed to core earnings such as:
• • Non-directlyattributable expenses are expenses incurred by the Company which are not directly attributable to fulfilling insurance contracts. Non-directly attributable expenses excludes non-directly attributable investment expenses as they are included in the net investment result.
  • Other represents pre-tax net income on residual items in the Other section. Most notably this would include the cost of financing debt issued by Manulife.

Contractual Service Margin ("CSM") is a liability that represents future unearned profits on insurance contracts written. It is a component of our insurance and reinsurance contract liabilities on our Statement of Financial Position and includes amounts attributed to common shareholders, participating policyholders and non-controlling interests.

In 2023, we included amounts attributed to common shareholders, participating policyholders and non-controlling interests in our reporting of changes in the CSM. Effective January 1, 2024, we no longer include amounts related to non-controlling interests, referred to as CSM net of NCI and prior year amounts have been restated. The new business CSM reconciliation has been adjusted to remove NCI information.

Changes in the CSM net of NCI are classified as organic and inorganic. Changes in CSM net of NCI that are classified as organic include the following impacts:

• Impact of new insurance business ("impact of new business" or "new business CSM") is the impact from insurance contracts initially recognized in the period and includes acquisition expense related gains (losses) which impact the CSM in the period. It excludes the impact from entering into new in-force reinsurance contracts which would generally be considered a management action.
• Expected movement related to finance income or expensesincludes interest accreted on the CSM net of NCI during the period and the expected change on VFA contracts if returns are as expected.
• CSM recognized for service provided is the portion of the CSM net of NCI that is recognized in net income for service provided in the period; and
• Insurance experience gains (losses) and other is primarily the change from experience variances that relate to future periods. This includes persistency experience and changes in future period cash flows

caused by other current period experience.

Changes in CSM net of NCI that are classified as inorganic include a) Changes in actuarial methods and assumptions that adjust the CSM b) Effect of movement in exchange rates over the reporting period c) Impact of markets and d) Reinsurance transactions, tax-related and other items.

Post-taxCSM is used in the definition of financial leverage ratio and consolidated capital and is calculated as the CSM adjusted for the marginal income tax rate in the jurisdictions that report a CSM balance. Post-taxCSM net of NCI is used in the adjusted book value per share calculation and is calculated as the CSM net of NCI adjusted for the marginal income tax rate in the jurisdictions that report this balance.

New business value ("NBV") is the change in embedded value as a result of sales in the reporting period. NBV is calculated as the present value of shareholders' interests in expected future distributable earnings, after the cost of capital calculated under the LICAT framework in Canada and the International High Net Worth business and the local capital requirements in Asia and the U.S., on actual new business sold in the period using assumptions that are consistent with the assumptions used in the calculation of embedded value.

NBV excludes businesses with immaterial insurance risks, such as the Company's Global WAM, Manulife Bank and the Property and Casualty (P&C) Reinsurance businesses. NBV is a useful metric to evaluate the value created by the Company's new business franchise.

NBV margin is calculated as NBV divided by APE sales excluding non-controlling interests. APE sales are calculated as 100% of regular premiums and deposits sales and 10% of single premiums and deposits sales. NBV margin is a useful metric to help understand the profitability of our new business.

Annualized Premium Equivalent ("APE") Sales are comprised of 100% of regular premiums and deposits and 10% of excess and single premiums and deposits for both insurance and insurance-based wealth accumulation products.

1. For individual insurance, sales include 100% of new annualized premiums and 10% of both excess and single premiums. New annualized premiums reflect the annualized premium expected in the first year of a policy that requires premium payments for more than one year. Single premium is the lump sum premium from the sale of a single premium product, e.g. travel insurance. Sales are reported gross before the impact of reinsurance.
2. For group insurance, sales includes new annualized premiums and administrative services only (ASO) premium equivalents on new cases, as well as the addition of new coverages and

amendments to contracts, excluding rate increases.

Insurance-based wealth accumulation products sales include all new deposits into variable and fixed annuity contracts. As we have discontinued sales of new VA contracts in the U.S., in the first quarter of 2013, subsequent deposits into existing U.S. VA contracts are not reported as sales. Asia variable annuity deposits are included in APE sales.

Notes to Readers (continued)

Gross Flows is a new business measure presented for our Global WAM business and includes all deposits into mutual funds, group pension/retirement savings products, private wealth and institutional asset management products. Gross flows is a common industry metric for WAM businesses as it provides a measure of how successful the businesses are at attracting assets.

Net flows is presented for our Global WAM business and includes gross flows less redemptions for mutual funds, group pension/retirement savings products, private wealth and institutional asset management products. In addition, net flows include the net flows of exchange traded funds and non- proprietary product sold by Manulife Securities. Net flows is a common industry metric for WAM businesses as it provides a measure of how successful the businesses are at attracting and retaining assets. When net flows are positive, they are referred to as net inflows. Conversely, negative net flows are referred to as net outflows.

Core earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("Core EBITDA") is a financial measure which Manulife uses to better understand thelong-termearnings capacity and valuation of our Global WAM business on a basis more comparable to how the profitability of global asset managers is generally measured. Core EBITDA presents core earnings before the impact of interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. Core EBITDA excludes certain acquisition expenses related to insurance contracts in our retirement businesses which are deferred and amortized over the expected lifetime of the customer relationship. Core EBITDA was selected as a key performance indicator for our Global WAM business, as EBITDA is widely used among asset management peers, and core earnings is a primary profitability metric for the Company overall.

Core EBITDA margin is a financial measure which Manulife uses to better understand the long-term profitability of our Global WAM business on a more comparable basis to how profitability of global asset managers are measured. Core EBITDA margin presents core earnings before the impact of interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization divided by core revenue from these businesses. Core revenue is used to calculate our core EBITDA margin, and is equal to the sum of pre-tax other revenue and investment income in Global WAM included in core EBITDA, and it excludes such items as revenue related to integration and acquisitions and market experience gains (losses). Core EBITDA margin was selected as a key performance indicator for our Global WAM business, as EBITDA margin is widely used among asset management peers, and core earnings is a primary profitability metric for the Company overall.

Net annualized fee income yield on average AUMA ("Net Fee income yield") is a financial measure that represents the net annualized fee income from Global WAM channels over average AUMA. This measure provides information on Global WAM's adjusted retugenerated from managing AUMA. Net annualized fee income is a financial measure that represents Global WAM income before income taxes, adjusted to exclude items unrelated to net fee income, including general expenses, investment income,non-AUMArelated net benefits and claims, and net premium taxes. It also excludes the components of Global WAM net fee income from managing assets on behalf of other segments. This measure is annualized based on the number of days in the year divided by the number of days in the reporting period.

Assets under management and administration ("AUMA") is a financial measure of the size of the Company. It is comprised of AUM and AUA. AUM includes assets of general account, consisting of total invested assets and segregated funds net assets, and external client assets for which we provide investment management services, consisting of mutual fund, institutional asset management and other fund net assets. AUA are assets for which we provide administrative services only. Assets under management and administration is a common industry metric for wealth and asset management businesses.

Our Global WAM business also manages assets on behalf of other segments of the Company. Global WAM Managed AUMA is a financial measure equal to the sum of Global WAM's AUMA and assets managed by Global WAM on behalf of other segments. It is an important measure of the assets managed by Global WAM.

Average assets under management and administration ("average AUMA") is the average of Global WAM's AUMA during the reporting period. It is a measure used in analyzing and explaining fee income and earnings of our Global WAM segment. It is calculated as the average of the opening balance of AUMA and the ending balance of AUMA using daily balances where available andmonth-endorquarter-endaverages when daily averages are unavailable. Similarly, Global WAM average managed AUMA and average AUA are the average of Global WAM's managed AUMA and AUA, respectively, and are calculated in a manner consistent with average AUMA.

Manulife Bank net lending assets is a financial measure equal to the sum of Manulife Bank's loans and mortgages, net of allowances. Manulife Bank average net lending assets is a financial measure which is calculated as the quarter-end average of the opening and the ending balance of net lending assets. Both of these financial measures are a measure of the size of Manulife Bank's portfolio of loans and mortgages and is used to analyze and explain its earnings.

Adjusted book value is the sum of common shareholders' equity and post-tax CSM net of NCI. It is an important measure for monitoring growth and measuring insurance businesses' value. Adjusted book value per common share is calculated by dividing adjusted book value by the number of common shares outstanding at the end of the period.

Expense efficiency ratio is a financial measure which Manulife uses to measure progress towards our target to be more efficient. It is defined as core expenses divided by the sum of core earnings before income taxes ("pre-tax core earnings") and core expenses. Core expenses is used to calculate expense efficiency ratio and is equal to total expenses that are included in core earnings and excludes such items as material legal provisions for settlements, restructuring charges and expenses related to integration and acquisitions. Total expenses include the following items that flow directly through income: general expenses, directly attributable maintenance expenses and directly attributable acquisition expenses for contracts measured using the PAA method.

Consolidated capital serves as a foundation of our capital management activities at the MFC level. Consolidated capital is calculated as the sum of: (i) total equity excluding accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") on cash flow hedges; (ii) post-tax CSM; and (iii) certain other capital instruments that qualify as regulatory capital. For regulatory reporting purposes under the LICAT framework, the numbers are further adjusted for various additions or deductions to capital as mandated by the guidelines defined by OSFI.

Common share core dividend payout ratio is a ratio that measures the percentage of core earnings paid to common shareholders as dividends. It is calculated as dividends per common share divided by core EPS.

Core earnings per share is equal to core earnings available to common shareholders divided by diluted weighted average common shares outstanding.

Core ROE measures profitability using core earnings available to common shareholders as a percentage of the capital deployed to eathe core earnings. The Company calculates core ROE using average common shareholders' equity quarterly, as the average of common shareholders' equity at the start and end of the quarter, and annually, as the average of the quarterly average common shareholders' equity for the year.

Effective tax rate on core earnings is equal to income tax on core earnings divided by pre-tax core earnings. The effective tax rate on net income attributed to shareholders is equal to income tax on net income attributed to shareholders divided by pre-tax net income attributed to shareholders.

Financial leverage ratio is a debt-to-equity ratio. The ratio is calculated as the sum of long-term debt, capital instruments and preferred shares and other equity instruments divided by the sum of long-term debt, capital instruments, equity and post-tax CSM.

Shareholders' Net Income (loss) by Reporting Segment

Shareholders' Earnings Analysis

82 % 82 %

82 % 82 %

1,772 733

1. 826

1. 441

1,213 932

1. 512
   3,747 3,444

1. (204)
   3,537 3,240
   3,538 3,260

1,923 1,484

1,178 1,135

1,278 1,285

1,255 968

1. 39
   5,319 4,911
   5,340 4,928

(1,258) (1,657)

1. (14)

1. -

1. 204
   3,747 3,444
   3,748 3,464

9 % 8 %

8 % 8 %

1,348

1,191

639

1,297

628

5,103

(303)

4,800

4,814

2,048

1,487

1,759

1,321

69

6,684

6,703

(1,790)

105

(36)

140

5,103

5,117

Growth Metrics

Performance and Profitability Measures

6,137 4,890

2,045 1,541

2,235 1,694

128,174 108,241

12,032 5,832

20,930 17,369

1,551,475 1,321,727

Valuation Data

Capital Information

1. pps -0.2 pps -29 pps 0 pps

1. pps

1. %

1. %

1. %

1. %

1. %

1. %

1. %

1. %

1. %
   -1.7 pps
   -

24.40 22.42

10.57 8.25

34.97 30.67

1.14 0.81

20.92 19.14

31.49 27.39

1.27 0.91

70.3 45.1

78,291 71,365

23.5% 25.2%

137% 137%

Drivers of Earnings - Core 1

82 % 82 %

652818

1,527 1,239

633552

2,812 2,609

1. (124)

15(12)

7584

2,819 2,557

2,072 2,123

1. (252)

755 831

5022

2,852 2,724

1,365 1,117

175 185

1. (500)

1. (302)

1. (802)
   6,240 5,781

1. (870)
   5,319 4,911

1. (79)

92(186)

425(79)

1. (1,242)
   16(71)

(1,258) (1,657)

1. (14)

1. -

1. 204
   3,747 3,444

9 % 8 %

1,057

1,768

755

3,580

(168)

(7)

108

3,513

2,817

(252)

1,095

21

3,681

1,525

249

(717)

(403)

(1,120)

7,848

(1,164)

6,684

(130)

(152)

103

(1,623)

12

(1,790)

105

(36)

140

5,103

Changes in Contractual Service Margin, net of non-controlling interests

1 This item is non-GAAP financial measure. See "Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures" in the "Notes to Readers" section for more information.

20,440 17,283

2,045 1,541

670 581

(1,714) (1,353)

1. (223)

724 546

1. 116

1. (140)

1. (441)

1. 5

1. (460)
   49086

20,930 17,369

(2,335) (2,377)

18,595 14,992

17,283

2,167

803

(1,941)

(254)

775

2,756

(479)

51

54

2,382

3,157

20,440

(2,692)

17,748

Shareholders' Earnings Analysis (Pre-tax)

119 % 115 %

2,119 1,687

1,480 1,426

1,588 1,574

1,365 1,117

1. (23)
   6,240 5,781

(1,492) (1,826)

1. 27

1. -

1. (76)
   4,461 3,906

14 % 12 %

2,327

1,865

2,161

1,525

(30)

7,848

(1,982)

171

(46)

(138)

5,853

Shareholders' Earnings Analysis (Effective Tax Rate)

Core Expenses

890830

1,032987

506528

2,267 2,132

407348

5,102 4,825

25-

1. -

1. 70

5,201 4,895

12%

20%

19%

13% nm

15%

(10)%

39%

(22)% nm

13%

1,138

1,329

703

2,865

515

6,550

46

8

78

6,682

Expense Efficiency Ratio

29.6% 33.0%

41.1% 40.9%

24.1% 25.1%

62.4% 65.6%

45.0% 45.5%

32.8%

41.6%

24.5%

65.3%

45.5%