SECURITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL CORP – 10-Q – Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Overview

The Company's operations over the last several years generally reflect three
strategies which the Company expects to continue: (i) increased attention to
"niche" insurance products, such as the Company's funeral plan policies and
traditional whole life products; (ii) increased emphasis on the cemetery and
mortuary business; and (iii) capitalizing on an improving housing market by
originating mortgage loans. The Company has adjusted its strategies to respond
to the changing economic circumstances resulting from COVID-19.

Insurance Operations

The Company's life insurance business includes funeral plans and
interest-sensitive life insurance, as well as other traditional life, accident
and health insurance products. The Company places specific marketing emphasis on
funeral plans through pre-need planning.

A funeral plan is a small face value life insurance policy that generally has
face coverage of up to $30,000. The Company believes that funeral plans
represent a marketing niche that is less competitive because most insurance
companies do not offer similar coverage. The purpose of the funeral plan policy
is to pay the costs and expenses incurred at the time of a person's death. On a
per thousand-dollar cost of insurance basis, these policies can be more
expensive to the policyholder than many types of non-burial insurance due to
their low face amount, requiring the fixed cost of the policy administration to
be distributed over a smaller policy size, and the simplified underwriting
practices that result in higher mortality costs.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company's life insurance sales force
began using virtual and tele sales processes to market products. During the
third quarter 2021, the life insurance sales force returned to in person sales,
however, it continues to use virtual and tele sales where needed. Currently,
approximately 75% of insurance operations office staff work in the office with
the flexibility for hybrid-remote or completely remote working arrangements as
needed.

The following table shows the condensed financial results of the insurance
operations for three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. See Note
7 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

                                                 Three months ended September 30                        Nine months ended September 30
                                                    (in thousands of dollars)                              (in thousands of dollars)
                                                                              % Increase                                           % Increase
                                            2022               2021           (Decrease)            2022             2021          (Decrease)
Revenues from external customers
Insurance premiums                      $     26,237       $     26,446                  0 %    $     78,491       $  74,755                  5 %
Net investment income                         17,562             14,116                 24 %          47,269          41,860                 13 %
Gains on investments and other assets         (1,538 )              931    

          (265 %)         (1,697 )         3,303               (151 %)
Other                                            857                546                 36 %           1,723           1,724                 (7 %)
Total                                   $     43,118       $     42,039                  3 %    $    125,786       $ 121,642                  3 %

Intersegment revenue                    $      1,724       $      1,757                 (2 %)   $      5,496       $   5,410                  2 %
Earnings before income taxes            $      4,234       $      3,721                 14 %    $      8,982       $  11,110                (19 %)



Intersegment revenues are primarily interest income from the warehouse line for
loans held for sale provided to SecurityNational Mortgage Company
("SecurityNational Mortgage"). Profitability for the nine months ended September
30, 2022 decreased due to (a) a $5,000,000 decrease in gains on investments and
other assets primarily due to a decrease in the fair value of equity securities,
(b) a $3,911,000 increase in selling, general and administrative expenses, (c) a
$1,620,000 increase in future policy benefits, (d) a $1,578,000 increase in
amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs primarily due to an increase
in the average outstanding balance of deferred policy and pre-need acquisition
costs, (e) a $1,268,000 increase in interest expense, and (f) an $2,000 decrease
in other revenues, which were partially offset by (i) a $5,409,000 increase in
net investment income, (ii) a $3,737,000 increase in insurance premiums and
other considerations, (iii) a $1,821,000 decrease in death, surrenders and other
policy benefits, (iv) a $198,000 decrease in intersegment interest expense and
other expenses, and an (v) $86,000 increase in intersegment revenue.

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Cemetery and Mortuary Operations

The Company sells mortuary services and products through its nine mortuaries in
Utah and three mortuaries in New Mexico. The Company also sells cemetery
products and services through its five cemeteries in Utah, one cemetery in San
Diego County, California, and one cemetery in Santa Fe, New Mexico. At-need
product sales and services are recognized as revenue when the services are
performed or when the products are delivered. Pre-need cemetery product sales
are deferred until the merchandise is delivered and services performed.
Recognition of revenue for cemetery land sales occurs when 10% of the purchase
price is received.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the cemetery and mortuary's pre-need sales
force began using virtual selling processes to market its products and services
including some in home sales as local regulations permitted. During the third
quarter of 2021, the sales force returned mostly to in home sales, however, it
continues to use virtual selling where needed. Currently, the cemetery and
mortuary operations office staff works in the office with the flexibility for
hybrid-remote or completely remote working arrangements as needed.

The following table shows the condensed financial results of the cemetery and
mortuary operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and
2021. See Note 7 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

                                            Three months ended September 30                         Nine months ended September 30
                                               (in thousands of dollars)                              (in thousands of dollars)
                                                                        % Increase                                             % Increase
                                      2022              2021            (Decrease)            2022              2021           (Decrease)
Revenues from external customers
Mortuary revenues                  $     3,027       $     2,191                   38 %    $     9,899       $     6,124                 62 %
Cemetery revenues                        3,443             3,776                   (9 %)        11,027            12,104                 (9 %)
Net investment income                      681               826                  (18 %)         1,917             1,297                 48 %
Gains (losses) on investments
and other assets                          (640 )            (113 )                466 %         (1,615 )             913               (277 %)
Other                                      181                24                  654 %            218                74                195 %
Total                              $     6,692       $     6,704                    0 %    $    21,446       $    20,512                  5 %
Earnings before income taxes       $       901       $     1,747                  (48 %)   $     4,407       $     6,718                (34 %)

Profitability in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased due to (a) a
$2,528,000 decrease in gains on investments and other assets primarily
attributable to a $579,000 decrease in gains on real estate sales and a
$1,949,000 decrease in gains on equity securities classified as restricted
assets and cemetery perpetual care trust investments primarily due to a decrease
in the fair value of equity securities, (b) a $2,510,000 increase in selling,
general and administrative expenses, (c) a $1,433,000 decrease in cemetery
pre-need sales, (d) a $748,000 increase in costs of goods sold, and (e) a
$173,000 increase in intersegment interest expense and other expenses, which
were partially offset by (i) a $3,775,000 increase in mortuary at-need sales,
(ii) a $620,000 increase in net investment income, (iii) a $356,000 increase in
cemetery at-need sales, (iv) a $143,000 increase in other revenues (v) a
$125,000 increase in intersegment revenues, (vi) a $54,000 decrease in interest
expense, and (vii) an $8,000 decrease in amortization of deferred policy
acquisition costs.

Mortgage Operations

The Company's wholly owned subsidiaries, SecurityNational Mortgage and EverLEND
Mortgage Company, are mortgage lenders incorporated under the laws of the State
of Utah and approved and regulated by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA),
a department of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD),
which originate mortgage loans that qualify for government insurance in the
event of default by the borrower, in addition to various conventional mortgage
loan products. SecurityNational Mortgage and EverLEND Mortgage originate and
refinance mortgage loans on a retail basis. Mortgage loans originated or
refinanced by the Company's mortgage subsidiaries are funded through loan
purchase agreements with Security National Life, Kilpatrick Life and
unaffiliated financial institutions.

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The Company's mortgage subsidiaries receive fees from borrowers that are
involved in mortgage loan originations and refinancings, and secondary fees
earned from third party investors that purchase the mortgage loans originated by
the mortgage subsidiaries. Mortgage loans originated by the mortgage
subsidiaries are generally sold with mortgage servicing rights released to
third-party investors or retained by SecurityNational Mortgage. SecurityNational
Mortgage currently retains the mortgage servicing rights on approximately 8% of
its loan origination volume. These mortgage loans are serviced by either
SecurityNational Mortgage or an approved third-party sub-servicer. In December
2021, the Company ceased operations in EverLEND Mortgage and merged its
operations into SecurityNational Mortgage.

Mortgage rates have followed the US Treasury yields up in response to the higher
than expected inflation and the expectation that the Federal Reserve will
continue to raise rates in the near term. As expected, the rapid increase in
mortgage rates has resulted in a decrease in loan originations classified as
'refinance'. Higher mortgage rates have also had a negative effect on loan
originations classified as 'purchase', although not as significant as those in
the refinance classification.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, SecurityNational Mortgage
originated 8,886 loans ($2,837,349,000 total volume) and 14,898 loans
($4,157,704,000 total volume), respectively. For the nine months ended September
30, 2021, EverLEND Mortgage originated 260 loans ($85,368,000 total volume).

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, mortgage operations integrated employee
work from home accommodations into its standard operating procedures. A large
percentage of fulfillment employees are in office however the flexibility
remains to accommodate in office or work from home functionality.

The following table shows the condensed financial results of the mortgage
operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. See
Note 7 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

                                           Three months ended September 30                       Nine months ended September 30
                                              (in thousands of dollars)                             (in thousands of dollars)
                                                                       % Increase                                           % Increase
                                      2022              2021           (Decrease)            2022             2021          (Decrease)
Revenues from external customers
Secondary gains from investors     $    28,825       $    55,441                (48 %)   $    103,220       $ 179,901                (43 %)
Income from loan originations            7,069            11,457                (38 %)         26,463          33,382                (21 %)
Change in fair value of loans
held for sale                           (4,131 )            (259 )            (1495 %)         (7,973 )        (8,320 )                4 %
Change in fair value of loan
commitments                             (3,271 )            (381 )             (759 %)         (2,843 )          (549 )             (418 %)
Net investment income                      360               151                138 %             583             408                 43 %
Gains on investments and other
assets                                       -               159               (100 %)            391             199                 96 %
Other                                    4,815             4,197                 15 %          14,396          11,744                 23 %
Total                              $    33,667       $    70,765                (52 %)   $    134,237       $ 216,765                (38 %)

Earnings before income taxes       $    (8,437 )     $     8,675               (197 %)   $     (7,518 )     $  27,348               (127 %)



Included in other revenues is service fee income. Profitability for the nine
months ended September 30, 2022 decreased due to (a) a $76,681,000 decrease in
secondary gains from investors, (b) a $6,919,000 decrease in income from loan
originations, (c) $2,294,000 decrease in the fair value of loan commitments, (d)
a $911,000 increase in intersegment expenses, (e) a $217,000 decrease in
intersegment revenues, and (e) a $32,000 increase in depreciation on property
and equipment, which were partially offset by (i) a $37,978,000 decrease in
commissions, (ii) a $4,918,000 decrease in other expenses, (iii) a $2,652,000
increase in other revenues, (iv) a $1,800,000 decrease in costs related to
funding mortgage loans, (v) a $1,019,000 decrease in personnel expenses, (vi) a
$1,154,000 decrease in advertising expenses, (vii) a $893,000 decrease in
intersegment interest expense and other expenses, (viii) a $778,000 decrease in
interest expense, (ix) a $347,000 increase in the fair value of loans held for
sale, (x) a $282,000 decrease in rent and rent related expenses, (xi) a $192,000
increase in gains on investments and other assets, and (xii) $175,000 increase
in net investment income.

55

Consolidated Results of Operations

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared to Three Months Ended September
30, 2021

Total revenues decreased by $36,032,000, or 30.1%, to $83,477,000 for the three
months ended September 30, 2022, from $119,509,000 for the comparable period in
2021. Contributing to this decrease in total revenues was a $37,650,000 decrease
in mortgage fee income and a $3,156,000 decrease in gains on investments and
other assets, a $208,000 decrease in insurance premiums and other
considerations, which were partially offset by a $3,510,000 increase in net
investment income, a $503,000 increase in net mortuary and cemetery sales, and a
$969,000 increase in other revenues.

Mortgage fee income decreased by $37,650,000, or 56.8%, to $28,608,000, for the
three months ended September 30, 2022, from $66,258,000 for the comparable
period in 2021. This decrease was primarily due to a $26,500,000 decrease in
secondary gains from mortgage loans sold to third-party investors into the
secondary market a $3,872,000 decrease in the fair value of loans held for sale,
a $2,891,000 decrease in the fair value of loan commitments, and a $4,387,000
decrease in loan fees and interest income net of a decrease in the provision for
loan loss reserve.

Insurance premiums and other considerations decreased by $208,000, or 0.8%, to
$26,238,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022, from $26,446,000 for
the comparable period in 2021. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease of
$497,000 in renewal premiums which was partially offset by a $289,000 increase
in first year premiums.

Net investment income increased by $3,510,000, or 23.3%, to $18,603,000 for the
three months ended September 30, 2022, from $15,093,000 for the comparable
period in 2021. This increase was primarily attributable to a $3,437,000
increase in mortgage loan interest, a $610,000 increase in real estate income, a
$521,000 increase in fixed maturity securities income, a $434,000 increase in
interest on cash and cash equivalents, a $146,000 increase in income on other
investments, and a $28,000 increase in equity securities income, which were
partially offset by a $1,087,000 increase in investment expenses, a $563,000
decrease in insurance assignment income, and a $16,000 decrease in policy loan
income.

Net mortuary and cemetery sales increased by $503,000, or 8.4%, to $6,470,000
for the three months ended September 30, 2022, from $5,967,000 for the
comparable period in 2021. This increase was primarily due to a $835,000
increase in mortuary at-need sales, which were partially offset by a $207,000
decrease in cemetery pre-need sales and a $125,000 decrease in cemetery at-need
sales.

Gains on investments and other assets decreased by $3,156,000, or 323.0%, to
$2,179,000 in losses for the three months ended September 30, 2022, from
$977,000 in gains for the comparable period in 2021. This decrease in gains on
investments and other assets was primarily due to a $1,512,000 decrease in gains
on equity securities mostly attributable to decreases in the fair value of these
equity securities, a $1,420,000 decrease in gains on other assets, and a
$224,000 decrease in gains on fixed maturity securities.

Other revenues increased by $969,000, or 20.3%, to $5,737,000 for the three
months ended September 30, 2022, from $4,768,000 for the comparable period in
2021. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in servicing fee
revenue.

Total benefits and expenses were $86,780,000, or 104.0% of total revenues, for
the three months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $105,366,000, or 88.2%
of total revenues, for the comparable period in 2021.

Death benefits, surrenders and other policy benefits, and future policy benefits
decreased by an aggregate of $1,213,000 or 5.1%, to $22,724,000 for the three
months ended September 30, 2022, from $23,937,000 for the comparable period in
2021. This decrease was primarily the result of a $1,478,000 decrease in death
benefits ($1,023,000 for COVID-19 related deaths), a $96,000 decrease in future
policy benefits, which were partially offset by a $361,000 increase in surrender
and other policy benefits.

56

Amortization of deferred policy and pre-need acquisition costs and value of
business acquired increased by $352,000, or 7.5%, to $5,062,000 for the three
months ended September 30, 2022, from $4,710,000 for the comparable period in
2021. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the average outstanding
balance of deferred policy and pre-need acquisition costs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $18,346,000, or 24.8%,
to $55,657,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022, from $74,003,000
for the comparable period in 2021. This decrease was primarily the result of a
$13,765,000 decrease in commissions, a $2,597,000 decrease in other expenses, a
$1,008,000 decrease in costs related to funding mortgage loans, a $729,000
decrease in personnel expenses, and $318,000 decrease in advertising expense,
and a $153,000 decrease in rent and rent related expenses, which were partially
offset by a $224,000 increase in depreciation on property and equipment.

Interest expense increased by $329,000, or 18.2%, to $2,137,000 for the three
months ended September 30, 2022, from $1,807,000 for the comparable period in
2021. This increase was primarily due to an increase of $423,000 in interest
expense on bank loans, which was partially offset by a decrease of $94,000 in
interest expense on mortgage warehouse lines for loans held for sale.

Cost of goods and services sold-mortuaries and cemeteries increased by $292,000,
or 32.2%, to $1,200,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022, from
$908,000 for the comparable period in 2021. This increase was primarily due to a
$346,000 increase in mortuary at-need sales, which were partially offset by a
$30,000 decrease in cemetery pre-need sales and a $24,000 decrease in cemetery
at-need sales.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021

Total revenues decreased by $77,448,000, or 21.6%, to $281,470,000 for the nine
months ended September 30, 2022, from $358,918,000 for the comparable period in
2021. Contributing to this decrease in total revenues was a $85,431,000 decrease
in mortgage fee income and a $7,335,000 decrease in gains on investments and
other assets, which were partially offset by a $3,736,000 increase in insurance
premiums and other considerations, a $6,205,000 increase in net investment
income, a $2,698,000 increase in net mortuary and cemetery sales, and a
$2,679,000 increase in other revenues.

Mortgage fee income decreased by $85,431,000, or 41.8%, to $118,983,000, for the
nine months ended September 30, 2022, from $204,414,000 for the comparable
period in 2021. This decrease was primarily due to a $76,565,000 decrease in
secondary gains from mortgage loans sold to third-party investors into the
secondary market and a $6,919,000 decrease in loan fees and interest income net
of a decrease in the provision for loan loss reserve, and a $2,294,000 decrease
in the fair value of loan commitments, which were partially offset by a $347,000
increase in the fair value of loans held for sale.

Insurance premiums and other considerations increased by $3,736,000, or 5.0%, to
$78,491,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from $74,755,000 for
the comparable period in 2021. This increase was due to an increase of
$1,996,000 in renewal premiums due to the growth of the Company's outstanding
policies in recent years, particularly in whole life products, which resulted in
more premium paying business in force and an increase of $1,740,000 in first
year premiums as a result of increased insurance sales.

Net investment income increased by $6,205,000, or 14.2%, to $49,769,000 for the
nine months ended September 30, 2022, from $43,564,000 for the comparable period
in 2021. This increase was primarily attributable to a $7,655,000 increase in
mortgage loan interest, a $1,617,000 increase in income on real estate, a
$544,000 increase in interest on cash and cash equivalents, a $446,000 increase
in fixed maturity securities income, a $262,000 increase in income on other
investments, a $37,000 increase in equity securities income, and a $33,000
increase in policy loan income, which were partially offset by a $3,800,000
increase in investment expenses and a $589,000 decrease in insurance assignment
income.

Net mortuary and cemetery sales increased by $2,698,000, or 14.8%, to
$20,926,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from $18,228,000 for
the comparable period in 2021. This increase was primarily due to a $3,775,000
increase in mortuary at-need sales and a $356,000 increase in cemetery at-need
sales, which were partially offset by a $1,433,000 decrease in cemetery pre-need
sales.

57






Gains on investments and other assets decreased by $7,335,000, or 166.2%, to
$2,921,000 in losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from
$4,414,000 in gains for the comparable period in 2021. This decrease in gains on
investments and other assets was primarily due to a $5,849,000 decrease in gains
on equity securities mostly attributable to decreases in the fair value of these
equity securities, a $1,169,000 decrease in gains on other assets, and a
$317,000 decrease in gains on fixed maturity securities.

Other revenues increased by $2,679,000, or 19.8%, to $16,221,000 for the nine
months ended September 30, 2022, from $13,542,000 for the comparable period in
2021. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in servicing fee
revenue.

Total benefits and expenses were $275,599,000, or 97.9% of total revenues, for
the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $313,742,000, or 87.4%
of total revenues, for the comparable period in 2021.

Death benefits, surrenders and other policy benefits, and future policy benefits
decreased by an aggregate of $201,000 or 0.3%, to $70,296,000 for the nine
months ended September 30, 2022, from $70,497,000 for the comparable period in
2021. This decrease was primarily the result of a $2,910,000 decrease in death
benefits ($2,339,000 for COVID-19 related deaths), which were partially offset
by $1,620,000 increase in future policy benefits and a $1,089,000 increase in
surrender and other policy benefits.

Amortization of deferred policy and pre-need acquisition costs and value of
business acquired increased by $1,570,000, or 13.2%, to $13,511,000 for the nine
months ended September 30, 2022, from $11,941,000 for the comparable period in
2021. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the average outstanding
balance of deferred policy and pre-need acquisition costs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $40,698,000, or 18.2%,
to $182,398,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from $223,096,000
for the comparable period in 2021. This decrease was primarily the result of a
$38,089,000 decrease in commissions, a $3,311,000 decrease in other expenses, a
$1,800,000 decrease in costs related to funding mortgage loans, a $532,000
decrease in rent and rent related expenses, and a $409,000 decrease in
advertising expenses, which were partially offset by a $2,950,000 increase in
personnel expenses and a $493,000 increase in depreciation on property and
equipment.

Interest expense increased by $437,000, or 8.2%, to $5,764,000 for the nine
months ended September 30, 2022, from $5,327,000 for the comparable period in
2021. This increase was primarily due to a $1,215,000 increase in interest
expense on bank loans, which was partially offset by decrease of $778,000 in
interest expense on mortgage warehouse lines for loans held for sale.

Cost of goods and services sold-mortuaries and cemeteries increased by $747,000,
or 26.0%, to $3,628,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from
$2,881,000 for the comparable period in 2021. This increase was primarily due to
a $942,000 increase in mortuary at-need sales and a $42,000 increase in cemetery
at-need sales, which were partially offset by and a $237,000 decrease in
cemetery pre-need sales.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company's life insurance subsidiaries and cemetery and mortuary subsidiaries
realize cash flow from premiums, contract payments and sales on personal
services rendered for cemetery and mortuary business, from interest and
dividends on invested assets, and from the proceeds from the sale or maturity of
investments. The mortgage subsidiaries realize cash flow from fees generated by
originating and refinancing mortgage loans and fees from mortgage loans held for
sale that are sold to investors into the secondary market. It should be noted
that current conditions in the financial markets and economy caused by COVID-19
may affect the realization of these expected cash flows. The Company considers
these sources of cash flow to be adequate to fund future policyholder and
cemetery and mortuary liabilities, which generally are long-term, and adequate
to pay current policyholder claims, annuity payments, expenses related to the
issuance of new policies, the maintenance of existing policies, debt service,
and to meet current operating expenses. As of September 30, 2022,
SecurityNational Mortgage was not in compliance with its warehouse line debt
covenants, but received waivers or amendments from the warehouse banks. In the
unlikely event the Company is required to repay the warehouse lines, the Company
has sufficient cash and borrowing capacity to do so and to continue to fund its
origination activities through other internal funding sources.

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company's
operations provided cash of $109,318,000 and $128,891,000, respectively. The
decrease in cash provided by operations from the nine months ended September 30,
2021 to those ended September 30, 2022 was due primarily to decreased proceeds
from the sale of mortgage loans held for sale.

The Company's liability for future policy benefits is expected to be paid out
over the long-term due to the Company's market niche of selling funeral plans.
Funeral plans are small face value life insurance policies that payout upon a
person's death to cover funeral burial costs. Policyholders generally keep these
policies in force and do not surrender them prior to death. Because of the
long-term nature of these liabilities, the Company is able to hold to maturity
its bonds, real estate, and mortgage loans thus reducing the risk of liquidating
these long-term investments as a result of any sudden changes in their fair
values.

The Company attempts to match the duration of invested assets with its
policyholder and cemetery and mortuary liabilities. The Company may sell
investments other than those held to maturity in the portfolio to help in this
timing matching. The Company purchases short-term investments on a temporary
basis to meet the expectations of short-term requirements of the Company's
products. The Company's investment philosophy is intended to provide a rate of
return, which will persist during the expected duration of policyholder and
cemetery and mortuary liabilities regardless of future interest rate movements.

The Company's investment policy is also to invest predominantly in fixed
maturity securities, real estate, mortgage loans, and warehousing of mortgage
loans held for sale on a short-term basis before selling the loans to investors
in accordance with the requirements and laws governing the life insurance
subsidiaries. Bonds owned by the insurance subsidiaries amounted to $320,546,000
(at estimated fair value) and $259,005,000 (at estimated fair value) as of
September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. This represented 34.7%
and 31.5% of the total investments as of September 30, 2022, and December 31,
2021, respectively. Generally, all bonds owned by the life insurance
subsidiaries are rated by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners.
Under this rating system, there are six categories used for rating bonds. At
September 30, 2022, 2.2% (or $7,311,000) and at December 31, 2021, 3.9% (or
$9,991,000) of the Company's total bond investments were invested in bonds in
rating categories three through six, which are considered non-investment grade.

The Company is subject to risk-based capital guidelines established by statutory
regulators requiring minimum capital levels based on the perceived risk of
assets, liabilities, disintermediation, and business risk. At September 30, 2022
and December 31, 2021, the life insurance subsidiaries were in compliance with
the regulatory criteria.

The Company's total capitalization of stockholders' equity, bank and other loans
payable was $470,342,000 as of September 30, 2022, as compared to $551,054,000
as of December 31, 2021. Stockholders' equity as a percent of total
capitalization was 57.2% and 54.4% as of September 30, 2022 and December 31,
2021, respectively.

Lapse rates measure the amount of insurance terminated during a particular
period. The Company's lapse rate for life insurance in 2021 was 4.8% as compared
to a rate of 5.9% for 2020. The 2022 lapse rate to date has been approximately
the same as 2021.

The combined statutory capital and surplus of the Company's life insurance
subsidiaries was $90,667,000 and $82,823,000 as of September 30, 2022 and
December 31, 2021, respectively. The life insurance subsidiaries cannot pay a
dividend to their parent company without the approval of state insurance
regulatory authorities.

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COVID-19

During 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 had spread worldwide and was declared a
global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. COVID-19,
and its variants, pose a threat to the health and economic well-being of the
Company's employees, customers, and vendors. The Company continues to closely
monitor developments relating to COVID-19 and assessing its impact on the
Company's business. The continued uncertainty surrounding COVID-19 has had and
continues to have a significant impact on the global economy and financial
markets. Governments and businesses have taken numerous measures to try to
contain the virus and its variants, which include the implementation of travel
bans, self-imposed quarantine periods, social distancing, and various mask and
vaccine mandates. These measures have disrupted and will continue to disrupt
businesses globally. Governments and central banks have reacted with significant
monetary and fiscal interventions designed to stabilize the economic conditions.
Most monetary and fiscal interventions have been significantly curtailed.

Like most businesses, COVID-19 has impacted the Company, including the temporary
adoption of work from home arrangements and a restructuring of selling
techniques for its products and services. The Company also experienced increased
expenses for cleaning services of its offices. Throughout 2021 and 2022, the
Company continued to adapt to the impact of COVID-19 and its related economic
effects. The Company cannot, with any certainty predict the severity or duration
with which COVID-19 will impact the Company's business, financial condition,
results of operations, and cash flows. To the extent COVID-19 adversely affects
the Company's business, financial condition, and results of operations, it may
also have the effect of heightening many of the other Company risks. These
uncertainties have the potential to negatively affect the risk of credit default
for the issuers of the Company's fixed maturity debt securities and individual
borrowers with mortgage loans held by the Company.

The Company has implemented risk management, business continuity plans and has
taken preventive measures and other precautions, including some remote work
arrangements. Such measures and precautions have enabled the Company to continue
to conduct business.