CHAIRMAN'S STATEMENT – Form 6-K

CHAIRMAN'S STATEMENT

2023 is the opening year for fully implementing the guidelines of the 20th CPC National Congress and also the 20th anniversary for China Life's shareholding reform and public listing. Looking back to the first half of the year, as China's economy and society has fully returned to normal, and domestic demands were gradually recovering, the life insurance industry saw visible rebound in growth. Centering on serving the overall interests of national development, and steadfastly pushing forward its development in finance with Chinese characteristics, China Life took initiatives on strengthening Party building, benefitting people's livelihood, driving business development, promoting reforms and guarding against risks to pursue high- quality development. As a result, the Company achieved a steady progress with sound momentum, and further enhanced its comprehensive strengths with its market leading position remaining solidified, making new achievements in its journey towards building a world-class life insurance company.

We pursued the original aspiration of providing insurance services for the people and continued to enhance our efficiency in serving the overall national development. Keeping the "National Priorities" in mind, we gave full play to our function as a "safety net" for protection of people's livelihood, a "shock absorber" for economic operation and a "stabiliser" for social development, vigorously strengthened the protection of consumers' rights and interests, and deeply applied the concept of "providing insurance services for the people". With a focus on implementing the "national strategy of proactively responding to population aging", the "Healthy China Initiative" and other major national deployments, we made consistent efforts to enhance the affordability and accessibility of insurance. As our business scale of third-pillar private pension and exclusive commercial pension leading the industry, and our long-term care insurance programs offering services to over 33 million people, we contributed to the development of the multi-tiered social security system in greater breadth and depth. We steadfastly served the real economy, and consistently increased our support to the construction of a modeindustrial system, green and low-carbon development and regional development strategy by various means. Our accumulated investments in real economy and in green investments have surpassed RMB3.8 trillion and RMB440 billion, respectively. Furthermore, we consistently promoted rural revitalisation, in which we strived to open up new horizons through various means.

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We prioritised business value creation and further solidified our leading position in the industry. By firmly pursuing high-quality development, we focused on business value creation and seized market opportunities, and accelerated the pace of our business development. Our insurance business saw a strong growth, the overall business performance remained stable, and a steady progress with good momentum was achieved for high-quality development. In the first half of 2023, we hit a record high in terms of gross written premiums as compared to the same period in history, with the value of half year's sales increasing by 19.9%, and our industry leading position in terms of the gross written premiums, value of half year's sales and embedded value were further consolidated. With our insurance business realising a strong growth, our business structure was continuously optimised. We stepped up researches on the allocation to major asset categories, seized opportunities in capital markets at particular phases, strengthened the management and control of credit risks, and adopted multiple measures to stabilise investment returns, with a view to navigating through the macro-economic cycle. Our solvency ratios remained at relatively high levels, which provided solid capital foundation for the development of insurance and investment businesses.

We focused on integrity and innovation and made unremitting efforts in advancing reforms in greater depth. Aligning with the changes in time, the changes in client base, as well as the changes in demands, we consistently improved the adaptability and flexibility of our supply-side structure, and strived to bring together the new driving forces for development and cultivate new competitive edges. The implementation of the "Eight Reform Programs" was accelerated, and the reforms on key business areas and aspects, such as the sales system reforms, construction of an ecological chain and digital transformation, moved forward steadily as planned. Having our eyes on the future, the sales system reforms proceeded smoothly, aiming at upgrading the mode of business development for the life insurance business, with the enhancement of professional competence of our sales force and the exploration of new sales model as the key focuses, and the upgrading of the "product + services" model and precise technology empowerment as the guarantee and support. The construction of the healthcare and senior-care service ecosystem was also accelerated. With the residential senior-care services in "city center" as the main model and the residential senior-care services in "suburb", home-based senior-care services and community-based senior-care services as the complementary model, the promotion of our integrated senior-care business achieved remarkable results. We kept on pushing forward the deep integration of digital technologies with insurance business. With a focus on ecology, contact points and client base, we continued to promote the digital, intelligent and ecological development towards both ends of the value chain of the life insurance business, exerting the effects of digital technology empowerment. With advancement in such aspects as talent development, integrated sales and customer relationship management, the construction of the sustainable high-quality development system and mechanism was further accelerated.

We strengthened bottom-line thinking and further improved the risk prevention and control mechanism. We coordinated business development and risk control, pursued sound and prudent business operations, and optimised asset-liability management. By deeply advancing the construction of an enterprise-wide risk management system, we continuously strengthened efforts to prevent and mitigate risks in key business areas, and firmly held onto the bottom line that no systemic risks arose. As the informatisation and intellectualisation of risk prevention and control were deeply integrated, and the rigid constraints on the front end of systems were further intensified, we steadily launched the transformation towards a source-based intelligent risk control system. The Company has maintained the rating of Class A for 20 consecutive quarters in the integrated risk rating for insurance companies, and was among the top-ranked life insurance companies as evaluated by the first Solvency Aligned Risk Management Requirements and Assessment ("SARMRA") under the C-ROSS (Phase II) Regulation. Our capabilities of risk management and control for safeguarding high-quality development were steadily enhanced.

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At present, China is at a crucial stage for economic recovery as well as transformation and upgrading, and the foundation for recovery of the life insurance industry is not solid yet. In the long run, since China has the advantages of a hyperscale market and domestic demands potentials, and its economy is resilient and promising with ample leeway for growth, the long-term positive fundamentals remain unchanged. The strong driving forces brought about by high-quality economic development, together with the external forces arising from the strengthening of the social security system, have offered broader space for the long-term positive development of the industry, and China's life insurance industry is still at an important stage full of strategic opportunities. Meanwhile, the profound changes in internal and external environments, including new sci-tech revolution and new supply-side reforms in the life insurance industry driven by new demands, are imperceptibly shaping the future development landscape of the industry. The life insurance industry has entered a stage that a new patteis being fostered, new track of development is being navigated and new areas are being explored.

Setting the sail high, we are well prepared to lead in the wave of the times. The insurance industry embodies the concept of love and sharing at the most in itself. As a leading company in the industry, China Life will apply new development concepts completely, accurately and consistently. We will deeply promote the upgrading of business modes towards ecological chain operation and collaborative development of integrated finance, and speed up the progress of the sales system reforms and digital transformation. Being customer- centric, we will firmly stick to the principle of utmost good faith and safeguard people's wellbeing, with an aim to make insurance become a caring and trusted partner of our clients.

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FINANCIAL SUMMARY

The Company has prepared the interim results in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRSs"), amendments to IFRSs and interpretations issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Since 1 January 2023, the Company has adopted IFRS 9 - Financial Instruments and IFRS 17 - Insurance Contracts. The Company has restated and presented the comparative information associated with insurance contracts in accordance with IFRS 17 - Insurance Contracts, and there is no need to restate and present any comparative information associated with financial instruments in accordance with IFRS 9 - Financial Instruments. The interim financial data are unaudited.

Notes:

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Under Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises ("ASBE"), the Company adopts the transition plan for the new accounting standards for insurance contracts, namely: From 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2025, the Company will continue to apply ASBE No.25 - Direct Insurance Contracts (Caikuai [2006] No. 3), ASBE No.26 - Reinsurance Contracts (Caikuai [2006] No. 3), Regulations regarding the Accounting Treatment of Insurance Contracts (Caikuai [2009] No. 15), ASBE No.22 - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments (Caikuai [2006] No. 3), ASBE No.23 - Transfer of Financial Assets (Caikuai [2006] No. 3), ASBE No.24 - Hedging (Caikuai [2006] No. 3), ASBE No.37 - Presentation of Financial Instruments (Caikuai [2014] No. 23) and other relevant accounting standards.

The reconciliations of net profit attributable to equity holders of the Company from January to June 2023 and the corresponding period of 2022 and equity holders' equity as at 30 June 2023 and 31 December 2022 from the consolidated financial statements prepared under ASBE to those under IFRSs are as follows:

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For the first half of 2023, the net profit attributable to equity holders of the Company under IFRSs was RMB36,151 million, an increase of RMB19,995 million comparing with the data under ASBE.

As at the end of the Reporting Period, the equity holders' equity under IFRSs was RMB477,935 million, an increase of RMB28,573 million comparing with the data under ASBE.

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MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS²

In the first half of 2023, as China's economic and social development has fully returned to normal, the market demands have gradually recovered, and the overall economy showed a good momentum of recovery. However, the external environment was complicated, and the foundation for sustained recovery of domestic economy was not solid yet. The good momentum of the macro economy drove steady recovery and growth of the life insurance industry. The industry regulator, concentrating on the areas of social concewith far-reaching impacts, including promoting the development of industry in a regulated manner, and serving people's livelihood and the real economy, further optimised financial regulatory policy system to strengthen compliant operations, so as to firmly pursue the high-quality development of the industry.

The Company firmly implemented the business strategy of "achieving stable growth, prioritising business value, optimising structure, strengthening sales force, promoting reforms and guarding against risks", adhered to the original role of insurance, and pursued high-quality development. It proactively seized development opportunities arising from the recovery of the industry and made breakthroughs for business expansion through innovation, thus achieving a steady progress while maintaining stability in its overall operations with its market leading position remaining solidified. As at the end of the Reporting Period, the Company's total assets reached RMB5.51 trillion, investment assets reached RMB5.39 trillion, and embedded value reached RMB1,311,669 million, all of which remained the industry leadership position. The comprehensive solvency ratio and core solvency ratio continued to maintain at relatively high levels, which were 204.23% and 140.43%, respectively. The number of long-term in-force policies held by the Company reached 326 million.

The Company maintained its strategic consistency, continued to strengthen its asset-liability interaction, consistently implemented its medium- to long-term strategy asset allocation, and adopted multiple measures to stabilise investment returns. In the first half of 2023, the gross investment income of the Company were RMB91,372 million, and the net profit attributable to equity holders of the Company was RMB36,151 million.

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Key Performance Indicators for the First Half of 2023

Notes:

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Prioritising business value, in the first half of 2023, the Company realised a strong growth in its insurance business with its business structure continuously optimised. Its gross written premiums amounted to RMB470,115 million, a year-on-year increase of 6.9%, hitting a record high for the same period in history and still leading the industry. The key business performance indicators achieved a rapid growth. Premiums from new policies reached RMB171,213 million, a year-on-year increase of 22.9%. First-year regular premiums were RMB97,418 million, increasing by 22.0% year on year. In particular, first- year regular premiums with a payment duration of ten years or longer reached RMB38,957 million, a year-on-year increase of 28.9%, and its proportion in the first-year regular premiums rose by 2.13 percentage points, showing a significant improvement in business structure. The value of half year's sales was RMB30,864 million, a year-on-year increase of 19.9%, continuing to lead the industry.

The Company vigorously pushed forward the "Eight Reform Programs", aiming to foster new growth drivers through reforms and innovation. In the first half of 2023, it introduced several strategic measures and reform programs that focused on Party building as the guide, mechanism optimisation, sales system reforms, resources integration, management innovation and ecological driving forces, making new breakthroughs in reforms on key areas. The Company deeply advanced sales system reforms in the individual agent business sector by defining two key focuses for reforms, namely "enhancement of professional competence of the existing sales force" and "exploring new sales models", as well as two guarantee and supporting strategies, namely "the 'product + services' ecosystem" and "precise technology empowerment", and accelerated the transformation and upgrading of a specialised and professional agent force. The project for upgrading the exiting sales force was fully launched. The Company accelerated the construction of a healthcare and senior-care ecosystem and created a development model with the residential senior-care services in "city center" as the main model and the residential senior-care services in "suburb", home-based senior-care services and community-based senior-care services as the complementary model. The Company also proceeded with the deployment of senior-care projects, and carried out senior-care service projects in some major cities to develop its own capability in supplying inclusive healthcare and integrated senior-care services at a faster speed, so as to satisfy the diversified needs of people for healthcare and senior-care services. The Company fully advanced the FinTech and Digitalisation Program and actively pushed forward the upgrading of its corporate network to 5G by implementing new technologies as a breakthrough. With the Cloud Native concept applying to the whole process of technological construction, the Company fully applied AI technologies in each aspect of its core value chain, and gave full play to data factors, to further enhance the supporting and empowering function of digitalisation and intellectualisation to its business operation and management in all aspects.

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Note: Single premiums in the above table include premiums from short-term insurance business.

During the Reporting Period, gross written premiums from the life insurance business of the Company were RMB388,558 million, a year-on-year increase of 9.0%. Gross written premiums from the health insurance business were RMB73,058 million, a year-on-year decrease of 3.0%. Gross written premiums from the accident insurance business were RMB8,499 million, a year-on-year increase of 4.2%.

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Notes:

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In the first half of 2023, the life insurance industry showed a good momentum of recovery. Seizing the opportunities of such recovery, the Company focused on business value growth, proceeded with transformation in greater depth, and made manifested achievements in high- quality business development. Its gross written premiums hit a record high in the first half of the year with its business structure significantly optimised, and the value of half year's sales rose rapidly. The size of the Company's sales force was gradually stabilised. As at the end of the Reporting Period, the total number of its sales force was 721,000, and the productivity per person of the individual agent business sector, bancassurance channel and group insurance channel realised a significant year-on-year increase.

Individual Agent Business Sector

The individual agent business sector strived to make progress while maintaining stability and consistently deepened business channel restructuring. A rapid growth was achieved in all indicators for the new business, and the business structure was significantly optimised. During the Reporting Period, gross written premiums from the sector were RMB362,101 million, an increase of 2.7% year on year. In particular, renewal premiums were RMB272,499 million. First-year regular premiums were RMB80,109 million, an increase of 16.2% year on year. First-year regular premiums with a payment duration of ten years or longer were RMB38,950 million, an increase of 28.9% year on year, and its proportion in the first-year regular premiums was 48.62%, an increase of 4.81 percentage points year on year. In the first half of 2023, the value of half year's sales of the sector was RMB27,404 million, an increase of 13.3% year on year.

In the first half of 2023, the individual agent business sector adhered to the strategy of "productive agents-driven business", concentrated on the "Sales Channel Strengthening Program", and emphasised on two key focuses for reforms, namely "enhancement of professional competence of the existing sales force" and "exploring new sales models", to deeply proceed with the sales system reforms in the sector, with an aim to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of a specialised and professional agent force. The "Regular Operation 4.0 System for the Team Building of the Individual Agent Business Sector" was steadily advanced to strengthen the technological support for team building and increase the team's overall capability. The "Zhongxin Project" was carried out to optimise agent recruitment and development, and the recruitment requirements were further improved. The size of its sales force was stablised as a whole. As at the end of the Reporting Period, the number of agents of the sector was 661,000, generally stable compared with the end of 2022, including 424,000 agents from the general sales team and 237,000 agents from the upsales team. The quality of sales force continued to improve, with an increase in both the number and proportion of high-performance agents. Meanwhile, the productivity of the sales force was improved substantially and the monthly average first-year regular premiums per agent rose by 38.1% year on year.

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Diversified Business Sector

With high-quality development as the guidance, the diversified business sector concentrated on specialised business operation, and insisted on transformation and upgrading as well as enhancing quality and efficiency. In the first half of 2023, the Company further optimised and innovated the operation models for its diversified channels, and fostered the new development of the sector by making breakthroughs in refining channels management, increasing value creation from such channels, and pursuing market-oriented operating mechanism, etc.

Bancassurance Channel Grasping the trend of the market, the bancassurance channel deepened and expanded its cooperation with banks, and achieved a rapid growth in the scale of its premiums. During the Reporting Period, gross written premiums from the channel amounted to RMB62,066 million, an increase of 45.7% year on year. With its efforts on deepening structural transformation, and increasing the sales of medium- and long-term bancassurance products, it achieved a significant optimisation in its business structure. First-year regular premiums were RMB17,294 million, an increase of 59.2% year on year. First-year regular premiums with a payment duration of five years or longer were RMB7,527 million, with its proportion in the first-year regular premiums rising by 11.20 percentage points year on year to 43.52%. Renewal premiums amounted to RMB25,641 million (a year-on-year decrease of 0.3%), accounting for 41.31% of gross written premiums from the channel. The bancassurance channel constantly enhanced the professional and technological capabilities of its account manager team, the quality of which was improved steadily. As at the end of the Reporting Period, the number of account managers of the bancassurance channel reached 23,000, and the quarterly average active managers recorded a year-on-year growth of 13.8%, with the productivity of regular premiums per account manager increased substantially.

Group Insurance Channel The group insurance channel coordinated business scale and profitability and pushed forward stable development in all business lines. During the Reporting Period, gross written premiums from the channel were RMB15,923 million, a decrease of 5.0% year on year. In particular, short-term insurance premiums from the channel were RMB14,390 million, a decrease of 5.1% year on year. As at the end of the Reporting Period, the number of direct sales representatives was approximately 37,000, among which the proportion of high-performance personnel rose by 4.6 percentage points from the end of 2022.

Other Channels During the Reporting Period, gross written premiums from other channels were RMB30,025 million, an increase of 6.8% year on year. The Company proactively participated in a variety of government-sponsored health insurance businesses and supported the construction of a multi-tiered medical security system. As at the end of the Reporting Period, the Company carried out over 200 supplementary major medical expenses insurance programs, covering nearly 350 million people. It also undertook over 60 policy-oriented long-term care insurance programs, providing services to more than 33 million people. Meanwhile, it implemented over 110 city-customised commercial medical insurance projects. The Company actively participated in social governance related to medical protection and continued to undertake over 390 health care entrusted programs.

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Online Insurance Business

The Company continued to promote the development of the online insurance business and provided customers with a quality service experience through integrated online-to-offline sales and online direct sales. In the first half of 2023, the Company achieved new breakthroughs in exploring digital business operations and the development of online exclusive business, etc. Its digital sales capability was further strengthened, and its online insurance business grew rapidly. Total premiums³ of online insurance business under the regulatory caliber were RMB53,680 million, an increase of 38.1% year on year. The Company consistently optimised its online insurance business operation system featuring centralised operation and unified management, and gave full play to the advantages of fast access, wide coverage and high efficiency of the Internet, to actively promote the development of its business and consistently enhance its core operating capabilities and channel value of the online insurance business.

Integrated Financial Business

The Company actively engaged in the construction of a "Life Insurance Plus" integrated financial ecosystem, with a view to empowering the Company's high-quality development. In the first half of 2023, premiums of China Life Property and Casualty Insurance Company Limited ("CLP&C") cross-sold by the Company through collaboration were RMB11,856 million. Through the cross-sale of property insurance products, the Company diversified its client contacts and facilitated its sales team to meet sales targets, maintain its size and secure a higher commission income. Additional first-year receipts of enterprise annuity funds and commercial pension products of China Life Pension Company Limited cross-sold by the Company through collaboration were RMB2,045 million. The Company entrusted China Guangfa Bank Co., Ltd. ("CGB") to sell its bancassurance products, with the first-year regular premiums amounting to RMB1,612 million, an increase of 42.0% year on year. The Company also actively explored the synergy between insurance and investment business, continuously deepened the cooperation with China Life Asset Management Company Limited ("AMC") and China Life Investment Management Company Limited, etc., and constantly innovated and explored new insurance-investment interactive model in aspects such as investment project promotion and joint customer exploration. Besides, in order to satisfy the diverse needs of its customers, the Company has carried out various business operation activities by co-working with CLP&C and CGB, so as to provide customers with one-stop and all-round solutions of the high-quality financial and insurance services.

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Inclusive Healthcare and Integrated Senior-care Service System

With insurance business as the core and the "people-centric" approach as the starting point and ultimate goal for the "insurance + healthcare and senior-care services" development, the Company fully advanced the "Healthcare and Senior-care Ecosystem Program" to accelerate its deployment in the healthcare and senior-care sector.

In the first half of 2023, with respect to the "insurance + healthcare services", the Company fully consolidated internal and external high-quality resources and made consistent efforts to enhance its capability in health management services, creating a health management and service system integrating online and offline operations and with high quality and efficiency. As at the end of the Reporting Period, more than a hundred types of services were available on the China Life Inclusive Healthcare Service Platform, covering seven categories of health management services such as physical examination, health consulting, health promotion, disease prevention, chronic disease management, medical services and rehabilitation care, and the accumulated registered users of the platform increased by over 10% from the end of 2022, ranking among the top of the industry. With respect to the "insurance + senior- care services", the Company accelerated its deployment in the healthcare and senior-care sector, enhanced its capability of service supply, and created a development model with the residential senior-care services in "city center" as the main model and the residential senior- care services in "suburb", home-based senior-care services and community-based senior- care services as the complementary model. The Company accelerated the consolidation of the existing healthcare and senior-care resources by setting up the China Life Integrated Senior Care Fund, with the expansion of senior-care services to six additional key cities and launching the pilot programs of home-based senior-care services in five cities in the first half of the year.

As for the next stage, with an unchanged focus on its principal insurance business, the Company will strengthen its ability comprehensively to integrate the inclusive healthcare and integrated senior-care businesses and enhance its platform influence. By creating a close-loop system of "products - services - payment", the Company will develop its core competitiveness of "product + services", so as to facilitate its transformation from risk compensation to full chain management of risks, making significant contributions in strengthening the social security system, and improving people's wellbeing and quality of life.

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The Company actively served national strategies and adhered to the original aspiration of "providing insurance services for the people". In light of the internal and external environments for product research and development, the Company further strengthened the underlying ecosystem construction of products and optimised its product structure, so as to enhance its product supply capability in a responsive, efficient and secured manner. It also made continuous efforts in exploring the criteria and rules on service-product integration to improve the supply efficiency of its "product + services". In the first half of 2023, the Company newly developed and upgraded a total of 78 insurance products.

In actively serving the Healthy China initiative, the Company steadily promoted the research and development of products with respect to critical illness insurance, care insurance and medical insurance, to provide better health protection for customers with diversified demands. It developed through innovation the insurance product series named the "Xiang Ban Fu" and other products on the basis of the product series named the "Zun Xiang Fu" and "Hui Xiang Fu", and launched illness insurance products especially for students and children such as "Le Xue Wu You". To actively serve the national strategy of proactively responding to population aging, the Company continued to develop products, such as pension insurance and long-term care insurance, after the launch of the third-pillar private pension insurance product. It also actively implemented pilot programs of insurance liability conversion between life insurance and long-term care insurance, for the purpose of satisfying the diverse needs of customers for pension security. Moreover, the Company actively facilitated rural revitalisation and regional harmonious development by continuously rolling out its exclusive series of products for rural revitalisation to provide insurance protection against death, medical treatments and accidents for the relevant groups of people, and exploring the product supply for the designated regions by launching the accident injury insurance of Hainan Free Trade Port and other insurance products. It also carried out in-depth studies on the needs of professional athletes for retirement protection and promoted innovation in the development of sports insurance products.

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In the first half of 2023, the interest rate of fixed-income assets was adjusted downward after a short-term surge at the beginning of the year, and the low interest rate environment with a shortage of quality assets remained unchanged. The stock market was under fluctuation with diversified sector performance. Under the complicated and ever-changing market environment, the Company firmly maintained its strategic consistency and pursued asset-liability matching management. It carried out tactical asset allocation flexibly by actively seizing market opportunities under the guidance of strategic asset allocation. Adhering to the "dumbbell type" allocation strategy for fixed-income assets, the Company increased allocation to bonds with long duration by leveraging short-term opportunities presented by interest rate rebounds at the start of the year. The Company consistently pursued balanced allocations and structural optimisation with its equity asset positions remaining stable in general. Besides, it took proactive actions to expand reserves of alternative investment projects and made innovation in investment models, maintaining a stable size of alternative asset allocations.

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As at the end of the Reporting Period, the Company's investment assets categorised by investment object are set out as below:

Notes:

As at the end of the Reporting Period, the Company's investment assets reached RMB5,386,667 million. Among the major types of investments, the percentage of investment in bonds was 53.86%, the percentage of term deposits was 8.28%, the percentage of investment in debt- type financial products was 8.87%, and the percentage of investment in stocks and funds (excluding money market funds) was 11.13%.

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In the first half of 2023, the Company's net investment income was RMB90,585 million, and the net investment yield was 3.31%; the gross investment income of the Company was RMB91,372 million, and the gross investment yield was 3.33%.

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The Company's credit asset investments mainly included credit bonds and debt-type financial products, which concentrated on sectors such as banking, transportation, non-banking finance, public utilities and energy. As at the end of the Reporting Period, over 98% of the credit bonds held by the Company were rated AAA by external rating institutions, whereas over 99% of the debt-type financial products were rated AAA by external rating institutions. In general, the asset quality of the Company's credit investment products was in good condition, and the credit risks were well controlled.

The Company insisted on a prudent investment philosophy. Based on a disciplined and scientific internal rating system and a multi-dimensional management mechanism of risk limits, the Company prudently scrutinised credit profiles of targets and risk exposure concentration before investment and carried out ongoing tracking after investment, effectively controlling credit risks through early identification, early warning and early disposal. Under a market environment where credit default events occurred frequently, no credit default event occurred for the Company in the first half of 2023.

During the Reporting Period, there was no material equity investment or non-equity investment of the Company that was subject to disclosure requirements.

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As at the end of the Reporting Period, the insurance contract liabilities of the Company were RMB4,696,086 million, 10.1% up from RMB4,266,947 million as at the end of 2022, primarily due to the accumulation of insurance liabilities from new policies and renewals.

The Company's cash inflows mainly come from insurance premiums received, interest, dividend and bonus, and proceeds from sale and maturity of investment assets. The primary liquidity risks with respect to these cash inflows are the risk of surrender by contract holders and policyholders, as well as the risks of default by debtors, interest rate fluctuations and other market volatilities. The Company closely monitors and manages these risks.

The Company's cash and bank deposits can provide it with a source of liquidity to meet normal cash outflows. As at the end of the Reporting Period, the balance of cash and cash equivalents was RMB194,708 million. In addition, the vast majority of its term deposits in banks allow it to withdraw funds on deposits, subject to a penalty interest charge. As at the end of the Reporting Period, the amount of term deposits was RMB445,780 million.

The Company's investment portfolio also provides it with a source of liquidity to meet unexpected cash outflows. The Company is also subject to market liquidity risk due to the large size of its investments in some of the markets in which it invests. In some circumstances, some of its holdings of investment securities may be large enough to have an influence on the market value. These factors may adversely affect its ability to sell these investments or sell them at a fair price.

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The Company's principal cash outflows primarily relate to the payables for the liabilities associated with its various life insurance, annuity, accident insurance and health insurance products, operating expenses, income taxes and dividends that may be declared and paid to its equity holders. Cash outflows arising from the Company's insurance activities primarily relate to benefit payments under these insurance products, as well as payments for policy surrenders, withdrawals and policy loans.

The Company believes that its sources of liquidity are sufficient to meet its current cash requirements.

The Company has established a cash flow testing system, and conducts regular tests to monitor the cash inflows and outflows under various scenarios and adjusts the asset portfolio accordingly to ensure sufficient sources of liquidity.

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An insurance company shall have the capital commensurate with its risks and business scale. According to the nature and capacity of loss absorption by capital, the capital of an insurance company is classified into the core capital and the supplementary capital. The core solvency ratio is the ratio of core capital to minimum capital, which reflects the adequacy of the core capital of an insurance company. The comprehensive solvency ratio is the ratio of the sum of core capital and supplementary capital to minimum capital, which reflects the overall capital adequacy of an insurance company. The following table shows the Company's solvency ratios as at the end of the Reporting Period:

As at the end of the Reporting Period, the comprehensive solvency ratio and the core solvency ratio of the Company were 204.23% and 140.43%, respectively, continuing to stay relatively high. Affected by factors such as the business growth, an increase in investment assets and dividends payment, the solvency ratios slightly decreased from the end of 2022.

During the Reporting Period, there was no sale of material assets and equity of the Company.

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In the first half of 2023, the Company launched the FinTech and Digitalisation Program to deepen technological innovation and consolidate digital infrastructure, with the aim to promoting its high-quality development with high-quality supply of technological capabilities.

New awards for technological innovation were received. A real-time data service platform of the full-stack IT application innovation, which was capable of processing data volume at petabytes (PB) level, was constructed based on the new proprietary distributed technological architecture and was selected to be a case study of the national IT application innovation. China Life distributed hybrid cloud was awarded the special prize of Capital Financial Innovation Achievements, and the intelligent identification and verification system for anti-money laundering, which was the first application innovation of "machine learning + knowledge graph" in the anti-money laundering field of the life insurance industry, was awarded the second prize of the FinTech Development Awards by the People's Bank of China.

Digital capability was constantly enhanced. The Company further improved the quality and efficiency of its data service by emphasising on the real-time and the consistency of data, and fully empowered various business sectors such as sales, services, operations and risk control with data factors as the driving force. With its trillion-level data processing capability, the Company realised the whole-process automated generation of financial statements under new insurance contract standards, and developed a financial accounting and actuarial measurement system under the new accounting standards by using more accurate algorithm, more sophisticated model and more efficient process, fully ensuring the implementation of the new accounting standards in a systemic, complete and accurate manner.

Digital risk control was consistently intensified. The Company created a digital risk control system based on the big data analytics, which accurately identified a variety of risk scenarios through multi-dimensional modelling analysis and cross comparison. By moving forward risk control points and dynamic monitoring, it realised quick identification and accurate capture of risk scenarios in key business fields. The Company also established a RegTech application laboratory for anti-money laundering with the People's Bank of China, Nanchang Center Sub-branch, to explore the empowerment of the full-coverage and look-through anti-money laundering regulation by applying technological means.

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In the first half of 2023, sticking to the "people-centric" approach and serving the overall national development, the Company enhanced its operations and services by responding to the voices of customers. It accelerated the implementation of an integrated model of intelligent and centralised operations, strengthened the protection of consumers' rights and interests, and strived to improve its capability of service supply and delivery, with a commitment to provide the "convenient, quality and caring" operations and services of high quality.

Service delivery capability was improved with further business mode optimisation. The Company's service efficiency was further improved by intelligent and centralised operations, with the intelligent processing rate of insurance underwriting rising to 94.9%. The shared business mode of operations was fully applied to the entire business process, and the efficiency of policy administration and underwriting for new insurance policies was improved by 27.6% and 36.6%, respectively. The capability of service access through multiple contact points was further improved. The monthly active users of the China Life APP grew by 14.3% year on year, the online customer services surged by 167.4% year on year, and the online services delegated to sales agents amounted to more than 4.22 million customer-times.

Service provision capability was enhanced with more diversified services. The healthcare and senior-care services achieved breakthroughs and satisfied the needs of diverse customer groups. Having consolidated its resources, the Company launched six brand new residential senior-care services projects, introduced a pilot program of home-based senior-care services, and provided specific customer groups with the preferential services of "Short Stay Experience" in China Life Caregarden. An upgraded VIP customer services program was rolled out with expanded customer scope and new privileged services, and the number of customers being provided with the VIP services grew by 19.3% year on year. Besides, the Company accelerated the transformation of its service counters from an insurance policy service center to a customer experience center, a sales support center, as well as an education center for the protection of consumers' rights and interests, and more than 400 customer centers had their image changed and upgraded.

Claims settlement services demonstrated the Company's original aspiration of providing insurance services for the people. The "convenient and caring" services of claims settlement won wide recognition, with an average efficiency of 0.39 day for claims settlement (rising by 17% year on year), the number of claims payment increasing by 21.5% year on year, and a claims acceptance rate rising to 99.7%. "Advanced Claims Payment" made claims payments of more than RMB74 million, effectively mitigating the financial pressure faced by customers on medical treatments. The Company promoted reminder services on claims notification of electronic invoices for medical charges, providing claims payments of more than 270,000 customer-times. The coverage of convenient claims payment methods was further expanded. "Direct Claims Payment" provided claims payments of more than 3.41 million customer-times and "Claims Settlement for Critical Illness within One Day" made claims payments of over RMB5,400 million, both rising by 50% year on year.

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The protection of consumers' rights and interests was significantly improved. The Company integrated the protection of consumers' rights and interests into each aspect of its corporate governance and business operation and management, achieving the effective operation of the closed-loop management mechanism. It reinforced the concept of integrity and compliance in sales and services, improved the system for the management of customer complaints, extensively collected the voices of customers, identified and resolved customer experience problems, explored service opportunities, and pushed service notification of over 3.4 million. As the Company consistently enhanced the sense of contentment, happiness and security of its consumers, it ranked among the top of the industry in the assessment of consumer protection conducted by the industry regulator, with customer satisfaction maintaining at a high level.

During the Reporting Period, the Company consistently strengthened its internal control and risk management in strict compliance with the laws and regulations of its listed jurisdictions, as well as the regulatory requirements of the industry. The Company has established a risk preference management system with the statement on risk preference as the carrier, and the risk tolerance and limit indicators as the focus, integrated risk preference requirements into various lines of its business operation and management, and significantly enhanced its capability in risk management. After the formal implementation of C-ROSS (Phase II) Regulation from 2022, the Company benchmarked against the new regulations for active implementation, maintaining its evaluation result of SARMRA at the leading position in the life insurance industry. As of the first quarter of 2023, the Company has maintained the rating of Class A for 20 consecutive quarters in the integrated risk rating for insurance companies.

The Company actively conducted various tasks on risk screening and governance and identified hidden risks in a timely manner, so as to enhance its capability to address risks in all aspects. The Company took active actions in refining and implementing the C-ROSS (Phase II) Regulation and constantly optimised the enterprise-wide risk management system. The system for investment risk management and control was continuously improved, and a framework for the whole-chain investment risk analysis was established. The Company strengthened the system for sales risk management and control, actively conducted sales risk pre-warning and investigation, cultivated integrity culture among sales agents, and introduced the credit rating system for the agents, etc. The Company fully implemented the regulatory requirements on anti-money laundering, and performed all of its anti-money laundering obligations, which led to the iterative upgrading of its anti-money laundering capabilities and further improved the effectiveness of its anti-money laundering risk management and control.

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The Company consistently strengthened the supervision through audits. In addition to the implementation of special audits on key areas and companies of concern, the Company carried out the audits of economic responsibility and the audits of senior management, strengthened the application of audit results comprehensively, and fully exerted the role of internal audit to offer support to the decision making for the supervision, appraisal and employment of the managers. It consistently stepped up its efforts in supervising rectification and liability attribution for any problems identified in audits, fully proceeded with the mechanism for audit supervision and rectification as well as the mechanism for handover and follow-up of issues, and further optimised closed-loop internal audits, in a bid to enhance the efficiency and effects of audits.

The Company paid great attention to and actively implemented the Data Security Law of the PRC to strictly protect major data and personal information, so as to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of customers. On the basis of being successfully awarded the highest level certification under the Data Management Capability Maturity Assessment Model (DCMM) in 2022, the Company continued to optimise data governance structure and data management rules, further improved its long-term mechanism for data management, and consistently strengthened the management and control of data security, in order to ensure that the data was manageable and controllable.

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In the long run, with high-quality development as the top priority of the industry, China's life insurance industry is still at an important stage full of strategic opportunities. Chinese modernisation represents a grand blueprint for China' economic and social development. As China's GDP per capita is expected to reach the level of moderately developed countries, middle-income groups will continue to expand, the domestic social security system will be further improved, and people's demands for high-quality healthcare, medical, senior-care services and wealth management will rise sharply, which will provide a huge market for the development of the life insurance industry. With market players acceleratedly entering into new sectors, fostering new growth drivers and speeding up exploration on specialisation, digitalisation, integration and ecologicalization, etc., the life insurance industry is at a crucial stage where traditional driving forces are being transformed and upgraded while new driving forces are ready to exert their functions. In order to serve the national strategy of proactively responding to population aging and the Healthy China initiative, the industry regulator has rolled out a series of important supporting policies, which will further direct the industry to retuto the original role of insurance and enhance the risk protection capabilities.

In the second half of 2023, the Company will stick to the guideline of making progress while maintaining stability, and firmly implement the business strategy of "achieving stable growth, prioritising business value, optimising structure, strengthening sales force, promoting reforms and guarding against risks". Adhering to its strategic consistency, the Company will focus on steady and healthy development, asset-liability matching management, reforms on key areas, and risk prevention and control, and strengthen customer relationship management as well as diversified insurance product strategy, striving to achieve a steady growth in its annual gross written premiums and a moderate growth in new business value. Besides, the Company will continue to stabilise the quantity of its sales force with improved quality, and endeavor to achieve breakthroughs in innovation of key areas, so as to make new achievements in its high-quality development.

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From the perspective of liabilities, due to the effects of various factors such as unstable foundation for sustained recovery of China's economy, insufficient domestic demands and low long-term interest rates, the foundation for the full recovery of the industry is not solid yet. The effective supply of services in such sectors as healthcare and senior-care services and wealth management remains to be improved, and new driving forces in relation to services and technologies, etc., need to be cultivated. The Company will take a variety of measures to actively cope with risks and challenges. It will adhere to the guideline of making progress while maintaining stability, pursue high-quality development, accelerate the sales system reforms, and properly proceed with the empowerment and implementation of healthcare and senior-care ecosystem. It will also endeavor to improve capabilities in customer services and management, strengthen the supporting role of digital iteration in all aspects, consistently optimise its risk management system, and effectively carry out risk prevention and control measures in the key areas of concern, so as to improve its business operation and management.

From the perspective of assets, as the interest rate of fixed-income assets will remain at a low level, the quality fixed-income assets are still in short supply, and the equity market may still be dominated by volatility and structural opportunities in the short term, the Company will face double pressures from continuous downward yield of interest-bearing investment products and the increased volatility in the overall returns of investment portfolios. It will consistently strengthen the asset-liability matching management, further optimise its asset allocation structure, and flexibly adjust its investment strategy to cope with market changes, with a view to effectively balancing the stability of the short-term investment returns and the long-term value appreciation.

The Company anticipates that it will have sufficient capital to meet its insurance business expenditures and new general investment needs in the second half of 2023. At the same time, the Company will make corresponding financing arrangements based on capital market conditions if it plans to implement any business development strategies in the future.

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INTERIM RESULTS⁵

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the six months ended 30 June 2023

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INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (CONTINUED)

For the six months ended 30 June 2023

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For the six months ended 30 June 2022, the interest income accrued using the effective interest rate method and included in investment income was RMB70,027 million.

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Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income tax relates to the same tax authority.

As at 30 June 2023 and 31 December 2022, the deferred taxation was calculated in full on temporary differences under the balance sheet liability method using the principal tax rate of 25%.

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There is no difference between the basic and diluted earnings per share. The basic and diluted earnings per share for the six months ended 30 June 2023 are calculated based on the net profit for the period attributable to ordinary equity holders of the Company and the weighted average of 28,264,705,000 ordinary shares (for the six months ended 30 June 2022: same).

A dividend in respect of 2022 of RMB0.49 (inclusive of tax) per ordinary share, totalling RMB13,850 million, was approved at the Annual General Meeting on 28 June 2023.

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INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

As at 30 June 2023

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INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION (CONTINUED)

As at 30 June 2023

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INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

For the six months ended 30 June 2023

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INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

For the six months ended 30 June 2023