ATHENE HOLDING LTD – 10-Q – Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Index to Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Overview 61 Industry Trends and Competition 63 Key Operating and Non-GAAP Measures 67 Results of Operations 70 Investment Portfolio 75 Non-GAAP Measure Reconciliations 94 Liquidity and Capital Resources 98 Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments 103 60
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
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Overview We are a leading financial services company specializing in retirement services that issues, reinsures and acquires retirement savings products designed for the increasing number of individuals and institutions seeking to fund retirement needs. We generate attractive financial results for our policyholders and shareholders by combining our two core competencies of (1) sourcing long-term, generally illiquid liabilities and (2) investing in a high-quality investment portfolio, which takes advantage of the illiquid nature of our liabilities. Our steady and significant base of earnings generates capital that we opportunistically invest across our business to source attractively-priced liabilities and capitalize on opportunities. EffectiveJanuary 1, 2022 , as a result of the closing of the merger involving us and Apollo, Apollo Global Management, Inc. (NYSE: APO) became the beneficial owner of 100% of our Class A common shares and controls all of the voting power to elect members to our board of directors. We have established a significant base of earnings and, as ofJune 30, 2022 , have an expected annual net investment spread, which measures our investment performance plus strategic capital management fees less the total cost of our liabilities, of 1-2% over the 8.6 year weighted-average life of our net reserve liabilities. The weighted-average life includes deferred annuities, pension group annuities, funding agreements, payout annuities and other products. Our total assets have grown to$234.3 billion as ofJune 30, 2022 . For the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and the year endedDecember 31, 2021 , we generated an annualized net investment spread of 1.59% and 1.94%, respectively. The following table presents the inflows generated from our organic and inorganic channels: Successor Predecessor Successor Predecessor Three months ended June 30, Three months ended Six months ended Six months ended (In millions) 2022 June 30, 2021 June 30, 2022 June 30, 2021 Retail$ 3,748 $ 1,749$ 6,613 $ 3,506 Flow reinsurance 1,038 279 2,039 578 Funding agreements1 1,755 4,074 7,451 7,300 Pension group annuities 5,508 1,474 7,502 4,367 Gross organic inflows 12,049 7,576 23,605 15,751 Gross inorganic inflows - - - - Total gross inflows 12,049 7,576 23,605 15,751 Gross outflows2 (4,925) (4,635) (9,808) (8,757) Net flows$ 7,124 $ 2,941$ 13,797 $ 6,994 Inflows attributable to Athene$ 8,889 $ 5,895$ 18,222 $ 12,600 Inflows attributable to ACRA noncontrolling interest 3,160 1,681 5,383 3,151 Total gross inflows$ 12,049 $ 7,576$ 23,605 $ 15,751 Outflows attributable to Athene$ (4,062) $ (3,941)$ (8,134) $ (7,422) Outflows attributable to ACRA noncontrolling interest (863) (694) (1,674) (1,335) Total gross outflows2$ (4,925) $ (4,635)$ (9,808) $ (8,757)
1 Funding agreements are comprised of funding agreements issued under our FABN and FABR programs, funding agreements issued to the FHLB and
long-term repurchase agreements. 2 Gross outflows consist of full and partial policyholder withdrawals on deferred annuities, death benefits,
pension group annuity benefit payments, payments on payout annuities and funding agreement maturities.
Our organic channels, including retail, flow reinsurance and institutional products, provided gross inflows of$23.6 billion and$15.8 billion for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which were underwritten to attractive, above target returns. Gross organic inflows increased$7.9 billion , or 50% from the prior year, reflecting the strength of our multi-channel distribution platform and our ability to quickly pivot into optimal and profitable channels as opportunities arise. Withdrawals on our deferred annuities, maturities of our funding agreements, payments on payout annuities and pension group annuity payments (collectively, gross outflows), in the aggregate were$9.8 billion and$8.8 billion for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in gross outflows was primarily driven by the maturity of funding agreement issuances in 2022. We believe that our credit profile, our current product offerings and product design capabilities as well as our growing reputation as both a seasoned funding agreement issuer and a reliable pension group annuity counterparty will continue to enable us to grow our existing organic channels and allow us to source additional volumes of profitably underwritten liabilities in various market environments. We plan to continue to grow organically by expanding each of our retail, flow reinsurance and institutional distribution channels. We believe that we have the right people, infrastructure, scale and capital discipline to position us for continued growth. 61
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Within our retail channel, we had fixed annuity sales of$6.6 billion and$3.5 billion for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in our retail channel was driven by the strong performance of our indexed annuity and MYGA products across our bank, independent marketing organization (IMO) and broker-dealer channels, exhibiting strong sales execution as interest rates have risen in the current year, and our expansion into large financial institutions. We have maintained our disciplined approach to pricing, including with respect to targeted underwritten returns. We aim to continue to grow our retail channel by deepening our relationships with our approximately 53 IMOs; approximately 72,000 independent agents; and our growing network of 18 banks and 122 regional broker-dealers. Our strong financial position and diverse, capital efficient products allow us to be dependable partners with IMOs, banks and broker-dealers as well as consistently write new business. We expect our retail channel to continue to benefit from our credit profile and recent product launches. We believe this should support growth in sales at our desired cost of funds through increased volumes via current IMOs, while also allowing us to continue to expand our bank and broker-dealer channels. Additionally, we continue to focus on hiring and training a specialized sales force and creating products to capture new potential distribution opportunities. In our flow reinsurance channel, we target reinsurance business consistent with our preferred liability characteristics and, as such, flow reinsurance provides another opportunistic channel for us to source liabilities with attractive crediting rates. We generated inflows through our flow reinsurance channel of$2.0 billion and$578 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in our flow reinsurance channel from prior year was driven by strong volumes from our new Japanese partner added during the second half of 2021 as well as volumes from existing partnerships as rising rates have led to more favorable pricing. We expect that our credit profile and our reputation as a solutions provider will help us continue to source additional reinsurance partners, which will further diversify our flow reinsurance channel. Within our institutional channel, we generated inflows of$15.0 billion and$11.7 billion for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in our institutional channel was driven by higher pension group annuity and funding agreement inflows. During the six months endedJune 30, 2022 , we closed five pension group annuity transactions and issued annuity contracts in the aggregate principal amount of$7.5 billion , compared to$4.4 billion during the six months endedJune 30, 2021 . Since entering the pension group annuity channel in 2017, we have closed 38 deals involving more than 410,000 plan participants resulting in the issuance or reinsurance of group annuities of$37.7 billion to date. We issued funding agreements in the aggregate principal amount of$7.5 billion and$7.3 billion for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which included nine FABN issuances in four different currencies for the first half of the year. Funding agreements are comprised of funding agreements issued under our FABN and FABR programs, funding agreements issued to the FHLB and repurchase agreements with maturities exceeding one year at issuance, with inflows in the aggregate principal amount of$4.3 billion ,$1.0 billion ,$495 million and$1.6 billion , respectively, for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and issuances outstanding of$23.0 billion ,$2.0 billion ,$3.0 billion and$2.2 billion , respectively, as ofJune 30, 2022 . We expect to grow our institutional channel by continuing to engage in pension group annuity transactions and programmatic issuances of funding agreements. Our inorganic channel has contributed significantly to our growth through both acquisitions and block reinsurance transactions. We believe our internal transactions team, with support from Apollo, has an industry-leading ability to source, underwrite and expeditiously close transactions. With support from Apollo, we are a solutions provider with a proven track record of closing transactions, which we believe makes us the ideal partner to insurance companies seeking to restructure their business. We expect that our inorganic channel will continue to be an important source of profitable growth in the future. Executing our growth strategy requires that we have sufficient capital available to deploy. We believe that we have significant capital available to us to support our growth aspirations. As ofJune 30, 2022 , we estimate that we have approximately$6.6 billion in capital available to deploy, consisting of approximately$3.2 billion in excess capital,$2.8 billion in untapped debt capacity (assuming a peer average adjusted debt to capitalization ratio of 25%) and$0.6 billion in available undrawn capital at ACRA, subject, in the case of debt capacity, to favorable market conditions and general availability. In order to support our growth strategies and capital deployment opportunities, we established ACRA as a long-duration, on-demand capital vehicle. We own 36.55% of the economic interests in ACRA, with the remaining 63.45% of the economic interests being owned by ADIP, a series of funds managed by an affiliate of Apollo. ACRA participates in certain transactions by drawing a portion of the required capital for such transactions from third-party investors equal to ADIP's proportionate economic interest in ACRA. This shareholder-friendly, strategic capital solution allows us the flexibility to simultaneously deploy capital across multiple accretive avenues, while maintaining a strong financial position. Merger with Apollo OnJanuary 1, 2022 , we completed our merger with AGM and are now a direct wholly owned subsidiary of AGM. The total consideration for the transaction was$13.1 billion . The consideration was calculated based on historical AGM'sDecember 31, 2021 closing share price multiplied by the AGM common shares issued in the share exchange, as well as the fair value of stock-based compensation awards replaced, fair value of warrants converted to AGM common shares and other equity consideration, and effective settlement of pre-existing relationships and other consideration. At the closing of the merger with AGM, each issued and outstanding AHL Class A common share (other than shares held by Apollo, the AOG or the respective direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of Athene or the AOG) was converted automatically into 1.149 shares of AGM common shares with cash paid in lieu of any fractional AGM common shares. In connection with the merger, AGM issued to AHL Class A common shareholders 158.2 million AGM common shares in exchange for 137.6 million AHL Class A common shares that were issued and outstanding as of the acquisition date, exclusive of the 54.6 million shares previously held by Apollo immediately before the acquisition date. 62
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AAA Investment OnApril 1, 2022 , we contributed certain of our alternative investments toAAA in exchange for limited partnership interests inAAA . Apollo establishedAAA for the purpose of providing a single vehicle through which we and third-party investors can participate in a portfolio of alternative investments. Additionally, we believeAAA enhances Apollo's ability to increase alternative AUM by raising capital from third parties, which will allow Athene to achieve greater scale and diversification for alternatives. Third-party investors began to invest inAAA onJuly 1, 2022 .
Industry Trends and Competition
Market Conditions
As a leading financial services company specializing in retirement services, we are affected by numerous factors, including the condition of global financial markets and the economy. Price fluctuations within equity, credit, commodity and foreign exchange markets, as well as interest rates, which may be volatile and mixed across geographies, can significantly impact the performance of our business including but not limited to the valuation of investments and related income we may recognize. We carefully monitor economic and market conditions that could potentially give rise to global market volatility and affect our business operations, investment portfolio and derivatives, which includes global inflation. We have seen US inflation continue to rise during the second quarter of 2022. TheUS Bureau of Labor Statistics reported the annual US inflation rate increased to 9.1% as ofJune 30, 2022 , compared to 8.5% as ofMarch 31, 2022 and continues to be the highest rate since the 1980s. The increase in US inflation rate has been driven by various factors, including the armed conflict betweenUkraine andRussia , supply chain disruptions, consumer demand, tight labor markets, historically low albeit rising mortgage interest rates, a severely distorted supply/demand housing imbalance, and residential vacancy rates. During the second quarter of 2022, the US Federal Reserve (Federal Reserve ) followed through with its commitment to take action to lessen inflation transpiring widely through the US economy, resulting in considerable market volatility. TheFederal Reserve voted to increase the federal funds rate during the second quarter of 2022. Further, the increasing yield disparity globally drove the strength of the US dollar, with the US dollar achieving near parity to the Euro in the last weeks of the second quarter. Adverse economic conditions may result from domestic and global economic and political developments, including plateauing or decreasing economic growth and business activity, civil unrest, geopolitical tensions or military action, such as the armed conflict betweenUkraine andRussia and corresponding sanctions imposed by the US and other countries, and new or evolving legal and regulatory requirements on business investment, hiring, migration, labor supply and global supply chains. Equity markets dropped in the second quarter of 2022 as recession concerns grew, and credit markets faced similar underperformance. TheBureau of Economic Analysis reported real GDP decreased at an annual rate of 0.9% in the second quarter of 2022. As it appears likely that negative GDP growth has existed for more than a quarter thus far, one technical definition for a recession appears to have been met. However, the US unemployment rate remained unchanged at 3.6% as ofJune 30, 2022 , as reported by theUS Bureau of Labor Statistics , and low unemployment poses an unusual situation for a recession. As ofJuly 2022 , theInternational Monetary Fund estimated the US will expand by 2.3% in 2022 and 1.0% in 2023. The price of crude oil appreciated by 5.5% during the quarter, after appreciating by 33.3% the first quarter of 2022, in large part due to constrained supply due to the ongoing conflict betweenUkraine andRussia , and is expected to remain elevated in the foreseeable future.
Interest Rate Environment
Rates have already moved meaningfully higher than most predictions for 2022, although the end of the second quarter found the ten-yearUS Treasury within the 2.80% - 3.20% range. Given theFederal Reserve's continued focus on curbing inflation and the recessionary concerns discussed previously, it is difficult to predict rates in the short term. Our investment portfolio consists predominantly of fixed maturity investments. See - Investment Portfolio. If prevailing interest rates were to rise, we believe the yield on our new investment purchases may also rise and our investment income from floating rate investments would increase, while the value of our existing investments may decline. If prevailing interest rates were to decline, it is likely that the yield on our new investment purchases may decline and our investment income from floating rate investments would decrease, while the value of our existing investments may increase. We address interest rate risk through managing the duration of the liabilities we source with assets we acquire through ALM modeling. As part of our investment strategy, we purchase floating rate investments, which we expect would perform well in a rising interest rate environment, as we are currently experiencing, and which we expect would underperform in a declining rate environment. As ofJune 30, 2022 , our net invested asset portfolio includes$38.9 billion of floating rate investments, or 21% of our net invested assets, and our net reserve liabilities include$14.3 billion of floating rate liabilities at notional, or 8% of our net invested assets, translating to$24.6 billion of net floating rate assets, or 13% of our net invested assets. 63
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If prevailing interest rates were to rise, we believe our products would be more attractive to consumers and our sales would likely increase. If prevailing interest rates were to decline, it is likely that our products would be less attractive to consumers and our sales would likely decrease. In periods of prolonged low interest rates, the net investment spread may be negatively impacted by reduced investment income to the extent that we are unable to adequately reduce policyholder crediting rates due to policyholder guarantees in the form of minimum crediting rates or otherwise due to market conditions. As ofJune 30, 2022 , most of our products were deferred annuities with 20% of our FIAs at the minimum guarantees and 35% of our fixed rate annuities at the minimum crediting rates. As ofJune 30, 2022 , minimum guarantees on all of our deferred annuities, including those with crediting rates already at their minimum guarantees, were, on average, greater than 115 basis points below the crediting rates on such deferred annuities, allowing us room to reduce rates before reaching the minimum guarantees. Our remaining liabilities are associated with immediate annuities, pension group annuity obligations, funding agreements and life contracts for which we have little to no discretionary ability to change the rates of interest payable to the respective policyholder or institution. A significant majority of our deferred annuity products have crediting rates that we may reset annually upon renewal, following the expiration of the current guaranteed period. While we have the contractual ability to lower these crediting rates to the guaranteed minimum levels, our willingness to do so may be limited by competitive pressures. See Part I-Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks to this report and Part II-Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks in our 2021 Annual Report, which includes a discussion regarding interest rate and other significant risks and our strategies for managing these risks.
Discontinuation of certain IBORs (including LIBOR)
OnDecember 31, 2021 , (1) most LIBOR settings (i.e., 24 out of 35, including 1-week and 2-month US Dollar (USD) LIBOR as well as all other non-USD LIBOR settings) ceased to be published and (2) a few of the most widely used GBP and JPY LIBOR settings (i.e., 1-, 3- and 6- month GBP and JPY LIBOR settings) were deemed permanently unrepresentative, but will continue to be published on a synthetic basis, for a limited time period for the purpose of all legacy contracts (except for cleared derivatives). The remaining USD LIBOR settings (i.e., 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month USD LIBOR settings) will continue to be published, subject to limitations on use, and cease or become unrepresentative onJune 30, 2023 . Without the intervention of theUK Financial Conduct Authority using enhanced powers provided by theUK Government to compel continued panel bank contribution by the IBA, the LIBOR administrator, LIBOR will cease publication afterJune 30, 2023 . Similar developments have occurred with respect to other IBORs. As a result of the expected discontinuation of certain IBORs, including LIBOR, regulators and market participants in various jurisdictions have been working to identify alternative reference rates that are compliant with theInternational Organization of Securities Commission's standards for transaction-based benchmarks. In theU.S. , the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (ARRC), a group of market and official sector participants, identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) as its recommended alternative benchmark rate. Other alternative reference rates have been recommended in other jurisdictions (e.g., in theUnited Kingdom , the alternative benchmark rate for GBP LIBOR is the Sterling Overnight Interbank Average Rate). The discontinuation of IBORs could have a significant impact on the financial markets and represents a material uncertainty to our business. In particular, to manage the uncertainty surrounding the discontinuation of LIBOR, we have established a LIBOR transition team and a transition plan. We have created anExecutive Steering Committee composed of senior executives to coordinate and oversee the execution of our plan. It is difficult to predict the full impact of the transition away from LIBOR on our contracts whose value is tied to LIBOR. The value or profitability of these contracts may be adversely affected. As ofJune 30, 2022 , we had contracts tied to LIBOR in the notional amounts set forth in the table below: Extending Beyond (In millions) Total Exposure June 30, 2023 Investments$ 32,966 $ 28,932 Product Liabilities 10,696 3,878 Derivatives Hedging Product Liabilities 15,317 6,898 Other Derivatives 3,552 3,552 Other Contracts 1,663 1,113 Total notional of contracts tied to LIBOR$ 64,194 $ 44,373 64
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Investments As ofJune 30, 2022 , our investments tied to LIBOR were in the following asset classes: (In millions) Total Exposure Extending Beyond June 30, 2023 Multi-lateral Arrangements Corporates $ 793 $ 625 RMBS 2,897 2,835 CMBS 635 483 CLO 14,899 14,687 ABS 5,725 5,291 Bank Loans 1,341 1,198 Total Multi-lateral Arrangements 26,290 25,119 Bi-lateral Arrangements CML 6,551 3,688 RML 125 125 Total Bi-lateral Arrangements 6,676 3,813 Total investments tied to LIBOR$ 32,966 $
28,932
Of the total notional value of investment-related contracts tied to LIBOR extending beyondJune 30, 2023 ,$25.1 billion , or 86.8%, relate to multi-lateral arrangements. These arrangements are typically characterized by a large, diverse set of unrelated holders, the majority or all of whom must consent to amendments to the terms of the underlying investment instrument. Generally, when the amendments concern a material term such as the determination of interest, consent must be unanimous. Given the collective action issues inherent in such structures, such consent is typically impracticable and beyond our control. The existence and character of fallback provisions affected by the discontinuation of LIBOR vary widely from instrument to instrument. Many of our legacy contracts may not contemplate the permanent discontinuation of LIBOR and upon LIBOR's discontinuation may result in the conversion of the instrument from a floating- to a fixed-rate instrument or may involve a significant degree of uncertainty as to the method of determining interest. To the extent that such legacy arrangements do not contemplate the permanent discontinuation of LIBOR, we would most likely look to some broad-based solution, such as theNew York or US federal LIBOR transition law, to rectify such deficiency. To the extent that such a solution is ineffective, for example as a result of being ruled unconstitutional, we would likely be required to undertake a re-evaluation of affected investments, which might result in the disposition of individual positions. To the extent that individual positions are retained, we may incur adverse financial consequences, including any mark-to-market impacts resulting from those investments that convert from a floating to a fixed rate. To the extent that the fallback rates ultimately used to determine interest payable on structured securities do not align with the fallback rates used to determine interest payable on the underlying assets, economic losses could be sustained on the overall structure.
The remaining notional value of investment-related contracts tied to LIBOR
extending beyond
arrangements that are capable of being amended through negotiation with the
relevant counterparty.
As our investment manager, Apollo maintains the documentation associated with the assets in our investment portfolio. We are therefore dependent upon Apollo for the successful completion of our LIBOR transition efforts relating to our investment portfolio. See Part I-Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Relating to Our Business Operations-Uncertainty relating to the LIBOR Calculation process and the phasing out of LIBOR after a future date may adversely affect the value of our investment portfolio, our ability to achieve our hedging objectives and our ability to issue funding agreements bearing a floating rate of interest included in our 2021 Annual Report. Apollo's failure to fulfill its responsibilities could have an adverse impact on our results of operations and ability to timely report accurate financial information.
Product Liabilities and Associated Hedging Instruments
As ofJune 30, 2022 , we had product liabilities with a notional value of approximately$10.7 billion for which LIBOR is a component in the determination of interest credited, of which we expect$3.9 billion to have a current crediting term that extends beyondJune 30, 2023 . For purposes of evaluating our exposure to LIBOR, we only consider our exposure to the current crediting term, which is typically one to two years. Upon renewal of the crediting term, we have the ability to migrate policyholders into new strategies not involving LIBOR. Generally, there are two categories of indices that use LIBOR in the determination of interest credited, "excess return" indices (return of index in excess of LIBOR) and indices that use LIBOR as a means to control volatility. The indices to which these products are tied are primarily proprietary indices for which key inputs are determined by the index sponsor. The index sponsor generally has the right to unilaterally change the reference rate upon the discontinuation of LIBOR. As a result, we do not anticipate any administrative concerns in connection with the transition from LIBOR to a replacement rate with respect to these products. 65
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As ofJune 30, 2022 , we held derivatives with a notional value of approximately$15.3 billion to hedge our exposure to these product liabilities, of which we expect$6.9 billion to extend beyondJune 30, 2023 . Included within this category are$4.9 billion of Eurodollar futures, of which we expect$3.2 billion to extend beyondJune 30, 2023 . Exchange traded products, such as Eurodollar futures, will follow the CME Group Inc.'s approach regarding the discontinuation of LIBOR. The remaining derivatives in this category are primarily purchased to hedge the current crediting period. We will be required to purchase new derivatives in future periods to hedge future crediting periods associated with the related existing product liabilities, which will expose us to potential basis mismatch to the extent that the reference rate for the product liability is not the same as the reference rate for the derivative instrument. These derivatives are entered into pursuant to an ISDA Master Agreement and will transition to SOFR in accordance with the process described below under the caption Other Derivatives.
Other Derivatives
Our other derivative contracts tied to LIBOR are generally entered into pursuant to an ISDA Master Agreement. ISDA published the ISDA 2020 IBOR Fallbacks Protocol (Protocol) and released Supplement 70 to the 2006 ISDA Definitions (Supplement) onOctober 23, 2020 . The Protocol and Supplement include appropriate fallbacks that contemplate the permanent discontinuation of LIBOR and certain other IBORs. InJanuary 2021 , we joined industry peers by adhering to the Protocol and terms of the Supplement, each of which became effective onJanuary 25, 2021 . With respect to future transactions, we anticipate adoption of the 2021 ISDA Interest Rate Definitions. To the extent that the fallbacks incorporated into our other derivative contracts result in the use of a replacement rate that differs from that employed in the contract being hedged, we may experience basis mismatch. The Protocol contains templates for possible bilateral amendments to legacy contracts for situations in which the fallbacks contemplated by the Protocol give rise to potential basis risk. We intend to evaluate whether and the extent to which we are subject to such basis risk, as well as the possibility of using the available templates to mitigate such risk.
Other Contracts and Other Sources of Exposure
The "Other Contracts" category is comprised of our LIBOR-based floating rate funding agreements, fixed-to-float Series A preference shares, and our credit agreement, if any amounts were to be outstanding, all of which contemplate the permanent discontinuation of LIBOR. These agreements are tied to LIBOR in a manner that is not expected to have a significant impact upon LIBOR's discontinuation or have fallback provisions in place that provide for the determination of interest after the discontinuation of LIBOR. In addition to the other contracts for which we have quantified our exposure, we are party to contracts that are tied to LIBOR based upon the occurrence of some remote contingency, such as the accrual of penalty interest, or for which LIBOR is otherwise not a material term of the contract. These contracts do not lend themselves to quantification and are lower in priority in our LIBOR remediation efforts. Finally, LIBOR is used as a component in our internal derivative valuation models. We are in the process of transitioning the benchmark yield curve in such models from LIBOR to SOFR and we expect to complete the transition prior to the discontinuation of LIBOR. Such transition may affect the valuation of our derivative instruments. We can provide no assurance that we will be successful at fully implementing our plan prior to the discontinuation of LIBOR. Completion of certain components of our plan are contingent upon market developments and are therefore not fully within our control. To the extent management effort and attention is focused on other matters, the timely completion of our plan could become more difficult. Failure to fully implement our plan prior to the discontinuation of LIBOR may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows and on our ability to timely report accurate financial information. Demographics Over the next four decades, the retirement-age population is expected to experience unprecedented growth. Technological advances and improvements in healthcare are projected to continue to contribute to increasing average life expectancy, and aging individuals must be prepared to fund retirement periods that will last longer than ever before. Further, many working households inthe United States do not have adequate retirement savings. As a tool for addressing the unmet need for retirement planning, we believe that many Americans have begun to look to tax-efficient savings products with low-risk or guaranteed return features and potential equity market upside. Our tax-efficient savings products are well positioned to meet this increasing customer demand.
Competition
We operate in highly competitive markets. We face a variety of large and small industry participants, including diversified financial institutions, insurance and reinsurance companies and private equity firms. These companies compete in one form or another for the growing pool of retirement assets driven by a number of external factors such as the continued aging of the population and the reduction in safety nets provided by governments and private employers. In the markets in which we operate, scale and the ability to provide value-added services and build long-term relationships are important factors to compete effectively. We believe that our leading presence in the retirement market, diverse range of capabilities and broad distribution network uniquely position us to effectively serve consumers' increasing demand for retirement solutions, particularly in the FIA market. According to LIMRA, total fixed annuity market sales inthe United States were$35.2 billion for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 , a 13.5% increase from the same time period in 2021, as a rise in interest rates spurred continued growth in the US annuity market. In the total fixed annuity market, for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 (the most recent period for which specific market share data is available), we were the fourth largest company based on sales of$2.6 billion , translating to a 7.5% market share. For the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , our market share was 5.4% with sales of$1.7 billion . 66
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According to LIMRA, total fixed-indexed annuity market sales inthe United States were$16.3 billion for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 , a 20.7% increase from the same time period in 2021. For the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 (the most recent period for which specific market share data is available), we were the largest provider of FIAs based on sales of$2.2 billion , and our market share for the same period was 13.7%. For the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , we were the largest provider of FIAs based on sales of$1.6 billion , translating to a 12.1% market share. According to LIMRA, total registered indexed linked annuity (RILA) market sales inthe United States were$9.6 billion for the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 , a 6.0% increase from the same time period in 2021. For the three months endedMarch 31, 2022 (the most recent period for which specific market share data is available), we were the ninth largest provider of RILAs based on sales of$235 million , and our market share for the same period was 2.4%. For the three months endedMarch 31, 2021 , we were the tenth largest provider of RILAs based on sales of$78 million , translating to a 0.9% market share. We believe RILAs represent a significant growth opportunity for Athene.
Key Operating and Non-GAAP Measures
In addition to our results presented in accordance with GAAP, we present certain financial information that includes non-GAAP measures. Management believes the use of these non-GAAP measures, together with the relevant GAAP measures, provides information that may enhance an investor's understanding of our results of operations and the underlying profitability drivers of our business. The majority of these non-GAAP measures are intended to remove from the results of operations the impact of market volatility (other than with respect to alternative investments) as well as integration, restructuring and certain other expenses which are not part of our underlying profitability drivers, as such items fluctuate from period to period in a manner inconsistent with these drivers. These measures should be considered supplementary to our results in accordance with GAAP and should not be viewed as a substitute for the corresponding GAAP measures.
Spread Related Earnings (SRE)
Spread related earnings is a pre-tax non-GAAP measure used to evaluate our financial performance excluding market volatility and expenses related to integration, restructuring, stock compensation and other expenses. Our spread related earnings equals net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder adjusted to eliminate the impact of the following: •Investment Gains (Losses), Net of Offsets-Consists of the realized gains and losses on the sale of AFS securities, the change in fair value of reinsurance assets, unrealized gains and losses, changes in the credit loss allowance, and other investment gains and losses. Unrealized, allowances and other investment gains and losses are comprised of the fair value adjustments of trading securities (other than CLOs) and mortgage loans, investments held under the fair value option and our investment in Apollo, derivative gains and losses not hedging FIA index credits, and the change in credit loss allowances recognized in operations net of the change in AmerUs Closed Block fair value reserve related to the corresponding change in fair value of investments. Investment gains and losses are net of offsets related to DAC and DSI amortization and changes to guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefit (GLWB) and guaranteed minimum death benefit (GMDB) reserves (together, GLWB and GMDB reserves represent rider reserves) as well as the market value adjustments (MVA) associated with surrenders or terminations of contracts. •Change in Fair Values of Derivatives and Embedded Derivatives - FIAs, Net of Offsets-Consists of impacts related to the fair value accounting for derivatives hedging the FIA index credits and the related embedded derivative liability fluctuations from period to period. The index reserve is measured at fair value for the current period and all periods beyond the current policyholder index term. However, the FIA hedging derivatives are purchased to hedge only the current index period. Upon policyholder renewal at the end of the period, new FIA hedging derivatives are purchased to align with the new term. The difference in duration between the FIA hedging derivatives and the index credit reserves creates a timing difference in earnings. This timing difference of the FIA hedging derivatives and index credit reserves is included as a non-operating adjustment, net of offsets related to DAC and DSI amortization and changes to rider reserves. We primarily hedge with options that align with the index terms of our FIA products (typically 1-2 years). On an economic basis, we believe this is suitable because policyholder accounts are credited with index performance at the end of each index term. However, because the term of an embedded derivative in an FIA contract is longer-dated, there is a duration mismatch which may lead to mismatches for accounting purposes.
•Integration, Restructuring, and Other Non-operating Expenses-Consists of
restructuring and integration expenses related to acquisitions and block
reinsurance costs as well as certain other expenses, which are not predictable
or related to our underlying profitability drivers.
•Stock Compensation Expense-Consists of stock compensation expenses associated with our share incentive plans, including long-term incentive expenses, which are not related to our underlying profitability drivers and fluctuate from time to time due to the structure of our plans. •Income Tax (Expense) Benefit -Consists of the income tax effect of all income statement adjustments, including our Apollo investment, and is computed by applying the appropriate jurisdiction's tax rate to all adjustments subject to income tax. 67
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
We consider these adjustments to be meaningful adjustments to net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder for the reasons discussed in greater detail above. Accordingly, we believe using a measure which excludes the impact of these items is useful in analyzing our business performance and the trends in our results of operations. Together with net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder, we believe spread related earnings provides a meaningful financial metric that helps investors understand our underlying results and profitability. Spread related earnings should not be used as a substitute for net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder.
Adjusted Debt to Capital Ratio
Adjusted debt to capital ratio is a non-GAAP measure used to evaluate our capital structure excluding the impacts of AOCI and the cumulative changes in fair value of funds withheld and modco reinsurance assets as well as mortgage loan assets, net of DAC, DSI, rider reserve and tax offsets. Adjusted debt to capital ratio is calculated as total long-term and short-term debt at notional value divided by adjusted capitalization. Adjusted capitalization includes our adjusted AHL common shareholder's equity, preferred stock and the notional value of our debt. Adjusted AHL common shareholder's equity is calculated as the ending AHL shareholders' equity excluding AOCI, the cumulative changes in fair value of funds withheld and modco reinsurance assets and mortgage loan assets as well as preferred stock. These adjustments fluctuate period to period in a manner inconsistent with our underlying profitability drivers as the majority of such fluctuation is related to the market volatility of the unrealized gains and losses associated with our AFS securities. Except with respect to reinvestment activity relating to acquired blocks of businesses, we typically buy and hold AFS investments to maturity throughout the duration of market fluctuations, therefore, the period-over-period impacts in unrealized gains and losses are not necessarily indicative of current operating fundamentals or future performance. Accordingly, we believe using measures which exclude AOCI and the cumulative changes in fair value of funds withheld and modco reinsurance assets as well as mortgage loan assets are useful in analyzing trends in our operating results. Adjusted debt to capital ratio should not be used as a substitute for the debt to capital ratio. However, we believe the adjustments to shareholders' equity are significant to gaining an understanding of our capitalization, debt utilization and debt capacity.
Net Investment Spread and Other Operating Expenses
Net investment spread is a key measure of profitability. Net investment spread measures our investment performance plus our strategic capital management fees from ACRA, less our total cost of funds. Net investment earned rate is a key measure of our investment performance while cost of funds is a key measure of the cost of our policyholder benefits and liabilities. Net investment earned rate is a non-GAAP measure we use to evaluate the performance of our net invested assets that does not correspond to GAAP net investment income. Net investment earned rate is computed as the income from our net invested assets divided by the average net invested assets, for the relevant period. To enhance the ability to analyze these measures across periods, interim periods are annualized. The adjustments to net investment income to arrive at our net investment earned rate add (a) alternative investment gains and losses, (b) gains and losses related to trading securities for CLOs, (c) net VIE impacts (revenues, expenses and noncontrolling interest), (d) forward points gains and losses on foreign exchange derivative hedges and (e) the change in fair value of reinsurance assets, and removes the proportionate share of the ACRA net investment income associated with the ACRA noncontrolling interest. We include the income and assets supporting our change in fair value of reinsurance assets by evaluating the underlying investments of the funds withheld at interest receivables and we include the net investment income from those underlying investments which does not correspond to the GAAP presentation of change in fair value of reinsurance assets. We exclude the income and assets supporting business that we have exited through ceded reinsurance including funds withheld agreements. We believe the adjustments for reinsurance provide a net investment earned rate on the assets for which we have economic exposure. Cost of funds includes liability costs related to cost of crediting on both deferred annuities and institutional products as well as other liability costs, but does not include the proportionate share of the ACRA cost of funds associated with the noncontrolling interest. Cost of crediting on deferred annuities is the interest credited to the policyholders on our fixed strategies as well as the option costs on the indexed annuity strategies. With respect to FIAs, the cost of providing index credits includes the expenses incurred to fund the annual index credits, and where applicable, minimum guaranteed interest credited. Cost of crediting on institutional products is comprised of (i) pension group annuity costs, including interest credited, benefit payments and other reserve changes, net of premiums received when issued, and (ii) funding agreement costs, including the interest payments and other reserve changes. Other liability costs include DAC, DSI and VOBA amortization, change in rider reserves, the cost of liabilities on products other than deferred annuities and institutional products, premiums, product charges and other revenues. Cost of funds is computed as the total liability costs divided by the average net invested assets, for the relevant period. To enhance the ability to analyze these measures across periods, interim periods are annualized. We believe a measure like cost of funds is useful in analyzing the trends of our core business operations and profitability. While we believe cost of funds is a meaningful financial metric and enhances our understanding of the underlying profitability drivers of our business, it should not be used as a substitute for total benefits and expenses presented under GAAP. Net investment earned rate, cost of funds, and net investment spread are non-GAAP measures we use to evaluate the profitability of our business. We believe these metrics are useful in analyzing the trends of our business operations, profitability and pricing discipline. While we believe each of these metrics are meaningful financial metrics and enhance our understanding of the underlying profitability drivers of our business, they should not be used as a substitute for net investment income or total benefits and expenses presented under GAAP. 68
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
Other operating expenses excludes integration, restructuring and other non-operating expenses, stock compensation and long-term incentive plan expenses, interest expense and policy acquisition expenses. We believe a measure like other operating expenses is useful in analyzing the trends of our core business operations and profitability. While we believe other operating expenses is a meaningful financial metric and enhances our understanding of the underlying profitability drivers of our business, it should not be used as a substitute for policy and other operating expenses presented under GAAP.
Net Invested Assets
In managing our business, we analyze net invested assets, which does not correspond to total investments, including investments in related parties, as disclosed in our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Net invested assets represents the investments that directly back our net reserve liabilities as well as surplus assets. Net invested assets is used in the computation of net investment earned rate, which allows us to analyze the profitability of our investment portfolio. Net invested assets includes (a) total investments on the consolidated balance sheets with AFS securities at cost or amortized cost, excluding derivatives, (b) cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, (c) investments in related parties, (d) accrued investment income, (e) VIE assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interest adjustments, (f) net investment payables and receivables, (g) policy loans ceded (which offset the direct policy loans in total investments) and (h) an allowance for credit losses. Net invested assets also excludes assets associated with funds withheld liabilities related to business exited through reinsurance agreements and derivative collateral (offsetting the related cash positions). We include the underlying investments supporting our assumed funds withheld and modco agreements in our net invested assets calculation in order to match the assets with the income received. We believe the adjustments for reinsurance provide a view of the assets for which we have economic exposure. Net invested assets includes our proportionate share of ACRA investments, based on our economic ownership, but does not include the proportionate share of investments associated with the noncontrolling interest. Net invested assets also includes our investment in Apollo for prior periods. Our net invested assets are averaged over the number of quarters in the relevant period to compute our net investment earned rate for such period. While we believe net invested assets is a meaningful financial metric and enhances our understanding of the underlying drivers of our investment portfolio, it should not be used as a substitute for total investments, including related parties, presented under GAAP.
Net Reserve Liabilities
In managing our business, we also analyze net reserve liabilities, which does not correspond to total liabilities as disclosed in our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Net reserve liabilities represent our policyholder liability obligations net of reinsurance and is used to analyze the costs of our liabilities. Net reserve liabilities include (a) interest sensitive contract liabilities, (b) future policy benefits, (c) dividends payable to policyholders, and (d) other policy claims and benefits, offset by reinsurance recoverable, excluding policy loans ceded. Net reserve liabilities include our proportionate share of ACRA reserve liabilities, based on our economic ownership, but do not include the proportionate share of reserve liabilities associated with the noncontrolling interest. Net reserve liabilities is net of the ceded liabilities to third-party reinsurers as the costs of the liabilities are passed to such reinsurers and, therefore, we have no net economic exposure to such liabilities, assuming our reinsurance counterparties perform under our agreements. The majority of our ceded reinsurance is a result of reinsuring large blocks of life business following acquisitions. For such transactions, GAAP requires the ceded liabilities and related reinsurance recoverables to continue to be recorded in our consolidated financial statements despite the transfer of economic risk to the counterparty in connection with the reinsurance transaction. While we believe net reserve liabilities is a meaningful financial metric and enhances our understanding of the underlying profitability drivers of our business, it should not be used as a substitute for total liabilities presented under GAAP.
Sales
Sales statistics do not correspond to revenues under GAAP but are used as relevant measures to understand our business performance as it relates to inflows generated during a specific period of time. Our sales statistics include inflows for fixed rate annuities and FIAs and align with the LIMRA definition of all money paid into an individual annuity, including money paid into new contracts with initial purchase occurring in the specified period and existing contracts with initial purchase occurring prior to the specified period (excluding internal transfers). While we believe sales is a meaningful metric and enhances our understanding of our business performance, it should not be used as a substitute for premiums presented under GAAP. 69
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
Results of Operations We completed our merger with AGM onJanuary 1, 2022 and have elected pushdown accounting in which we used AGM's basis of accounting that reflects the fair market value of our assets and liabilities as of the date of the merger. The resulting change in the value of our assets and liabilities limits the comparability of our financial results for the Predecessor and Successor periods.
The following summarizes the consolidated results of operations for two periods,
Predecessor and Successor, which relate to the period preceding and period
succeeding our merger with AGM, respectively.
Successor Predecessor Successor Predecessor Three months ended June 30, Three months ended Six months ended Six months ended (In millions) 2022 June 30, 2021 June 30, 2022 June 30, 2021 Revenues$ 1,795 $ 6,423$ 1,526 $ 10,814 Benefits and expenses 5,471 4,433 7,975 8,685 Income (loss) before income taxes (3,676) 1,990 (6,449) 2,129 Income tax expense (benefit) (484) 184 (891) 246 Net income (loss) (3,192) 1,806 (5,558) 1,883 Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests (1,072) 389 (1,955) (148) Net income (loss) attributable to Athene Holding Ltd. (2,120) 1,417 (3,603) 2,031 Less: Preferred stock dividends 35 35 70 71 Net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder$ (2,155) $ 1,382$ (3,673) $ 1,960
Three Months Ended
2021
In this section, references to 2022 refer to the three months ended
2022
Net Income (Loss) Available to AHL Common Shareholder
Net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder decreased by$3.5 billion , or 256%, to$(2.2) billion in 2022 from$1.4 billion in 2021. The decrease in net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder was driven by a$4.6 billion decrease in revenues and a$1.0 billion increase in benefits and expenses, partially offset by a$1.5 billion decrease in noncontrolling interests and a$668 million decrease in income tax expense.
Revenues
Revenues decreased by
2021. The decrease was driven by a decrease in investment related gains and
(losses) and a decrease in net investment income, partially offset by an
increase in premiums.
Investment related gains and (losses) decreased by$8.4 billion to$(5.8) billion in 2022 from$2.6 billion in 2021, primarily due to the changes in the fair value of reinsurance assets, FIA hedging derivatives, mortgage loans, trading and equity securities, realized losses on AFS securities and an increase in the provision for credit losses, partially offset by foreign exchange gains on derivatives. The change in fair value of reinsurance assets decreased$4.1 billion primarily driven by the change in the value of the underlying assets mainly related to credit spread widening compared to credit spread tightening in the prior year and an increase inUS Treasury rates compared to a decrease in the prior year. The change in fair value of FIA hedging derivatives decreased$2.7 billion primarily driven by the unfavorable performance of the indices upon which our call options are based. The majority of our call options are based on the S&P 500 index which decreased 16.4% in 2022, compared to an increase of 8.2% in 2021. The$1.1 billion unfavorable change in mortgage loans was primarily due to credit spread widening and an increase inUS Treasury rates in the current year as well as unfavorable foreign exchange impacts. Additionally, at the beginning of the year, and in conjunction with our merger with Apollo, we elected the fair value option on our mortgage loans, while in prior periods they were stated at unpaid principal, adjusted for any unamortized premium or discount, net of an allowance for credit losses. The unfavorable changes in realized gains and losses on AFS securities of$652 million and fair value of trading and equity securities of$501 million were primarily due to credit spread widening compared to credit spread tightening in the prior year, an increase inUS Treasury rates compared to a decrease in prior year and unfavorable economics. The unfavorable change in the provision for credit losses of$174 million was primarily driven by unfavorable economics, including higher allowances on CLO and ABS securities due to credit spread widening, impacts from the conflict betweenRussia andUkraine and exposure toChina's real estate market. The increase in foreign exchange gains on derivatives reflects additional business denominated in foreign currencies and the strengthening of the US dollar in the current quarter. 70
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
Net investment income decreased by$291 million to$1.7 billion in 2022 from$2.0 billion in 2021, primarily driven by the prior year favorable change in the fair value of our investment in Apollo of$472 million , which was distributed to AGM following the merger, less favorable alternative investment performance and lower new money rates throughout 2021. As a result of purchase accounting, the book value of our investment portfolio was marked up to fair value resulting in an adverse impact to our net investment income. These decreases were partially offset by growth in our investment portfolio attributed to strong inflows during the previous twelve months and higher floating rate income related to higher short-term interest rates.
Premiums increased by
2021, driven by higher pension group annuity premiums compared to the prior
year.
Benefits and Expenses
Benefits and expenses increased by$1.0 billion to$5.5 billion in 2022 from$4.4 billion in 2021. The increase was driven by an increase in future policy and other policy benefits and an increase in policy and other operating expenses, partially offset by a decrease in interest sensitive contract benefits and a decrease in DAC, DSI and VOBA amortization. Future policy and other policy benefits increased by$3.7 billion to$5.6 billion in 2022 from$2.0 billion in 2021, primarily attributable to higher pension group annuity obligations, partially offset by a decrease in the change in rider reserves, a decrease in the change in the AmerUs Closed Block fair value liability and higher negative VOBA amortization resulting from purchase accounting. The favorable change in rider reserves of$214 million was primarily driven by the unfavorable change in reinsurance assets. The change in the AmerUs Closed Block fair value liability was primarily due to unrealized losses on the underlying investments, credit spreads widening and an increase inUS Treasury rates. Policy and other operating expenses increased by$106 million to$358 million in 2022 from$252 million in 2021, primarily driven by significant growth in the business and the amortization of newly established intangible assets as a result of the merger. Interest sensitive contract benefits decreased by$2.6 billion to$(621) million in 2022 from$2.0 billion in 2021 primarily driven by a decrease in the change in FIA fair value embedded derivatives of$2.7 billion and higher negative VOBA amortization resulting from purchase accounting, partially offset by growth in the block of business. As a result of purchase accounting, we marked our reserve liabilities to fair value resulting in a favorable impact to our interest sensitive contract benefits. The change in the FIA fair value embedded derivatives was primarily due to the performance of the equity indices to which our FIA policies are linked, primarily the S&P 500 index, which experienced a decrease of 16.4% in 2022, compared to an increase of 8.2% in 2021, as well as the favorable change in discount rates, partially offset by unfavorable economics impacting policyholder projected benefits. DAC, DSI and VOBA amortization decreased by$127 million to$125 million in 2022 from$252 million in 2021, primarily due to the unfavorable changes in investment related gains and losses as a result of an unfavorable change in fair value of reinsurance assets as well as impacts from purchase accounting reflecting the removal of historical DAC and DSI, partially offset by the establishment of a new VOBA asset.
Taxes
Income tax expense (benefit) decreased by$668 million to$(484) million in 2022 from$184 million in 2021. The income tax benefit for 2022 was calculated by applying the 21% US statutory rate to the loss of our US and foreign subsidiaries (net of noncontrolling interests), and was primarily driven by the unfavorable changes in fair value of reinsurance assets and mortgage loans. Our effective tax rate in the second quarter of 2022 was a benefit of 13% compared to an expense of 9% in 2021. The effective tax rate in 2022 was due to the change in fair value of reinsurance assets and mortgage loans subject to tax. Our effective tax rate in 2021 was dependent upon the relationship of income or loss subject to tax compared to the consolidated income or loss before income taxes. Noncontrolling Interests Noncontrolling interests decreased by$1.5 billion to$(1.1) billion in 2022 from$389 million in 2021, primarily due to the unfavorable change in fair value of reinsurance assets as a result of additional unrealized losses within reinsurance investment portfolios.
Six Months Ended
In this section, references to 2022 refer to the six months ended
and references to 2021 refer to the six months ended
Net Income (Loss) Available to AHL Common Shareholder
Net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder decreased by$5.6 billion , or 287%, to$(3.7) billion in 2022 from$2.0 billion in 2021. The decrease in net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder was driven by a$9.3 billion decrease in revenues, partially offset by a$1.8 billion decrease in noncontrolling interests, a$1.1 billion decrease in income tax expense and a$710 million decrease in benefits and expenses. 71
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
Revenues Revenues decreased by$9.3 billion to$1.5 billion in 2022 from$10.8 billion in 2021. The decrease was driven by a decrease in investment related gains and losses and a decrease in net investment income, partially offset by an increase in premiums. Investment related gains and losses decreased by$12.1 billion to$(10.0) billion in 2022 from$2.2 billion in 2021, primarily due to the changes in fair value of reinsurance assets, FIA hedging derivatives, mortgage loans, trading and equity securities, realized losses on AFS securities and an increase in the provision for credit losses, partially offset by foreign exchange gains on derivatives. The change in fair value of reinsurance assets decreased$5.5 billion primarily driven by the change in the value of the underlying assets mainly related to credit spread widening compared to credit spread tightening in the prior year and a larger increase inUS Treasury rates in the current year. The change in fair value of FIA hedging derivatives decreased$4.0 billion primarily driven by the unfavorable performance of the indices upon which our call options are based. The majority of our call options are based on the S&P 500 index which decreased 20.6% in 2022, compared to an increase of 14.4% in 2021. The$1.9 billion unfavorable change in mortgage loans was primarily due to credit spread widening and an increase inUS Treasury rates in the current year as well as unfavorable foreign exchange impacts. Additionally, at the beginning of the year, and in conjunction with our merger with Apollo, we elected the fair value option on our mortgage loans, while in prior periods they were stated at unpaid principal, adjusted for any unamortized premium or discount, net of an allowance for credit losses. The unfavorable changes in realized gains and losses on AFS securities of$889 million and fair value of trading and equity securities of$633 million were primarily due to credit spread widening compared to credit spread tightening in the prior year, a larger increase inUS Treasury rates in the current year and unfavorable economics. The unfavorable change in the provision for credit losses of$424 million was primarily driven by unfavorable economics, including impacts from the conflict betweenRussia andUkraine , exposure toChina's real estate market and higher allowances on CLO and ABS securities due to credit spread widening. The increase in foreign exchange gains on derivatives reflects additional business denominated in foreign currencies and the strengthening of the US dollar during the period. Net investment income decreased by$277 million to$3.4 billion in 2022 from$3.7 billion in 2021, primarily driven by the favorable prior year change in fair value of our investment in Apollo of$414 million , which as distributed to AGM following the merger, less favorable alternative investment performance and lower new money rates throughout 2021. As a result of purchase accounting, the book value of our investment portfolio was marked up to fair value resulting in an adverse impact to our net investment income. These decreases were partially offset by growth in our investment portfolio attributed to strong inflows during the previous twelve months and higher floating rate income related to higher short-term interest rates.
Premiums increased by
2021, driven by higher pension group annuity premiums compared to the prior
year.
Benefits and Expenses
Benefits and expenses decreased by$710 million to$8.0 billion in 2022 from$8.7 billion in 2021. The decrease was driven by a decrease in interest sensitive contract benefits and a decrease in DAC, DSI and VOBA amortization. These decreases were offset by an increase in future policy and other policy benefits and an increase in policy and other operating expenses. Interest sensitive contract benefits decreased by$3.0 billion to$(662) million in 2022 from$2.4 billion in 2021, primarily driven by a decrease in the change in FIA fair value embedded derivatives of$3.3 billion and higher negative VOBA amortization resulting from purchase accounting, partially offset by growth in the block of business. As a result of purchase accounting, we marked our reserve liabilities to fair value resulting in a favorable impact to our interest sensitive contract benefits. The change in the FIA fair value embedded derivatives was primarily due to the performance of the equity indices to which our FIA policies are linked, primarily the S&P 500 index, which experienced a decrease of 20.6% in 2022, compared to an increase of 14.4% in 2021, as well as the favorable change in discount rates, partially offset by unfavorable economics impacting policyholder projected benefits. DAC, DSI and VOBA amortization decreased by$250 million to$250 million in 2022 from$500 million in 2021, primarily due to the unfavorable change in net FIA derivatives as a result of the unfavorable equity market performance as well as impacts from purchase accounting reflecting the removal of historical DAC and DSI, partially offset by the establishment of a new VOBA asset. Future policy and other policy benefits increased by$2.4 billion to$7.7 billion in 2022 from$5.3 billion in 2021, primarily attributable to higher pension group annuity obligations, partially offset by a decrease in the change in rider reserves, a decrease in the change in the AmerUs Closed Block fair value liability and higher negative VOBA amortization resulting from purchase accounting. The favorable change in rider reserves of$498 million was primarily driven by the unfavorable change in reinsurance assets and net FIA derivatives. The change in the AmerUs Closed Block fair value liability was primarily due to unrealized losses on the underlying investments reflecting credit spreads widening and an increase inUS Treasury rates. 72
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
Policy and other operating expenses increased by$148 million to$693 million in 2022 from$545 million in 2021, primarily driven by significant growth in the business and the amortization of newly established intangible assets as a result of the merger, partially offset by the costs incurred in the prior year related to our merger with Apollo. Taxes Income tax (benefit) expense decreased by$1.1 billion to$(891) million in 2022 from$246 million in 2021. The income tax benefit for 2022 was calculated by applying the 21% US statutory rate to the loss of our US and foreign subsidiaries (net of noncontrolling interests), and was primarily driven by the unfavorable changes in fair value of reinsurance assets and mortgage loans. Our effective tax rate in 2022 was a benefit of 14% compared to an expense of 12% in 2021. The effective tax rate in 2022 was due to the change in fair value of reinsurance assets and mortgage loans subject to tax. Our effective tax rate in 2021 was dependent upon the relationship of income or loss subject to tax compared to the consolidated income or loss before income taxes.
Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling interests decreased by$1.8 billion to$2.0 billion in 2022 from$148 million in 2021, primarily due to the unfavorable change in fair value of reinsurance assets as a result of more unrealized losses within reinsurance investment portfolios.
Summary of Non-GAAP Earnings
The following summarizes our spread related earnings:
Successor Predecessor Successor Predecessor Three months ended Three months ended Six months ended Six months ended (In millions) June 30, 2022 June 30, 2021 June 30, 2022 June 30, 2021 Fixed income and other investment income, net $ 1,302 $ 1,395$ 2,509 $ 2,681 Alternative investment income 186 331 634 1,043 Net investment earnings 1,488 1,726 3,143 3,724 Strategic capital management fees 13 8 25 17 Cost of funds (886) (925) (1,712) (1,935) Net investment spread 615 809 1,456 1,806 Other operating expenses (109) (85) (218) (175) Interest and other financing costs (64) (62) (126) (124) Spread related earnings $ 442 $ 662$ 1,112 $ 1,507
Three Months Ended
2021
Spread Related Earnings SRE decreased by$220 million , or 33%, to$442 million in 2022 from$662 million in 2021. The decrease in SRE was driven by lower net investment earnings, partially offset by lower cost of funds. Net investment earnings decreased$238 million primarily driven by unfavorable purchase accounting adjustments, less favorable alternative investment performance compared to prior year, lower new money rates throughout 2021 and prior year early redemptions of two loans, partially offset by$30.0 billion of growth in our average net invested assets and higher floating rate income. Cost of funds were$39 million lower primarily driven by favorable purchase accounting adjustments, actuarial experience and an adjustment to exclude changes in the value of corporate-owned life insurance from SRE, partially offset by growth in the block of business, an unfavorable change in market impacts, an increase in rates on recent funding agreement issuances and pension group annuity transactions and higher rates on existing floating rate funding agreements. 73
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Net Investment Spread Successor Predecessor Three months ended Three months ended June 30, 2022 June 30, 2021 Fixed income and other investment earned rate 2.97 % 3.75 % Alternative investment earned rate 6.38 % 16.73 % Net investment earned rate 3.19 % 4.40 % Strategic capital management fees 0.03 % 0.02 % Cost of funds 1.90 % 2.36 % Net investment spread 1.32 % 2.06 % Net investment spread decreased 74 basis points to 1.32% in 2022 from 2.06% in 2021. Our net investment earned rate was 3.19% in 2022, a decrease from 4.40% in 2021, primarily due to less favorable performance in our alternative investment portfolio compared to prior year as well as lower returns in our fixed and other investment portfolio. Alternative net investment earned rate was 6.38% in 2022, a decrease from 16.73% in 2021, primarily driven by unfavorable economics and the alternative outperformance in the prior year, partially offset by strong real estate and yield fund returns. The prior year outperformance was mainly due to higher Venerable returns attributed to a valuation increase driven by a reinsurance agreement withEquitable Financial Life Insurance Company as well as strong returns on natural resources, credit funds and private equity funds due to favorable economics. Fixed and other net investment earned rate was 2.97% in 2022, a decrease from 3.75% in 2021, primarily driven by unfavorable purchase accounting impacts, lower new money rates throughout 2021 and prior year early redemptions of two loans, partially offset by favorable floating rate income. Cost of funds decreased by 46 basis points to 1.90% in 2022, from 2.36% in 2021, primarily driven by favorable purchase accounting impacts, actuarial experience and an adjustment to exclude changes in the value of corporate-owned life insurance from SRE, partially offset by the unfavorable change in market impacts, higher cost of crediting rates on recent funding agreement issuances and pension group annuity transactions and higher rates on existing floating rate funding agreements.
Adjustments to Net Income (Loss) Available to Athene Holding Ltd. Common
Shareholder
Adjustments to net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder are comprised of investment gains (losses), net of offsets, change in fair value of derivatives and embedded derivatives - FIAs, net of offsets, integration, restructuring and other non-operating expenses and stock compensation expense. The decrease in adjustments to net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder compared to 2021 was primarily driven by the change in investment related gains and losses and the net change in FIA derivatives. Investment related gains and losses, net of offsets were unfavorable$3.7 billion primarily due to the change in fair value of reinsurance assets, the change in fair value of mortgage loan assets, the prior year favorable change in the fair value of our investment in Apollo of$472 million , which was distributed to AGM following the merger, and the change in the provision for credit losses. The unfavorable changes in fair value of reinsurance assets of$2.2 billion and mortgage loans were primarily due to credit spread widening compared to credit spread tightening in the prior year and an increase inUS Treasury rates compared to a decrease in the prior year. Additionally, at the beginning of the year, and in conjunction with our merger with Apollo, we elected the fair value option on our mortgage loans, while in prior periods they were stated at unpaid principal, adjusted for any unamortized premium or discount, net of an allowance for credit losses. The unfavorable change in the provision for credit losses of$147 million (net of noncontrolling interests) was primarily driven by unfavorable economics, including higher allowances on CLO and ABS securities due to credit spread widening, impacts from the conflict betweenRussia andUkraine and exposure toChina's real estate market. Net FIA derivatives were unfavorable$313 million primarily due to unfavorable performance of the equity indices to which our FIA policies are linked, primarily the S&P 500 index, which experienced a decrease of 16.4% in 2022, compared to an increase of 8.2% in 2021, as well as unfavorable economics impacting policyholder projected benefits, partially offset by the favorable change in discount rates.
Six Months Ended
Spread Related Earnings
SRE decreased by$395 million , or 26%, to$1.1 billion in 2022 from$1.5 billion in 2021. The decrease in SRE was driven by lower net investment earnings, partially offset by lower cost of funds. Net investment earnings decreased$581 million primarily driven by less favorable alternative investment performance compared to prior year, unfavorable purchase accounting adjustments, lower new money rates throughout 2021 and the prior year early redemptions of two loans, partially offset by$29.9 billion of growth in our average net invested assets and higher floating rate income. Cost of funds were$223 million lower primarily driven by favorable purchase accounting adjustments and actuarial experience, partially offset by growth in the block of business and an unfavorable change in market impacts. 74
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Net Investment Spread Successor Predecessor Six months ended Six months ended June 30, 2022 June 30, 2021 Fixed income and other investment earned rate 2.90 % 3.66 % Alternative investment earned rate 11.39 % 27.67 % Net investment earned rate 3.42 % 4.83 % Strategic capital management fees 0.03 % 0.02 % Cost of funds 1.86 % 2.51 % Net investment spread 1.59 % 2.34 % Net investment spread decreased 75 basis points to 1.59% in 2022 from 2.34% in 2021. Our net investment earned rate was 3.42% in 2022, a decrease from 4.83% in 2021, primarily due to less favorable performance in our alternative investment portfolio compared to prior year as well as lower returns in our fixed and other investment portfolio. Alternative net investment earned rate was 11.39% in 2022, a decrease from 27.67% in 2021, primarily driven by significant outperformance in the prior year, partially offset by strong real estate returns and a higherAthora return in the current year. The prior year outperformance was mainly due to a higher return onAmeriHome Mortgage Company, LLC (AmeriHome) related to a valuation increase resulting from the eventual sale in the second quarter of 2021 and higher Venerable returns attributed to a valuation increase driven by a reinsurance agreement withEquitable Financial Life Insurance Company . Fixed and other net investment earned rate was 2.90% in 2022, a decrease from 3.66% in 2021, primarily driven by unfavorable purchase accounting impacts, lower new money rates throughout 2021 and the prior year early redemptions of two loans, partially offset by favorable floating rate income.
Cost of funds decreased by 65 basis points to 1.86% in 2022, from 2.51% in 2021,
primarily driven by favorable purchase accounting impacts and actuarial
experience, partially offset by an unfavorable change in market impacts.
Adjustments to Net Income (Loss) Available to Athene Holding Ltd. Common
Shareholder
The decrease in adjustments to net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder compared to 2021 was primarily driven by the change in investment related gains and losses and the net change in FIA derivatives. Investment related gains and losses, net of offsets were unfavorable$5.5 billion primarily due to the change in fair value of reinsurance assets, the change in fair value of mortgage loan assets, the prior year favorable change in the fair value of our investment in Apollo of$414 million , which was distributed to AGM following the merger, the change in the provision for credit losses and realized losses on the sale of AFS securities related to unfavorable economics in the current period. The change in fair value of reinsurance assets was unfavorable$3.0 billion primarily due to credit spread widening compared to credit spread tightening in the prior year. The unfavorable change in mortgage loans was primarily due to credit spread widening compared to credit spread tightening in the prior year and an increase inUS Treasury rates in the current year. Additionally, at the beginning of the year, and in conjunction with our merger with Apollo, we elected the fair value option on our mortgage loans, while in prior periods they were stated at unpaid principal, adjusted for any unamortized premium or discount, net of an allowance for credit losses. The unfavorable change in the provision for credit losses of$323 million (net of noncontrolling interests) was primarily driven by unfavorable economics, including impacts from the conflict betweenRussia andUkraine , exposure toChina's real estate market and higher allowances on CLO and ABS securities due to credit spread widening. Net FIA derivatives were unfavorable$882 million primarily due to the unfavorable performance of the equity indices to which our FIA policies are linked, primarily the S&P 500 index, which experienced a decrease of 20.6% in 2022, compared to an increase of 14.4% in 2021, as well as unfavorable economics impacting the policyholder projected benefits, partially offset by the change in discount rates. Investment Portfolio We had consolidated investments, including related parties and VIEs, of$198.6 billion and$212.5 billion as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , respectively. Our investment strategy seeks to achieve sustainable risk-adjusted returns through the disciplined management of our investment portfolio against our long-duration liabilities, coupled with the diversification of risk. The investment strategies utilized by our investment manager focuses primarily on a buy and hold asset allocation strategy that may be adjusted periodically in response to changing market conditions and the nature of our liability profile. Substantially all of our investment portfolio is managed by Apollo, which provides a full suite of services, including direct investment management, asset allocation, mergers and acquisition asset diligence, and certain operational support services, including investment compliance, tax, legal and risk management support. Our relationship with Apollo allows us to take advantage of our generally illiquid liability profile by identifying investment opportunities with an emphasis on earning incremental yield by taking liquidity and complexity risk rather than assuming solely credit risk. Apollo's investment team and credit portfolio managers utilize their deep experience to assist us in sourcing and underwriting complex asset classes. Apollo has selected a diverse array of corporate bonds and more structured, but highly rated asset classes. We also maintain holdings in floating rate and less rate-sensitive instruments, including CLOs, non-agency RMBS and various types of structured products. In addition to our fixed income portfolio, we opportunistically allocate approximately 5%-6% of our portfolio to alternative investments where we primarily focus on fixed income-like, cash flow-based investments. 75
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
Net investment income on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss) included management fees under our investment management arrangements with Apollo. We incurred management fees, inclusive of base and sub-allocation fees, of$182 million and$140 million , respectively, during the three months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021, and$368 million and$284 million , respectively, during the six months endedJune 30, 2022 , and 2021. The total amounts we incurred, directly and indirectly, from Apollo and its affiliates were$248 million , and$222 million , respectively, for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021, and$548 million and$463 million , respectively, for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 , and 2021. Such amounts include (1) fees associated with investment management agreements, which exclude sub-advisory fees paid to ISG for the benefit of third-party sub-advisors but include fees charged by Apollo to third-party cedants with respect to assets supporting obligations reinsured to us (such fees directly reduce the settlement payments that we receive from the third-party cedant and, as such, we, as beneficiaries of the services performed, indirectly pay such fees), (2) fees associated with fund investments (including those fund investments held byAAA ), which include total management fees, carried interest (including unrealized but accrued carried interest fees) and other fees on Apollo-managed funds and our other alternative investments and (3) other fees resulting from shared services, advisory and other agreements with Apollo or its affiliates; net of fees incurred directly and indirectly attributable to ACRA, based upon the economic ownership of the noncontrolling interest in ACRA. Our net invested assets, which are those that directly back our net reserve liabilities as well as surplus assets, were$189.3 billion and$175.3 billion as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , respectively. Apollo's knowledge of our funding structure and regulatory requirements allows it to design customized strategies and investments for our portfolio. Apollo manages our asset portfolio within the limits and constraints set forth in our Investment and Credit Risk Policy. Under this policy, we set limits on investments in our portfolio by asset class, such as corporate bonds, emerging markets securities, municipal bonds, non-agency RMBS, CMBS, CLOs, commercial mortgage whole loans and mezzanine loans and investment funds. We also set credit risk limits for exposure to a single issuer that vary based on the issuer's ratings. In addition, our investment portfolio is constrained by its scenario-based capital ratio limit and its stressed liquidity limit.
The following table presents the carrying values of our total investments
including related party and VIEs:
Successor Predecessor June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Carrying Value Percent of Carrying Value Percent of (In millions, except percentages) Total Total AFS securities, at fair value$ 92,011 46.3 % $ 100,159 47.1 % Trading securities, at fair value 1,735 0.9 % 2,056 1.0 % Equity securities 1,508 0.7 % 1,170 0.5 % Mortgage loans 25,218 12.7 % 20,748 9.8 % Investment funds 133 0.1 % 1,178 0.6 % Policy loans 358 0.2 % 312 0.1 % Funds withheld at interest 37,638 19.0 % 43,907 20.7 % Derivative assets 2,932 1.5 % 4,387 2.1 % Short-term investments 264 0.1 % 139 0.1 % Other investments 855 0.4 % 1,473 0.7 % Total investments 162,652 81.9 % 175,529 82.7 % Investments in related parties AFS securities, at fair value 8,955 4.5 % 10,402 4.9 % Trading securities, at fair value 898 0.4 % 1,781 0.8 % Equity securities, at fair value 163 0.1 % 284 0.1 % Mortgage loans 1,416 0.7 % 1,360 0.6 % Investment funds 1,538 0.8 % 7,391 3.5 % Funds withheld at interest 10,675 5.4 % 12,207 5.7 % Other investments 272 0.1 % 222 0.1 % Total related party investments 23,917 12.0 % 33,647 15.7 % Total investments including related party 186,569 93.9 % 209,176 98.4 % Investments owned by consolidated VIEs Trading securities, at fair value 386 0.2 % - - % Mortgage loans 1,992 1.0 % 2,040 1.0 % Investment funds 9,494 4.8 % 1,297 0.6 % Other investments 111 0.1 % - - % Total investments owned by consolidated VIEs 11,983 6.1 % 3,337 1.6 % Total investments including related party and VIEs$ 198,552 100.0 % $ 212,513 100.0 % 76
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
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The decrease in our total investments, including related party and VIEs, as ofJune 30, 2022 of$14.0 billion compared toDecember 31, 2021 was primarily driven by unrealized losses on AFS securities in the six months endedJune 30, 2022 of$14.4 billion , unrealized losses within our funds withheld portfolio, the distribution of our$2.1 billion investment in Apollo to AGM following the merger, a decrease in the change in fair value of mortgage loan assets of$1.9 billion attributed to an increase inUS Treasury rates and credit spread widening and a decrease in equity securities and derivative assets related to unfavorable economics. This was partially offset by growth from gross organic inflows of$23.6 billion in excess of gross liability outflows of$9.8 billion as well as an increase in investments from the consolidation of additional VIEs in conjunction with our merger with Apollo.
Our investment portfolio consists largely of high quality fixed maturity
securities, loans and short-term investments, as well as additional
opportunistic holdings in investment funds and other instruments, including
equity holdings. Fixed maturity securities and loans include publicly issued
corporate bonds, government and other sovereign bonds, privately placed
corporate bonds and loans, mortgage loans, CMBS, RMBS, CLOs and ABS.
While the substantial majority of our investment portfolio has been allocated to corporate bonds and structured credit products, a key component of our investment strategy is the opportunistic acquisition of investment funds with attractive risk and return profiles. Our investment fund portfolio consists of funds that employ various strategies including real estate and other real asset funds, credit funds and private equity funds. We have a strong preference for assets that have some or all of the following characteristics, among others: (1) investments that constitute a direct investment or an investment in a fund with a high degree of co-investment; (2) investments with credit- or debt-like characteristics (for example, a stipulated maturity and par value), or alternatively, investments with reduced volatility when compared to pure equity; or (3) investments that we believe have less downside risk. We hold derivatives for economic hedging purposes to reduce our exposure to the cash flow variability of assets and liabilities, equity market risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and foreign exchange risk. Our primary use of derivative instruments relates to providing the income needed to fund the annual indexed credits on our FIA products. We primarily use fixed indexed options to economically hedge index annuity products that guarantee the return of principal to the policyholder and credit interest based on a percentage of the gain in a specific market index. With respect to derivative positions, we transact with highly rated counterparties, and expect the counterparties to fulfill their obligations under the contracts. We generally use industry standard agreements and annexes with bilateral collateral provisions to further reduce counterparty credit exposure.
Related Party Investments
We hold investments in related party assets primarily comprised of AFS securities, trading securities, investment funds and funds withheld at interest reinsurance receivables which are primarily a result of investments over which Apollo can exercise influence. As ofJune 30, 2022 , these investments totaled$33.2 billion , or 14.2% of our total assets. Related party AFS and trading securities primarily consist of structured securities for which Apollo is the manager of the underlying securitization vehicle and securities issued by Apollo direct origination platforms including Wheels Donlen andMidCap Financial . In each case, the underlying collateral, borrower or other credit party is generally unaffiliated with us. Related party investment funds include strategic investments in direct origination platforms and insurance companies and investments in Apollo managed funds. The funds withheld at interest related party amounts are primarily comprised of the Venerable reinsurance portfolios, which are considered related party even though a significant majority of the underlying assets within the investment portfolios do not have a related party affiliation. A summary of our related party investments reflecting the nature of the affiliation is as follows: Successor Predecessor June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Percent of Percent of (In millions, except percentages) Carrying Value Total Assets Carrying Value Total Assets Venerable funds withheld reinsurance portfolio$ 10,675 4.6 % $ 12,207 5.2 % Securitizations of unaffiliated assets where Apollo is manager 8,704 3.7 % 9,495 4.0 % Investments in Apollo funds 9,081 3.9 % 3,785 1.6 % Strategic investments in Apollo direct origination platforms 2,636 1.1 % 5,704 2.4 % Strategic investment in Apollo - - % 2,112 0.9 % Strategic investments in insurance companies 2,099 0.9 % 1,626 0.7 % Other 16 - % 17 - % Total related party investments$ 33,211 14.2 % $ 34,946 14.8 % 77
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
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As ofJune 30, 2022 , a$10.7 billion funds withheld reinsurance asset with Venerable was included in our GAAP related party assets. Venerable is a related party due to our minority equity investment in its holding company's parent,VA Capital . For GAAP, each funds withheld and modified coinsurance reinsurance portfolio is treated as one asset rather than reporting the underlying investments in the portfolio. For our non-GAAP measure of net invested assets, we provide visibility into the underlying assets within these reinsurance portfolios. The below table looks through to the underlying assets within our reinsurance portfolios to determine the related party status. As ofJune 30, 2022 ,$26.5 billion , or 14.1% of our total net invested assets were related party investments. Of these, approximately$11.8 billion , or 6.3% of our net invested assets were structured securities for which Apollo or an affiliated direct origination platform was the manager of the underlying securitization vehicle, but the underlying collateral, borrower or other credit party is generally unaffiliated with us. Related party investments in strategic affiliated companies or Apollo funds represented$14.7 billion , or 7.8% of our net invested assets. A summary of our related party net invested assets reflecting the nature of the affiliation is as follows: Successor Predecessor June 30, 2022 December 31, 20211 Net Invested Percent of Net Net Invested Percent of Net (In millions, except percentages) Asset Value Invested Assets Asset Value Invested Assets Securitizations of unaffiliated assets where Apollo is manager$ 11,850 6.3 %$ 13,736 7.8 % Investments in Apollo funds 9,223 4.9 % 3,802 2.2 % Strategic investments in Apollo direct origination platforms 3,360 1.8 % 6,074 3.5 % Strategic investment in Apollo - - % 2,112 1.2 % Strategic investments in insurance companies 2,099 1.1 % 1,626 0.9 % Other 16 - % 17 - % Total related party investments$ 26,548 14.1 %$ 27,367 15.6 %
1 Prior year related party net invested asset values have been revised.
We invest in AFS securities and attempt to source investments that match our future cash flow needs. However, we may sell any of our investments in advance of maturity to timely satisfy our liabilities as they become due or in order to respond to a change in the credit profile or other characteristics of the particular investment. AFS securities are carried at fair value, less allowances for expected credit losses, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Changes in fair value of our AFS securities, net of related DAC and DSI amortization and the change in rider reserves, are charged or credited to other comprehensive income, net of tax. All changes in the allowance for expected credit losses, whether due to passage of time, change in expected cash flows, or change in fair value are recorded through credit loss expense within investment related gains (losses) on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). 78
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The distribution of our AFS securities, including related party, by type is as follows: Successor June 30, 2022 Allowance for Unrealized Percent of
(In millions, except percentages) Amortized Cost Credit Losses Unrealized Gains
Losses Fair Value Total AFS securities US government and agencies $ 3,277 $ - $ 1$ (484) $ 2,794 2.8 % US state, municipal and political subdivisions 1,209 - - (209) 1,000 1.0 % Foreign governments 1,199 (61) 4 (246) 896 0.9 % Corporate 67,584 (70) 45 (11,341) 56,218 55.6 % CLO 14,783 (107) 2 (1,193) 13,485 13.3 % ABS 10,095 (14) 8 (542) 9,547 9.5 % CMBS 3,181 (9) 16 (284) 2,904 2.9 % RMBS 5,879 (348) 3 (367) 5,167 5.1 % Total AFS securities 107,207 (609) 79 (14,666) 92,011 91.1 % AFS securities - related party Corporate 1,043 - 2 (38) 1,007 1.0 % CLO 2,945 (19) 1 (248) 2,679 2.7 % ABS 5,441 (1) 1 (172) 5,269 5.2 % Total AFS securities - related party 9,429 (20) 4 (458) 8,955 8.9 % Total AFS securities including related party$ 116,636 $ (629) $ 83$ (15,124) $ 100,966 100.0 % Predecessor December 31, 2021 Amortized Cost Allowance for Unrealized Gains Unrealized Fair Value Percent of (In millions, except percentages) Credit Losses Losses Total AFS securities US government and agencies $ 231 $ - $ 2$ (10) $ 223 0.2 % US state, municipal and political subdivisions 1,081 - 134 (2) 1,213 1.1 % Foreign governments 1,110 - 35 (17) 1,128 1.0 % Corporate 62,817 - 4,060 (651) 66,226 59.9 % CLO 13,793 - 44 (185) 13,652 12.4 % ABS 8,890 (17) 151 (35) 8,989 8.1 % CMBS 2,764 (3) 56 (59) 2,758 2.5 % RMBS 5,772 (103) 326 (25) 5,970 5.4 % Total AFS securities 96,458 (123) 4,808 (984) 100,159 90.6 % AFS securities - related party Corporate 842 - 19 (2) 859 0.8 % CLO 2,573 - 5 (29) 2,549 2.3 % ABS 6,986 - 61 (53) 6,994 6.3 % Total AFS securities - related party 10,401 - 85 (84) 10,402 9.4 % Total AFS securities including related party$ 106,859 $ (123) $ 4,893$ (1,068) $ 110,561 100.0 % 79
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
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We maintain a diversified AFS portfolio of corporate fixed maturity securities across industries and issuers, and a diversified portfolio of structured securities. The composition of our AFS securities, including related parties, is as follows: Successor Predecessor June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Fair Value Percent of Fair Value Percent of (In millions, except percentages) Total Total Corporate Industrial other1$ 20,899 20.7 % $ 23,882 21.6 % Financial 18,003 17.8 % 21,537 19.5 % Utilities 11,823 11.7 % 14,290 12.9 % Communication 2,725 2.7 % 3,492 3.2 % Transportation 3,775 3.7 % 3,884 3.5 % Total corporate 57,225 56.6 % 67,085 60.7 % Other government-related securities US state, municipal and political subdivisions 1,000 1.0 % 1,213 1.1 % Foreign governments 896 0.9 % 1,128 1.0 % US government and agencies 2,794 2.8 % 223 0.2 % Total non-structured securities 61,915 61.3 % 69,649 63.0 % Structured securities CLO 16,164 16.0 % 16,201 14.7 % ABS 14,816 14.7 % 15,983 14.4 % CMBS 2,904 2.9 % 2,758 2.5 % RMBS Agency 14 - % 23 - % Non-agency 5,153 5.1 % 5,947 5.4 % Total structured securities 39,051 38.7 % 40,912 37.0 % Total AFS securities including related party$ 100,966 100.0 % $ 110,561 100.0 %
1 Includes securities within various industry segments including capital goods, basic industry, consumer cyclical, consumer non-cyclical,
industrial and technology.
The fair value of our AFS securities, including related parties, was$101.0 billion and$110.6 billion as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , respectively. The decrease was mainly driven by unrealized losses on AFS securities in the six months endedJune 30, 2022 of$14.4 billion attributed to an increase inUS Treasury rates and credit spread widening, partially offset by growth from organic inflows in excess of liability outflows. The Securities Valuation Office (SVO) of the NAIC is responsible for the credit quality assessment and valuation of securities owned by state regulated insurance companies. Insurance companies report ownership of securities to the SVO when such securities are eligible for filing on the relevant schedule of the NAIC Financial Statement. The SVO conducts credit analysis on these securities for the purpose of assigning an NAIC designation and/or unit price. Generally, the process for assigning an NAIC designation varies based upon whether a security is considered "filing exempt" (General Designation Process). Subject to certain exceptions, a security is typically considered "filing exempt" if it has been rated by aNationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (NRSRO). For securities that are not "filing exempt," insurance companies assign temporary designations based upon a subjective evaluation of credit quality. The insurance company generally must then submit the securities to the SVO within 120 days of acquisition to receive an NAIC designation. For securities considered "filing exempt," the SVO utilizes the NRSRO rating and assigns an NAIC designation based upon the following system: NAIC designation NRSRO equivalent rating 1A-G AAA /AA/A 2 A-C BBB 3 A-C BB 4 A-C B 5 A-C CCC 6 CC and lower 80
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An important exception to the General Designation Process occurs in the case of certain loan-backed and structured securities (LBaSS). The NRSRO ratings methodology is focused on the likelihood of recovery of all contractual payments, including principal at par, regardless of an investor's carrying value. In effect, the NRSRO rating assumes that the holder is the original purchaser at par. In contrast, the SVO's LBaSS methodology is focused on determining the risk associated with the recovery of the amortized cost of each security. Because the NAIC's methodology explicitly considers amortized cost and the likelihood of recovery of such amount, we view the NAIC's methodology as the most appropriate means of evaluating the credit quality of our fixed maturity portfolio since a large portion of our holdings were purchased and are carried at significant discounts to par. The SVO has developed a designation process and provides instruction on modeled LBaSS. For modeled LBaSS, the process is specific to the non-agency RMBS and CMBS asset classes. In order to establish ratings at the individual security level, the SVO obtains loan-level analysis of each RMBS and CMBS using a selected vendor's proprietary financial model. The SVO ensures that the vendor has extensive internal quality-control processes in place and the SVO conducts its own quality-control checks of the selected vendor's valuation process. The SVO has retained the services of Blackrock, Inc. (Blackrock) to model non-agency RMBS and CMBS owned by US insurers for all years presented herein. Blackrock provides five prices (breakpoints), based on each US insurer's statutory book value price, to utilize in determining the NAIC designation for each modeled LBaSS. The NAIC designation determines the associated level of risk-based capital that an insurer is required to hold for all securities owned by the insurer. In general, under the modeled LBaSS process, the larger the discount to par value at the time of determination, the higher the NAIC designation the LBaSS will have. A summary of our AFS securities, including related parties, by NAIC designation is as follows: Successor Predecessor June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Amortized Cost Fair Value Percent of Amortized Cost Fair Value Percent of (In millions, except percentages) Total Total NAIC designation 1 A-G$ 58,226 $ 50,906 50.4 %$ 49,639 $ 51,514 46.6 % 2 A-C 53,190 45,525 45.1 % 51,587 53,398 48.3 % Total investment grade 111,416 96,431 95.5 % 101,226 104,912 94.9 % 3 A-C 3,806 3,373 3.3 % 4,199 4,247 3.8 % 4 A-C 988 873 0.9 % 1,113 1,100 1.0 % 5 A-C 52 46 0.1 % 94 88 0.1 % 6 374 243 0.2 % 227 214 0.2 % Total below investment grade 5,220 4,535 4.5 % 5,633 5,649 5.1 % Total AFS securities including related party$ 116,636 $ 100,966 100.0 %$ 106,859 $ 110,561 100.0 %
A significant majority of our AFS portfolio, 95.5% and 94.9% as of
and
investment grade with an NAIC designation of 1 or 2.
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A summary of our AFS securities, including related parties, by NRSRO ratings is set forth below: Successor Predecessor June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Fair Value Percent of Fair Value Percent of (In millions, except percentages) Total Total NRSRO rating agency designation AAA/AA/A$ 44,391 44.0 % $ 44,501 40.2 % BBB 40,942 40.5 % 47,636 43.1 % Non-rated1 9,353 9.3 % 10,754 9.7 % Total investment grade 94,686 93.8 % 102,891 93.0 % BB 3,005 3.0 % 3,713 3.4 % B 742 0.7 % 946 0.9 % CCC 1,119 1.1 % 1,356 1.2 % CC and lower 640 0.6 % 755 0.7 % Non-rated1 774 0.8 % 900 0.8 % Total below investment grade 6,280 6.2 % 7,670 7.0 %
Total AFS securities including related party
100.0 % $ 110,561 100.0 %
1 Securities denoted as non-rated by the NRSRO were classified as investment or non-investment grade according to the security's respective NAIC
designation. With respect to modeled LBaSS, the NAIC designation methodology differs in significant respects from the NRSRO rating methodology.
Consistent with the NAIC Process and Procedures Manual, an NRSRO rating was assigned based on the following criteria: (a) the equivalent S&P rating when the security is rated by one NRSRO; (b) the equivalent S&P rating of the lowest NRSRO when the security is rated by two NRSROs; and (c) the equivalent S&P rating of the second lowest NRSRO when the security is rated by three or more NRSROs. If the lowest two NRSRO ratings are equal, then such rating will be the assigned rating. NRSRO ratings available for the periods presented were S&P, Fitch, Moody's Investor Service, DBRS, andKroll Bond Rating Agency, Inc. The portion of our AFS portfolio that was considered below investment grade based on NRSRO ratings was 6.2% and 7.0% as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , respectively. The primary driver of the difference in the percentage of securities considered below investment grade by NRSRO as compared to the securities considered below investment grade by the NAIC is the difference in methodologies between the NRSRO and NAIC for RMBS due to investments acquired and/or carried at a discount to par value, as discussed above. As ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , non-rated securities were comprised of 86% and 73%, respectively, of corporate private placement securities for which we have not sought individual ratings from an NRSRO, and 17% for each ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , of RMBS, many of which were acquired at a significant discount to par. We rely on internal analysis and designations assigned by the NAIC to evaluate the credit risk of our portfolio. As of each ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , 92% of the non-rated securities were designated NAIC 1 or 2. Asset-backed Securities - We invest in ABS which are securitized by pools of assets such as consumer loans, automobile loans, student loans, insurance-linked securities, operating cash flows of corporations and cash flows from various types of business equipment. Our ABS holdings were$14.8 billion and$16.0 billion as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , respectively. 82
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A summary of our ABS portfolio, including related parties, by NAIC designations
and NRSRO quality ratings is as follows:
Successor Predecessor June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Fair Value Percent of Fair Value Percent of (In millions, except percentages) Total Total NAIC designation 1 A-G$ 8,255 55.7 % $ 8,089 50.6 % 2 A-C 5,762 38.9 % 7,047 44.1 % Total investment grade 14,017 94.6 % 15,136 94.7 % 3 A-C 602 4.1 % 643 4.0 % 4 A-C 184 1.2 % 200 1.3 % 5 A-C 4 - % 4 - % 6 9 0.1 % - - % Total below investment grade 799 5.4 % 847 5.3 % Total AFS ABS including related party$ 14,816 100.0 % $ 15,983 100.0 % NRSRO rating agency designation AAA/AA/A$ 8,221 55.5 % $ 7,892 49.4 % BBB 5,749 38.8 % 6,975 43.5 % Non-rated 47 0.3 % 232 1.5 % Total investment grade 14,017 94.6 % 15,099 94.4 % BB 602 4.1 % 680 4.3 % B 192 1.3 % 200 1.3 % CCC 5 - % 4 - % CC and lower - - % - - % Non-rated - - % - - % Total below investment grade 799 5.4 % 884 5.6 % Total AFS ABS including related party$ 14,816 100.0 % $ 15,983 100.0 % As ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , a substantial majority of our AFS ABS portfolio, 94.6% and 94.7%, respectively, was invested in assets considered to be investment grade based upon application of the NAIC's methodology while 94.6% and 94.4%, respectively, of securities were considered investment grade based on NRSRO ratings. The decrease in our ABS portfolio was primarily driven by unrealized losses due to an increase inUS Treasury rates and credit spread widening. 83
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Collateralized Loan Obligations - We also invest in CLOs which pay principal and
interest from cash flows received from underlying corporate loans. These
holdings were
A summary of our AFS CLO portfolio, including related parties, by NAIC
designations and NRSRO quality ratings is as follows:
Successor Predecessor June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Fair Value Percent of Fair Value Percent of (In millions, except percentages) Total Total NAIC designation 1 A-G$ 9,920 61.4 % $ 9,957 61.5 % 2 A-C 6,105 37.8 % 6,096 37.6 % Total investment grade 16,025 99.2 % 16,053 99.1 % 3 A-C 121 0.7 % 124 0.8 % 4 A-C 18 0.1 % 24 0.1 % 5 A-C - - % - - % 6 - - % - - % Total below investment grade 139 0.8 % 148 0.9 % Total AFS CLO including related party$ 16,164 100.0 % $ 16,201 100.0 % NRSRO rating agency designation AAA/AA/A$ 9,904 61.3 % $ 9,943 61.4 % BBB 6,052 37.5 % 6,101 37.6 % Non-rated 72 0.4 % - - % Total investment grade 16,028 99.2 % 16,044 99.0 % BB 118 0.7 % 130 0.8 % B 18 0.1 % 27 0.2 % CCC - - % - - % CC and lower - - % - - % Non-rated - - % - - % Total below investment grade 136 0.8 % 157 1.0 % Total AFS CLO including related party$ 16,164 100.0 % $ 16,201 100.0 % As ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , 99.2% and 99.1% respectively, of our AFS CLO portfolio was invested in assets considered to be investment grade based upon application of the NAIC's methodology.Commercial Mortgage-backed Securities - A portion of our AFS portfolio is invested in CMBS. CMBS are constructed from pools of commercial mortgages. These holdings were$2.9 billion and$2.8 billion as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , respectively. As ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , our CMBS portfolio included$2.3 billion (78% of the total) and$2.0 billion (74% of the total), respectively, of securities that are considered investment grade based on NAIC designations, while$2.3 billion (78% of the total) and$2.1 billion (75% of the total), respectively, of securities were considered investment grade based on NRSRO ratings. 84
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Residential Mortgage-backed Securities - A portion of our AFS portfolio is invested in RMBS, which are securities constructed from pools of residential mortgages. These holdings were$5.2 billion and$6.0 billion as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , respectively. A summary of our AFS RMBS portfolio by NAIC designations and NRSRO quality ratings is as follows: Successor Predecessor June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Fair Value Percent of Fair Value Percent of (In millions, except percentages) Total Total NAIC designation 1 A-G$ 4,458 86.3 % $ 5,097 85.4 % 2 A-C 288 5.6 % 331 5.5 % Total investment grade 4,746 91.9 % 5,428 90.9 % 3 A-C 268 5.2 % 327 5.5 % 4 A-C 136 2.6 % 172 2.9 % 5 A-C 16 0.3 % 29 0.5 % 6 1 - % 14 0.2 % Total below investment grade 421 8.1 % 542 9.1 % Total AFS RMBS$ 5,167 100.0 % $ 5,970 100.0 % NRSRO rating agency designation AAA/AA/A$ 1,191 23.1 % $ 1,110 18.6 % BBB 388 7.5 % 522 8.7 % Non-rated1 1,452 28.1 % 1,648 27.6 % Total investment grade 3,031 58.7 % 3,280 54.9 % BB 87 1.7 % 184 3.1 % B 120 2.3 % 193 3.2 % CCC 1,062 20.5 % 1,281 21.5 % CC and lower 623 12.1 % 733 12.3 % Non-rated1 244 4.7 % 299 5.0 % Total below investment grade 2,136 41.3 % 2,690 45.1 % Total AFS RMBS$ 5,167 100.0 % $ 5,970 100.0 %
1 Securities denoted as non-rated by the NRSRO were classified as investment or non-investment grade according to the security's
respective NAIC designations. The NAIC designation methodology differs in significant respects from the NRSRO rating methodology.
A significant majority of our RMBS portfolio, 91.9% and 90.9% as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , respectively, was invested in assets considered to be investment grade based upon an application of the NAIC designations. The NAIC's methodology with respect to RMBS gives explicit effect to the amortized cost at which an insurance company carries each such investment. Because we invested in RMBS after the stresses related to US housing had caused significant downward pressure on prices of RMBS, we carry most of our investments in RMBS at significant discounts to par value, which results in an investment grade NAIC designation. In contrast, our understanding is that in setting ratings, NRSROs focus on the likelihood of recovering all contractual payments including principal at par value. As a result of a fundamental difference in approach, as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , NRSRO characterized 58.7% and 54.9%, respectively, of our RMBS portfolio as investment grade.
Unrealized Losses
Our investments in AFS securities, including related parties, are reported at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in other comprehensive income. Certain of our AFS securities, including related parties, have experienced declines in fair value that we consider temporary in nature. These investments are held to support our product liabilities, and we currently have the intent and ability to hold these securities until recovery of the amortized cost basis prior to sale or maturity. As ofJune 30, 2022 , our AFS securities, including related party, had a fair value of$101.0 billion , which was 13.4% below amortized cost of$116.6 billion . As ofDecember 31, 2021 , our AFS securities, including related party, had a fair value of$110.6 billion , which was 3.5% above amortized cost of$106.9 billion . Our fair value of AFS securities as ofJune 30, 2022 was below amortized cost as the investment portfolio was marked to fair value onJanuary 1, 2022 in conjunction with purchase accounting with subsequent losses driven by the increase inUS Treasury rates and credit spread widening experienced in the current year. 85
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The following tables reflect the unrealized losses on the AFS portfolio,
including related party, for which an allowance for credit losses has not been
recorded, by NAIC designations:
Successor June 30, 2022 Amortized Cost of Gross Fair Value of AFS Fair Value to Fair Value of Gross Unrealized AFS Securities Unrealized Securities with Amortized Cost Total AFS Losses to Total (In millions, except with Unrealized Losses Unrealized Loss Ratio Securities AFS Fair Value percentages) Loss NAIC designation 1 A-G$ 51,860 $ (6,871) $ 44,989 86.8 %$ 50,906 (13.5) % 2 A-C 49,913 (7,501) 42,412 85.0 % 45,525 (16.5) % Total investment grade 101,773 (14,372) 87,401 85.9 % 96,431 (14.9) % 3 A-C 3,300 (386) 2,914 88.3 % 3,373 (11.4) % 4 A-C 713 (83) 630 88.4 % 873 (9.5) % 5 A-C 46 (6) 40 87.0 % 46 (13.0) % 6 28 (5) 23 82.1 % 243 (2.1) % Total below investment grade 4,087 (480) 3,607 88.3 % 4,535 (10.6) % Total$ 105,860 $ (14,852) $ 91,008 86.0 %$ 100,966 (14.7) % Predecessor December 31, 2021 Amortized Cost of Gross Unrealized Fair Value of AFS Fair Value to Fair Value of Gross Unrealized (In millions, except AFS Securities with Losses Securities with Amortized Cost Total AFS Losses to Total percentages) Unrealized Loss Unrealized Loss Ratio Securities AFS Fair Value NAIC designation 1 A-G $ 19,369$ (338) $ 19,031 98.3 %$ 51,514 (0.7) % 2 A-C 20,849 (475) 20,374 97.7 % 53,398 (0.9) % Total investment grade 40,218 (813) 39,405 98.0 % 104,912 (0.8) % 3 A-C 1,494 (82) 1,412 94.5 % 4,247 (1.9) % 4 A-C 410 (26) 384 93.7 % 1,100 (2.4) % 5 A-C 41 (6) 35 85.4 % 88 (6.8) % 6 61 (14) 47 77.0 % 214 (6.5) % Total below investment grade 2,006 (128) 1,878 93.6 % 5,649 (2.3) % Total $ 42,224$ (941) $ 41,283 97.8 %$ 110,561 (0.9) % The gross unrealized losses on AFS securities, including related party, were$14.9 billion and$941 million as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , respectively. The increase in unrealized losses on AFS securities was driven by the increase inUS Treasury rates and credit spread widening experienced in the current year. As ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , we held$6.0 billion and$7.4 billion , respectively, in energy sector fixed maturity securities, or 6% and 7%, respectively, of the total fixed maturity securities, including related party. The gross unrealized capital losses on these securities were$1.1 billion and$35 million , or 7% and 4% of the total unrealized losses, respectively. The increase in unrealized losses on energy sector fixed maturity securities was primarily attributed to an increase inUS Treasury rates and credit spread widening.
Provision for Credit Losses
For our credit loss accounting policies and the assumptions used in the
allowances, see Note 1 - Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant
Accounting Policies and Note 3 - Investments to the condensed consolidated
financial statements, as well as Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments in
this Item 2.
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As ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , we held an allowance for credit losses on AFS securities of$629 million and$123 million , respectively. During the six months endedJune 30, 2022 , we recorded a change in provision for credit losses on AFS securities of$318 million , of which$339 million had an income statement impact and$(21) million related to PCD securities. The increase in the allowance for credit losses on AFS securities was mainly due to unfavorable economics, including impacts from the conflict betweenRussia andUkraine , exposure toChina's real estate market and higher allowances on CLO and ABS securities due to credit spread widening. During the six months endedJune 30, 2021 , we recorded a change in provision for credit losses on AFS securities of$5 million of which all$5 million had an income statement impact. The intent-to-sell impairments for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021 were$22 million and$3 million , respectively.
International Exposure
A portion of our AFS securities are invested in securities with international exposure. As of bothJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , 35% of the carrying value of our AFS securities, including related parties, was comprised of securities of issuers based outside ofthe United States and debt securities of foreign governments. These securities are either denominated in US dollars or do not expose us to significant foreign currency risk as a result of foreign currency swap arrangements.
The following table presents our international exposure in our AFS portfolio,
including related parties, by country or region:
Successor Predecessor June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Amortized Fair Value Percent of Amortized Fair Value Percent of (In millions, except percentages) Cost Total Cost Total Country of risk Ireland$ 4,964 $ 4,097 11.7 %$ 5,172 $ 5,052 13.0 % Other Europe 9,421 7,597 21.7 % 8,864 9,218 23.7 % Total Europe 14,385 11,694 33.4 % 14,036 14,270 36.7 % Non-US North America 17,851 16,452 47.0 % 17,218 17,387 44.8 % Australia & New Zealand 2,728 2,378 6.8 % 2,441 2,557 6.6 % Central & South America 1,621 1,380 4.0 % 1,347 1,346 3.5 % Africa & Middle East 2,267 1,973 5.6 % 1,966 2,019 5.2 % Asia/Pacific 1,481 1,107 3.2 % 1,256 1,262 3.2 % Total$ 40,333 $ 34,984 100.0 %$ 38,264 $ 38,841 100.0 % Approximately 97.0% and 96.7% of these securities are investment grade by NAIC designation as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 . As ofJune 30, 2022 , 11% of our AFS securities, including related parties, were invested in CLOs ofCayman Islands issuers (included inNon-US North America ) for which underlying investments are largely loans to US issuers and 24% were invested in securities of other non-US issuers. The majority of our investments inIreland are comprised of Euro denominated CLOs, for which the SPV is domiciled inIreland , but the underlying leveraged loans involve borrowers from the broader European region. As ofJune 30, 2022 , we held Russian AFS securities of$31 million , including related parties. Our investment managers analyze each holding for credit risk by economic and other factors of each country and industry.
Trading Securities
Trading securities, including related parties, were$2.6 billion and$3.8 billion as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , respectively. Trading securities are primarily comprised of AmerUs Closed Block securities for which we have elected the fair value option valuation, CLO and ABS equity tranche securities, structured securities with embedded derivatives, investments which support various reinsurance arrangements andMidCap Financial profit participating notes prior to the contribution of the notes toAAA during the second quarter of 2022. The decrease in trading securities was primarily driven by the contribution of ourMidCap Financial profit participating notes and PK AirFinance subordinated notes toAAA during the second quarter of 2022 as well as losses caused by an increase inUS Treasury rates and credit spread widening. 87
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Mortgage Loans
The following is a summary of our mortgage loan portfolio by collateral type,
including assets held by related parties and consolidated VIEs:
Successor Predecessor June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Net Carrying (In millions, except percentages) Fair Value Percent of Total Value Percent of Total Property type Office building$ 5,148 18.1 %$ 4,870 20.1 % Retail 1,929 6.7 % 2,022 8.4 % Apartment 6,068 21.2 % 4,626 19.2 % Hotels 1,730 6.0 % 1,727 7.2 % Industrial 2,459 8.6 % 2,336 9.7 % Other commercial1 2,005 7.0 % 1,316 5.4 % Total net commercial mortgage loans 19,339 67.6 % 16,897 70.0 % Residential loans 9,287 32.4 % 7,251 30.0 % Total mortgage loans, including related parties and VIEs$ 28,626 100.0 %$ 24,148 100.0 %
1 Other commercial loans include investments in nursing homes, other healthcare institutions, parking garages, storage facilities
and other commercial properties.
We invest a portion of our investment portfolio in mortgage loans, which are generally comprised of high quality commercial first lien and mezzanine real estate loans. Our mortgage loan holdings, including related parties and consolidated VIEs, were$28.6 billion and$24.1 billion as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , respectively. This included$1.8 billion and$1.9 billion of mezzanine mortgage loans as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , respectively. We have acquired mortgage loans through acquisitions and reinsurance arrangements, as well as through an active program to invest in new mortgage loans. We invest in CMLs on income producing properties including hotels, apartments, retail and office buildings, and other commercial and industrial properties. Our RML portfolio primarily consists of first lien RMLs collateralized by properties located in the US. Loan-to-value ratios at the time of loan approval are generally 75% or less. In connection with the merger, we elected the fair value option on our mortgage loan portfolio; therefore, we no longer have an allowance for credit losses for commercial and residential loans. Interest income is accrued on the principal amount of the loan based on the loan's contractual interest rate. Interest income and prepayment fees are reported in net investment income on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). Changes in the fair value of the mortgage loan portfolio are reported in investment related gains (losses) on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). It is our policy to cease to accrue interest on loans that are over 90 days delinquent. For loans less than 90 days delinquent, interest is accrued unless it is determined that the accrued interest is not collectible. If a loan becomes over 90 days delinquent, it is our general policy to initiate foreclosure proceedings unless a workout arrangement to bring the loan current is in place. As ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , we had$677 million and$990 million , respectively, of mortgage loans that were 90 days past due, of which$130 million and$54 million , respectively, were in the process of foreclosure. As ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 ,$338 million and$856 million of mortgage loans that were 90 days past due were related toGovernment National Mortgage Association (GNMA) early buyouts that are fully or partially guaranteed and are accruing interest. Investment Funds Our investment funds investment strategy primarily focuses on funds with core holdings of strategic origination and insurance platforms and equity, hybrid, yield and other funds. Our investment funds generally meet the definition of a VIE, and in certain cases these investment funds are consolidated in our financial statements because we meet the criteria of the primary beneficiary. 88
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The following table illustrates our investment funds, including related parties and consolidated VIEs: Successor Predecessor June 30, 2022 December 31, 20211 Percent of Percent of (In millions, except percentages) Carrying Value Total Carrying Value Total Investment funds Equity $ 21 0.2 % $ 410 4.2 % Hybrid 93 0.8 % 667 6.7 % Yield 19 0.2 % 99 1.0 % Other - - % 2 - % Total investment funds 133 1.2 % 1,178 11.9 % Investment funds - related parties Strategic origination platforms 267 2.4 % 1,338 13.6 % Strategic insurance platforms 1,092 9.8 % 1,440 14.6 % Apollo and other fund investments Equity 148 1.3 % 1,199 12.1 % Hybrid 8 0.1 % 952 9.6 % Yield 1 - % 305 3.1 % Other2 22 0.2 % 2,157 21.9 % Total investment funds - related parties 1,538 13.8 % 7,391 74.9 % Investment funds owned by consolidated VIEs Strategic origination platforms 2,883 25.8 % 264 2.7 % Strategic insurance platforms 554 5.0 % - - % Apollo and other fund investments Equity 2,575 23.1 % 229 2.3 % Hybrid 2,154 19.3 % 56 0.6 % Yield 1,288 11.5 % 748 7.6 % Other 40 0.3 % - - % Total investment funds owned by consolidated VIEs 9,494 85.0 % 1,297 13.2 % Total investment funds, including related parties and VIEs$ 11,165 100.0 % $ 9,866 100.0 %
1 Certain reclassifications have been made to conform with current year presentation.
2 Includes our investment in Apollo held as of
Overall, the total investment funds, including related parties and consolidated VIEs, were$11.2 billion and$9.9 billion , respectively, as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 . See Note 3 - Investments to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding how we account for our investment funds. Our investment fund portfolio is subject to a number of market related risks including interest rate risk and equity market risk. Interest rate risk represents the potential for changes in the investment fund's net asset values resulting from changes in the general level of interest rates. Equity market risk represents potential for changes in the investment fund's net asset values resulting from changes in equity markets or from other external factors which influence equity markets. These risks expose us to potential volatility in our earnings period-over-period. We actively monitor our exposure to these risks. The increase in investment funds, including related parties and consolidated VIEs, was primarily driven by the consolidation of additional VIEs in conjunction with our merger with Apollo, the deployment of organic inflows and the increase in valuation of several funds, partially offset by the distribution of our$2.1 billion investment in Apollo to AGM following the merger.
Funds Withheld at Interest
Funds withheld at interest represent a receivable for amounts contractually withheld by ceding companies in accordance with modco and funds withheld reinsurance agreements in which we act as the reinsurer. Generally, assets equal to statutory reserves are withheld and legally owned by the ceding company. We hold funds withheld at interest receivables, including those held with VIAC,Lincoln and Jackson. As ofJune 30, 2022 , the majority of the ceding companies holding the assets pursuant to such reinsurance agreements had a financial strength rating of A or better (based on anA.M. Best scale). 89
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The funds withheld at interest is comprised of the host contract and an embedded derivative. We are subject to the investment performance on the withheld assets with the total return directly impacting the host contract and the embedded derivative. Interest accrues at a risk-free rate on the host receivable and is recorded as net investment income in the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). The embedded derivative in our reinsurance agreements is similar to a total return swap on the income generated by the underlying assets held by the ceding companies. The change in the embedded derivative is recorded in investment related gains (losses). Although we do not legally own the underlying investments in the funds withheld at interest, in each instance the ceding company has hired Apollo to manage the withheld assets in accordance with our investment guidelines.
The following summarizes the underlying investment composition of the funds
withheld at interest, including related parties:
Successor Predecessor June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Percent of Percent of (In millions, except percentages) Carrying Value Total Carrying Value Total Fixed maturity securities US government and agencies $ - - % $ 50 0.1 % US state, municipal and political subdivisions 289 0.6 % 338 0.6 % Foreign governments 422 0.9 % 553 1.0 % Corporate 22,201 45.9 % 26,143 46.5 % CLO 4,338 9.0 % 5,322 9.5 % ABS 6,825 14.1 % 7,951 14.2 % CMBS 1,374 2.8 % 1,661 3.0 % RMBS 1,383 2.9 % 1,586 2.8 % Equity securities 432 0.9 % 243 0.4 % Mortgage loans 8,801 18.2 % 9,437 16.8 % Investment funds 1,294 2.7 % 1,807 3.2 % Derivative assets 135 0.3 % 208 0.4 % Short-term investments 402 0.8 % 54 0.1 % Cash and cash equivalents 850 1.8 % 1,049 1.9 % Other assets and liabilities (433) (0.9) % (288) (0.5) % Total funds withheld at interest including related party$ 48,313 100.0 % $ 56,114 100.0 % As ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , we held$48.3 billion and$56.1 billion , respectively, of funds withheld at interest receivables, including related party. Approximately 94.0% and 93.5% of the fixed maturity securities within the funds withheld at interest are investment grade by NAIC designation as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , respectively. The decrease in funds withheld at interest, including related party, was primarily driven by unrealized losses in the six months endedJune 30, 2022 attributed to an increase inUS Treasury rates and credit spread widening as well as run-off of the underlying blocks of business.
Derivative Instruments
We hold derivative instruments for economic hedging purposes to reduce our exposure to cash flow variability of assets and liabilities, equity market risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and foreign exchange risk. The types of derivatives we may use include interest rate swaps, foreign currency swaps and forward contracts, total return swaps, credit default swaps, variance swaps, futures and equity options.
A discussion regarding our derivative instruments and how such instruments are
used to manage risk is included in Note 4 - Derivative Instruments to the
condensed consolidated financial statements.
As part of our risk management strategies, management continually evaluates our
derivative instrument holdings and the effectiveness of such holdings in
addressing risks identified in our operations.
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Net Invested Assets
The following summarizes our net invested assets:
Successor Predecessor June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Net Invested Percent of Total Net Invested Percent of Total (In millions, except percentages) Asset Value1 Asset Value1 Corporate$ 79,064 41.8 %$ 75,163 42.9 % CLO 18,197 9.6 % 17,892 10.2 % Credit 97,261 51.4 % 93,055 53.1 % CML 24,070 12.7 % 21,438 12.2 % RML 9,327 4.9 % 7,116 4.1 % RMBS 6,871 3.6 % 6,969 4.0 % CMBS 3,729 2.0 % 3,440 2.0 % Real estate 43,997 23.2 % 38,963 22.3 % ABS 19,324 10.2 % 20,376 11.6 % Alternative investments 11,841 6.3 % 9,873 5.6 % State, municipal, political subdivisions and foreign government 2,716 1.4 % 2,505 1.4 % Equity securities 1,575 0.8 % 754 0.4 % Short-term investments 559 0.3 % 111 0.1 % US government and agencies 2,671 1.4 % 212 0.1 % Other investments 38,686 20.4 % 33,831 19.2 % Cash and equivalents 7,691 4.1 % 6,086 3.5 % Policy loans and other 1,670 0.9 % 1,296 0.7 % Net invested assets excluding investment in Apollo 189,305 100.0 % 173,231 98.8 % Investment in Apollo - - % 2,112 1.2 % Net invested assets$ 189,305 100.0 %$ 175,343 100.0 %
1 See
Our net invested assets were$189.3 billion and$175.3 billion as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , respectively. Corporate securities included$23.7 billion of private placements, which represented 12.5% of our net invested assets. The increase in net invested assets as ofJune 30, 2022 fromDecember 31, 2021 was primarily driven by growth from net organic inflows of$18.2 billion in excess of net liability outflows of$8.1 billion , purchase accounting adjustments resulting in an increase in book value as our investment portfolio was marked up to fair value and an increase in valuation of several alternative investments, partially offset by the distribution of our$2.1 billion investment in Apollo to AGM following the merger. In managing our business, we utilize net invested assets as presented in the above table. Net invested assets do not correspond to total investments, including related parties, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, as discussed previously in Key Operating and Non-GAAP Measures. Net invested assets represent the investments that directly back our net reserve liabilities and surplus assets. We believe this view of our portfolio provides a view of the assets for which we have economic exposure. We adjust the presentation for funds withheld and modco transactions to include or exclude the underlying investments based upon the contractual transfer of economic exposure to such underlying investments. We also adjust for VIEs to show the net investment in the funds, which are included in the alternative investments line above as well as adjust for the allowance for credit losses. Net invested assets includes our proportionate share of ACRA investments, based on our economic ownership, but excludes the proportionate share of investments associated with the noncontrolling interest. Net invested assets is utilized by management to evaluate our investment portfolio. Net invested assets is used in the computation of net investment earned rate, which allows us to analyze the profitability of our investment portfolio. Net invested assets is also used in our risk management processes for asset purchases, product design and underwriting, stress scenarios, liquidity, and ALM. 91
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Net Alternative Investments
The following summarizes our net alternative investments:
Successor Predecessor June 30, 2022 December 31, 20211 Net Invested Net Invested (In millions, except percentages) Asset Value Percent of Total Asset Value Percent of Total Strategic origination platforms MidCap Financial$ 687 5.8 % $ 666 6.7 % NNN Lease 733 6.2 % 637 6.5 % Wheels Donlen 723 6.1 % 590 6.0 % PK Air Finance 277 2.3 % 316 3.2 % Foundation Home Loans 251 2.2 % - - % Other 455 3.8 % 316 3.2 % Total strategic origination platforms 3,126 26.4 % 2,525 25.6 % Strategic retirement services platforms Athora 885 7.5 % 743 7.5 % Catalina 437 3.7 % 442 4.6 % FWD 400 3.4 % 400 4.1 % Challenger 262 2.2 % 232 2.3 % Venerable 230 1.9 % 219 2.2 % Other 70 0.6 % 133 1.3 % Total strategic retirement services platforms 2,284 19.3 % 2,169 22.0 % Apollo and other fund investments Equity Real estate 1,243 10.5 % 1,105 11.2 % Traditional private equity 1,151 9.7 % 689 7.0 % Other 355 3.0 % 309 3.1 % Total equity 2,749 23.2 % 2,103 21.3 % Hybrid Real estate 1,091 9.2 % 809 8.2 % Other 1,409 11.9 % 1,282 13.0 % Total hybrid 2,500 21.1 % 2,091 21.2 % Yield 901 7.6 % 773 7.8 % Total Apollo and other fund investments 6,150 51.9 % 4,967 50.3 % Other 281 2.4 % 212 2.1 % Net alternative investments$ 11,841 100.0 %$ 9,873 100.0 %
1 Certain reclassifications have been made to conform with current year presentation.
Net alternative investments were$11.8 billion and$9.9 billion as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , respectively, representing 6.3% and 5.6% of our net invested assets portfolio as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , respectively. The increase in net alternative investments was primarily driven by deployment into alternative investments from growth in net organic inflows over liability outflows and an increase in valuation of several alternative investments. Net alternative investments do not correspond to the total investment funds, including related parties and consolidated VIEs, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. As discussed above in the net invested assets section, we adjust the GAAP presentation for funds withheld, modco and VIEs. We include CLO and ABS equity tranche securities in alternative investments due to their underlying characteristics and equity-like features. Through our relationship with Apollo, we have indirectly invested in companies that meet the key characteristics we look for in net alternative investments.Athora , our largest alternative investment, is a strategic investment. 92
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
Athora Athora is a specialized insurance and reinsurance group fully focused on the European market.Athora's principal operational subsidiaries areAthora Netherlands N.V. inthe Netherlands ,Athora Belgium SA inBelgium ,Athora Lebensversicherung AG inGermany ,Athora Ireland plc inIreland , andAthora Life Re Ltd inBermuda .Athora deploys capital and resources to further its mission to build a stand-alone independent and integrated insurance and reinsurance business.Athora's growth is achieved primarily through acquisitions, portfolio transfers and reinsurance.Athora is building a European insurance brand and has successfully acquired, integrated, and transformed four insurance companies:Delta Lloyd Deutschland AG (2015),Aegon Ireland plc (2018),Generali Belgium SA (2019) andVIVAT NV (2020). Our alternative investment inAthora had a carrying value of$885 million and$743 million as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , respectively. Our investment inAthora represents our proportionate share of its net asset value, which largely reflects any contributions to and distributions fromAthora and changes in its fair value.Athora returned a net investment earned rate of 20.75% and 14.34% for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and 21.34% and 9.39% for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Alternative investment income fromAthora was$45 million and$25 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and$91 million and$33 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in alternative investment income for both periods was driven by an increase in average NAV as well as strong performance of the fund in the current year. Public Equity We hold a public equity position in Jackson (ticker: JXN), previously held as a private equity investment, after Jackson's former parent company, Prudential plc, completed a dividend demerger transaction in September of 2021 which resulted in Jackson becoming a publicly traded company. Although the net invested asset value of this equity position is not significant, it has the ability to create volatility in our condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). As ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , we held approximately 2.8 million and 3.4 million shares of Jackson, respectively, with a market value of$70 million and$133 million , net of the ACRA noncontrolling interest, respectively. Alternative investment income (loss) from Jackson was$(44) million and$0 million for the three months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and$(32) million and$0 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease for both periods was driven by the decrease in Jackson's share price in the current year. 93
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
Non-GAAP Measure Reconciliations
The reconciliation of net income (loss) available to AHL common shareholder to
spread related earnings, is as follows:
Successor Predecessor Successor Predecessor Three months ended June 30, Three months ended Six months ended Six months ended (In millions) 2022 June 30, 2021 June 30, 2022 June 30, 2021 Net income (loss) available to Athene Holding Ltd. common shareholder$ (2,155) $ 1,382$ (3,673) $ 1,960 Preferred stock dividends 35 35 70 71 Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest (1,072) 389 (1,955) (148) Net income (loss) (3,192) 1,806 (5,558) 1,883 Income tax expense (benefit) (484) 184 (891) 246 Income (loss) before income taxes (3,676) 1,990 (6,449) 2,129 Realized gains (losses) on sale of AFS securities (39) 57 (103) 76 Unrealized, allowances and other investment gains (losses)1 (1,203) 504 (2,074) 579 Change in fair value of reinsurance assets (1,612) 554 (3,269) (311) Offsets to investment gains (losses) 172 (126) 303 15 Investment gains (losses), net of offsets (2,682) 989 (5,143) 359 Change in fair values of derivatives and embedded derivatives - FIAs, net of offsets (381) (68) (462) 420 Integration, restructuring and other non-operating expenses (33) (11) (67) (56) Stock compensation expense2 (13) (11) (25) (19) Preferred stock dividends 35 35 70 71 Noncontrolling interests - pre-tax income (loss) (1,044) 394 (1,934) (153) Total adjustments to income (loss) before income taxes (4,118) 1,328 (7,561) 622 Spread related earnings$ 442 $ 662$ 1,112 $ 1,507
1 Unrealized, allowances and other investment gains (losses) was updated to include the change in fair value of Apollo investment for prior
periods. 2 Stock compensation expense was updated to include our long-term incentive plan expense.
The reconciliation of total AHL shareholders' equity to total adjusted AHL
common shareholder's equity is as follows:
Successor Predecessor (In millions) June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Total AHL shareholders' equity$ 3,725 $ 20,130 Less: Preferred stock 2,667 2,312 Total AHL common shareholder's equity 1,058 17,818 Less: Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (9,787) 2,430
Less: Accumulated change in fair value of reinsurance assets (2,464)
585
Less: Accumulated change in fair value of mortgage loan
assets
(1,273) - Total adjusted AHL common shareholder's equity$ 14,582 $ 14,803 94
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
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The reconciliation of debt to capital ratio to adjusted debt to capital ratio is
as follows:
Successor Predecessor (In millions, except percentages) June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Total debt$ 3,279 $ 2,964 Less: Adjustment to arrive at notional debt 279 (36) Notional debt$ 3,000 $ 3,000 Total debt$ 3,279 $ 2,964 Total AHL shareholders' equity 3,725 20,130 Total Capitalization 7,004 23,094 Less: Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (9,787) 2,430
Less: Accumulated change in fair value of reinsurance assets (2,464)
585
Less: Accumulated change in fair value of mortgage loan assets (1,273)
- Less: Adjustment to arrive at notional debt 279 (36) Total adjusted capitalization$ 20,249 $ 20,115 Debt to capital ratio 46.8 % 12.8 % Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (22.3) % 1.6 % Accumulated change in fair value of reinsurance assets (5.6) % 0.4 % Accumulated change in fair value of mortgage loan assets (2.9) % - % Adjustment to arrive at notional debt (1.2) % 0.1 % Adjusted debt to capital ratio 14.8 % 14.9 %
The reconciliation of net investment income to net investment earnings and
earned rate is as follows:
Successor Predecessor Successor Predecessor Three months endedJune 30, 2022 Three months endedJune 30, 2021 Six months endedJune 30, 2022 Six months endedJune 30, 2021 (In millions, except percentages) Dollar Rate Dollar Rate Dollar Rate Dollar Rate GAAP net investment income$ 1,726 3.70 %$ 2,017 5.15 %$ 3,409 3.71 %$ 3,686 4.78 % Change in fair value of reinsurance assets 50 0.11 % 388 0.99 % 270 0.29 % 754 0.98 % VIE earnings adjustment 91 0.19 % 21 0.05 % 170 0.19 % 58 0.08 % Alternative gains (losses) (28) (0.06) % (18) (0.05) % (10) (0.01) % 51 0.06 % ACRA noncontrolling interest (347) (0.74) % (219) (0.56) % (652) (0.71) % (417) (0.54) % Apollo investment gain - - % (472) (1.20) % (33) (0.04) % (447) (0.58) % Held for trading amortization and other (4) (0.01) % 9 0.02 % (11) (0.01) % 39 0.05 % Total adjustments to arrive at net investment earnings/earned rate (238) (0.51) % (291) (0.75) % (266) (0.29) % 38 0.05 % Total net investment earnings/earned rate$ 1,488 3.19 %$ 1,726 4.40 %$ 3,143 3.42 %$ 3,724 4.83 % Average net invested assets$ 186,788 $ 156,753 $ 184,034 $ 154,125 95
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
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The reconciliation of GAAP benefits and expenses to cost of funds is as follows: Successor Predecessor Successor Predecessor Three months endedJune 30, 2022 Three months endedJune 30, 2021 Six months endedJune 30, 2022 Six months endedJune 30, 2021 (In millions, except percentages) Dollar Rate Dollar Rate Dollar Rate Dollar Rate GAAP benefits and expenses$ 5,471 11.72 %$ 4,433 11.31 %$ 7,975 8.67 %$ 8,685 11.27 % Premiums (5,614) (12.02) % (1,598) (4.08) % (7,724) (8.39) % (4,609) (5.98) % Product charges (175) (0.37) % (157) (0.40) % (341) (0.37) % (307) (0.40) % Other revenues 9 0.02 % (20) (0.05) % 12 0.01 % (34) (0.04) % FIA option costs 306 0.65 % 278 0.71 % 600 0.65 % 557 0.72 % Reinsurance embedded derivative impacts 12 0.03 % 12 0.03 % 24 0.02 % 26 0.03 % Change in fair value of embedded derivatives - FIA, net of offsets 903 1.93 % (1,450) (3.70) % 1,253 1.36 % (1,748) (2.27) % DAC and DSI amortization related to investment gains and losses1 26 0.06 % (94) (0.24) % 36 0.04 % 45 0.06 % Rider reserves related to investment gains and losses 141 0.30 % (20) (0.05) % 265 0.29 % 1 - % Policy and other operating expenses, excluding policy acquisition expenses (260) (0.56) % (168) (0.43) % (507) (0.55) % (369) (0.48) % AmerUs closed block fair value liability 114 0.24 % (54) (0.14) % 241 0.26 % 39 0.05 % ACRA noncontrolling interest (26) (0.06) % (242) (0.62) % (113) (0.12) % (349) (0.45) % Other (21) (0.04) % 5 0.02 % (9) (0.01) % (2) - % Total adjustments to arrive at cost of funds (4,585) (9.82) % (3,508) (8.95) % (6,263) (6.81) % (6,750) (8.76) % Total cost of funds$ 886 1.90 % $ 925 2.36 %$ 1,712 1.86 %$ 1,935 2.51 % Average net invested assets$ 186,788 $ 156,753 $ 184,034 $ 154,125
1 Periods prior to the merger include VOBA amortization related to investment gains and losses.
The reconciliation of policy and other operating expenses to other operating expenses is as follows: Successor Predecessor Successor Predecessor Three months ended Three months ended Six months ended Six months ended (In millions) June 30, 2022 June 30, 2021 June 30, 2022 June 30, 2021 GAAP policy and other operating expenses $ 358 $ 252 $ 693 $ 545 Interest expense (41) (34) (74) (66) Policy acquisition expenses, net of deferrals (98) (84) (186) (176) Integration, restructuring and other non-operating expenses (33) (11) (67) (56) Stock compensation expenses1 (13) (11) (25) (19) ACRA noncontrolling interest (59) (19) (110) (40) Other changes in policy and other operating expenses (5) (8) (13) (13) Total adjustments to arrive at other operating expenses (249) (167) (475) (370) Other operating expenses $ 109 $ 85 $ 218 $ 175
1 Stock compensation expense was updated to include our long-term incentive plan expense.
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
The reconciliation of total investments, including related parties, to net
invested assets is as follows:
Successor Predecessor (In millions) June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Total investments, including related parties$ 186,569 $ 209,176 Derivative assets (2,932) (4,387) Cash and cash equivalents (including restricted cash) 11,925 10,275 Accrued investment income 1,086 962 Payables for collateral on derivatives (1,904) (3,934) Reinsurance funds withheld and modified coinsurance 5,449 (1,035)
VIE and VOE assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interest 11,499
2,958 Unrealized (gains) losses 17,371 (4,057) Ceded policy loans (182) (169) Net investment receivables (payables) 26 75 Allowance for credit losses 638 361 Total adjustments to arrive at gross invested assets 42,976 1,049 Gross invested assets 229,545 210,225 ACRA noncontrolling interest (40,240) (34,882) Net invested assets$ 189,305 $ 175,343 The reconciliation of total investment funds, including related parties and VIEs, to net alternative investments within net invested assets is as follows: Successor Predecessor (In millions) June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Investment funds, including related parties and VIEs $ 11,165
$ 9,866 Equity securities1 544 872 CLO and ABS equities included in trading securities1 288 1,418 Investment in Apollo - (2,112) Investment funds within funds withheld at interest 1,294 1,807 Royalties and other assets included in other investments 46 50 Net assets of the VIE, excluding investment funds 203 (772) Unrealized (gains) losses and other adjustments 60 14 ACRA noncontrolling interest (1,759) (1,270) Total adjustments to arrive at alternative investments 676 7 Net alternative investments $ 11,841 $ 9,873
1 Prior period has been updated to reflect a reclassification between line items for comparability.
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The reconciliation of total liabilities to net reserve liabilities is as follows: Successor Predecessor (In millions) June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Total liabilities$ 230,865 $ 212,968 Debt (3,279) (2,964) Derivative liabilities (1,223) (472)
Payables for collateral on derivatives and securities to
repurchase
(3,784) (6,446) Other liabilities (2,640) (2,975) Liabilities of consolidated VIEs (408) (461) Reinsurance ceded receivables (4,437) (4,594) Policy loans ceded (182) (169) ACRA noncontrolling interest (37,274) (32,933) Other (5) (3) Total adjustments to arrive at net reserve liabilities (53,232) (51,017) Net reserve liabilities$ 177,633 $ 161,951
Liquidity and Capital Resources
There are two forms of liquidity relevant to our business, funding liquidity and balance sheet liquidity. Funding liquidity relates to the ability to fund operations. Balance sheet liquidity relates to our ability to liquidate or rebalance our balance sheet without incurring significant costs from fees, bid-offer spreads, or market impact. We manage our liquidity position by matching projected cash demands with adequate sources of cash and other liquid assets. Our principal sources of liquidity, in the ordinary course of business, are operating cash flows and holdings of cash, cash equivalents and other readily marketable assets. Our investment portfolio is structured to ensure a strong liquidity position over time in order to permit timely payment of policy and contract benefits without requiring asset sales at inopportune times or at depressed prices. In general, liquid assets include cash and cash equivalents, highly rated corporate bonds, unaffiliated preferred stock and unaffiliated public common stock, all of which generally have liquid markets with a large number of buyers. The carrying value of these assets, excluding assets within modified coinsurance and funds withheld portfolios, as ofJune 30, 2022 was$85.8 billion . Assets included in modified coinsurance and funds withheld portfolios are available to fund the benefits for the associated obligations but are restricted from other uses. The carrying value of the underlying assets in these modified coinsurance and funds withheld portfolios that we consider liquid as ofJune 30, 2022 was$26.4 billion . Although our investment portfolio does contain assets that are generally considered illiquid for liquidity monitoring purposes (primarily mortgage loans, policy loans, real estate, investment funds, and affiliated common stock), there is some ability to raise cash from these assets if needed. In periods of economic downturn, such as the one brought about by the spread of COVID-19, we may maintain higher cash balances than required to manage our liquidity risk and to take advantage of market dislocations as they arise. We have access to additional liquidity through our$1.25 billion credit facility, which was undrawn as ofJune 30, 2022 and had a remaining term of more than two years, subject to up to two one-year extensions. Additionally, we entered into a revolving liquidity facility, with a current borrowing capacity of$2.5 billion , in the third quarter of 2022, which has a 364-day term, subject to additional 364-day extensions. The liquidity facility will be used for liquidity and working capital needs to meet short-term cash flow and investment timing differences. We also have access to$2.0 billion of committed repurchase facilities. Our registration statement on Form S-3 ASR (Shelf Registration Statement) provides us access to the capital markets, subject to favorable market conditions and other factors. We are also party to repurchase agreements with several different financial institutions, pursuant to which we may obtain short-term liquidity, to the extent available. In addition, through our membership in the FHLB, we are eligible to borrow under variable rate short-term federal funds arrangements to provide additional liquidity. We proactively manage our liquidity position to meet cash needs while minimizing adverse impacts on investment returns. We analyze our cash-flow liquidity over the upcoming 12 months by modeling potential demands on liquidity under a variety of scenarios, taking into account the provisions of our policies and contracts in force, our cash flow position, and the volume of cash and readily marketable securities in our portfolio. Liquidity risk is monitored, managed and mitigated through a number of stress tests and analyses to assess our ability to meet our cash flow requirements, as well as the ability of our reinsurance and insurance subsidiaries to meet their collateral obligations, under various stress scenarios. We further seek to mitigate liquidity risk by maintaining access to alternative, external sources of liquidity as described below.
Our liquidity risk management framework is codified in the company's Liquidity
Risk Policy that is reviewed and approved by our board of directors.
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
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Insurance Subsidiaries' Liquidity
Operations
The primary cash flow sources for our insurance subsidiaries include retirement services product inflows (premiums), investment income, principal repayments on our investments, net transfers from separate accounts and financial product inflows. Uses of cash include investment purchases, payments to policyholders for surrenders, withdrawals and payout benefits, interest and principal payments on funding agreements, payments to satisfy pension group annuity obligations, policy acquisition costs and general operating costs. Our policyholder obligations are generally long-term in nature. However, policyholders may elect to withdraw some, or all, of their account value during the surrender charge period of an annuity contract. We include provisions within our annuity policies, such as surrender charges and MVAs, which are intended to protect us from early withdrawals. As of each ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , approximately 74% of our deferred annuity liabilities were subject to penalty upon surrender. In addition, as ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , approximately 53% and 54%, respectively, of policies contained MVAs that may also have the effect of limiting early withdrawals if interest rates increase, but may encourage early withdrawals by effectively subsidizing a portion of surrender charges when interest rates decrease. Our funding agreements, group annuities and payout annuities are generally non-surrenderable which accounts for approximately 32% of our net reserve liabilities as ofJune 30, 2022 .
Membership in
Through our membership in the FHLB, we are eligible to borrow under variable rate short-term federal funds arrangements to provide additional liquidity. The borrowings must be secured by eligible collateral such as mortgage loans, eligible CMBS or RMBS, government or agency securities and guaranteed loans. As ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , we had$0 million of outstanding borrowings under these arrangements. We have issued funding agreements to the FHLB. These funding agreements were issued in an investment spread strategy, consistent with other investment spread operations. As ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , we had funding agreements outstanding with the FHLB in the aggregate principal amount of$3.0 billion and$2.8 billion , respectively. The maximum FHLB indebtedness by a member is determined by the amount of collateral pledged, and cannot exceed a specified percentage of the member's total statutory assets dependent on the internal credit rating assigned to the member by the FHLB. As ofJune 30, 2022 , the total maximum borrowings under the FHLB facilities were limited to$45.5 billion . However, our ability to borrow under the facilities is constrained by the availability of assets that qualify as eligible collateral under the facilities and certain other limitations. Considering these limitations, we estimate that as ofJune 30, 2022 we had the ability to draw up to a total of approximately$4.7 billion , inclusive of borrowings then outstanding. This estimate is based on our internal analysis and assumptions, and may not accurately measure collateral which is ultimately acceptable to the FHLB.
Securities Repurchase Agreements
We engage in repurchase transactions whereby we sell fixed income securities to third parties, primarily major brokerage firms or commercial banks, with a concurrent agreement to repurchase such securities at a determined future date. We require that, at all times during the term of the repurchase agreements, we maintain sufficient cash or other liquid assets sufficient to allow us to fund substantially all of the repurchase price. Proceeds received from the sale of securities pursuant to these arrangements are generally invested in short-term investments, with the offsetting obligation to repurchase the security included within payables for collateral on derivatives and securities to repurchase on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As per the terms of the repurchase agreements, we monitor the market value of the securities sold and may be required to deliver additional collateral (which may be in the form of cash or additional securities) to the extent that the value of the securities sold decreases prior to the repurchase date. As ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , the payables for repurchase agreements were$4.1 billion and$3.1 billion , respectively, while the fair value of securities and collateral held by counterparties backing the repurchase agreements was$4.2 billion and$3.2 billion , respectively. As ofJune 30, 2022 , payables for repurchase agreements were comprised of$1.9 billion of short-term and$2.2 billion of long-term repurchase agreements. As ofDecember 31, 2021 , payables for repurchase agreements were comprised of$2.5 billion of short-term and$598 million of long-term repurchase agreements. We have a$1.0 billion committed repurchase facility withBNP Paribas . The facility has an initial commitment period of 12 months and automatically renews for successive 12-month periods until terminated by either party. During the commitment period, we may sell andBNP Paribas is required to purchase eligible investment grade corporate bonds pursuant to repurchase transactions at pre-agreed discounts in exchange for a commitment fee. As ofJune 30, 2022 , we had no outstanding payables under this facility. We have a$1.0 billion committed repurchase facility with Societe Generale. The facility has a commitment term of 5 years, however, either party may terminate the facility upon 24-months' notice, in which case the facility will end upon the earlier of (1) such designated termination date, or (2)July 26, 2026 . During the commitment period, we may sell and Societe Generale is required to purchase eligible investment grade corporate bonds pursuant to repurchase transactions at pre-agreed rates in exchange for an ongoing commitment fee for the facility. As ofJune 30, 2022 , we had no outstanding payables under this facility. 99
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
Cash Flows
Our cash flows were as follows:
Successor Predecessor Six months ended June 30, Six months ended (In millions) 2022 June 30, 2021 Net income (loss)$ (5,558) $ 1,883 Non-cash revenues and expenses 10,284 615 Net cash provided by operating activities 4,726 2,498 Sales, maturities and repayments of investments 19,642 14,461 Purchases of investments (31,700) (25,604) Other investing activities 339 (129) Net cash used in investing activities (11,719) (11,272) Inflows on investment-type policies and contracts 13,925 11,120 Withdrawals on investment-type policies and contracts (4,074) (3,476) Other financing activities (1,144) 1,414 Net cash provided by financing activities 8,707 9,058 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (20) - Net increase in cash and cash equivalents1$ 1,694 $ 284
1 Includes cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash and cash equivalents of consolidated variable
interest entities.
Cash flows from operating activities
The primary cash inflows from operating activities include net investment income, annuity considerations and insurance premiums. The primary cash outflows from operating activities are comprised of benefit payments and operating expenses. Our operating activities generated cash flows totaling$4.7 billion and$2.5 billion for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in cash provided by operating activities was primarily driven by higher cash received from pension group annuity transactions net of outflows.
Cash flows from investing activities
The primary cash inflows from investing activities are the sales, maturities and repayments of investments. The primary cash outflows from investing activities are the purchases and acquisitions of new investments. Our investing activities used cash flows totaling$11.7 billion and$11.3 billion for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in cash used in investing activities was primarily attributable to an increase in purchases of investments due to the deployment of significant cash inflows from organic growth compared to prior year, largely offset by an increase in sales, maturities and repayments of securities.
Cash flows from financing activities
The primary cash inflows from financing activities are inflows on our investment-type policies, changes of cash collateral posted for derivative transactions, capital contributions, proceeds from the issuance of preferred stock and proceeds from borrowing activities. The primary cash outflows from financing activities are withdrawals on our investment-type policies, changes of cash collateral posted for derivative transactions, repayments of outstanding borrowings and payment of preferred and common stock dividends. Our financing activities provided cash flows totaling$8.7 billion and$9.1 billion for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease in cash provided by financing activities was primarily attributed to the change in the collateral posted for derivative transactions reflecting unfavorable equity market performance in the current year compared to favorable performance in the prior year, the payment of the$750 million dividend to Apollo declared in 2021, proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt in the prior year and the payment of common stock dividends of$375 million for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 , partially offset by higher organic inflows from retail and flow reinsurance net of withdrawals and net capital contributions from noncontrolling interests. 100
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Material Cash Obligations The following table summarizes estimated future cash obligations as ofJune 30, 2022 : Payments Due by Period 2027 and (In millions) Total 2022 2023-2024 2025-2026 thereafter Interest sensitive contract liabilities$ 164,571 $ 9,040 $ 40,578 $ 32,763 $ 82,190 Future policy benefits 52,478 866 3,866 3,798 43,948 Debt1 4,731 63 253 253 4,162 Securities to repurchase2 4,345 1,715 314 1,173 1,143 Total$ 226,125 $ 11,684 $ 45,011 $ 37,987 $ 131,443
1 The obligations for debt payments include contractual maturities of principal and estimated future interest payments based
on the terms of the debt agreements.
2 The obligations for securities for repurchase payments include contractual maturities of principal and estimated future
interest payments based on the terms of the agreements. Future interest payments on floating rate repurchase agreements were
calculated using the
Holding Company Liquidity Common Stock Dividends We declared common stock cash dividends of$750 million onDecember 31, 2021 with a record date and payment date following the completion of our merger with AGM. The dividend payable was included in related party other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets as ofDecember 31, 2021 . The dividend was paid onJanuary 4, 2022 . We declared common stock cash dividends of$187.5 million onJune 30, 2022 , payable to the holder of AHL's Class A common shares with a record date ofJune 28, 2022 and payment date ofJune 30, 2022 . We have paid$375 million in common stock dividends for the six months endedJune 30, 2022 .
Dividends from Subsidiaries
AHL is a holding company whose primary liquidity needs include the cash-flow requirements relating to its corporate activities, including its day-to-day operations, debt servicing, preferred and common stock dividend payments and strategic transactions, such as acquisitions. The primary source of AHL's cash flow is dividends from its subsidiaries, which are expected to be adequate to fund cash flow requirements based on current estimates of future obligations. The ability of AHL's insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends is limited by applicable laws and regulations of the jurisdictions where the subsidiaries are domiciled, as well as agreements entered into with regulators. These laws and regulations require, among other things, the insurance subsidiaries to maintain minimum solvency requirements and limit the amount of dividends these subsidiaries can pay. Subject to these limitations and prior notification to the appropriate regulatory agency, the US insurance subsidiaries are permitted to pay ordinary dividends based on calculations specified under insurance laws of the relevant state of domicile. Any distributions above the amount permitted by statute in any twelve month period are considered to be extraordinary dividends, and require the approval of the appropriate regulator prior to payment. AHL does not currently plan on having the US subsidiaries pay any dividends to their parents. Dividends from subsidiaries are projected to be the primary source of AHL's liquidity. Under the Bermuda Insurance Act, each of ourBermuda insurance subsidiaries is prohibited from paying a dividend in an amount exceeding 25% of the prior year's statutory capital and surplus, unless at least two members of the board of directors of theBermuda insurance subsidiary and its principal representative inBermuda sign and submit to theBermuda Monetary Authority (BMA) an affidavit attesting that a dividend in excess of this amount would not cause theBermuda insurance subsidiary to fail to meet its relevant margins. In certain instances, theBermuda insurance subsidiary would also be required to provide prior notice to the BMA in advance of the payment of dividends. In the event that such an affidavit is submitted to the BMA in accordance with the Bermuda Insurance Act, and further subject to theBermuda insurance subsidiary meeting its relevant margins, theBermuda insurance subsidiary is permitted to distribute up to the sum of 100% of statutory surplus and an amount less than 15% of its total statutory capital. Distributions in excess of this amount require the approval of the BMA. 101
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The maximum distribution permitted by law or contract is not necessarily indicative of our actual ability to pay such distributions, which may be further restricted by business and other considerations, such as the impact of such distributions on surplus, which could affect our ratings or competitive position and the amount of premiums that can be written. Specifically, the level of capital needed to maintain desired financial strength ratings from rating agencies, including S&P,A.M. Best , Fitch and Moody's, is of particular concern when determining the amount of capital available for distributions. AHL believes its insurance subsidiaries have sufficient statutory capital and surplus, combined with additional capital available to be provided by AHL, to meet their financial strength ratings objectives. Finally, state insurance laws and regulations require that the statutory surplus of our insurance subsidiaries following any dividend or distribution must be reasonable in relation to their outstanding liabilities and adequate for the insurance subsidiaries' financial needs. Other Sources of Funding We may seek to secure additional funding at the holding company level by means other than dividends from subsidiaries, such as by drawing on our undrawn$1.25 billion credit facility, drawing on our undrawn$2.5 billion revolving liquidity facility or by pursuing future issuances of debt or preference shares to third-party investors. Certain other sources of liquidity potentially available at the holding company level are discussed below. Our credit facility contains various standard covenants with which we must comply, including maintaining a Consolidated Debt to Capitalization Ratio (as such term is defined in the credit facility) of not greater than 35% at the end of any quarter, maintaining a minimum ConsolidatedNet Worth (as such term is defined in the credit facility) of no less than$7.3 billion , and restrictions on our ability to incur debt and liens, in each case with certain exceptions. Our revolving liquidity facility also contains various standard covenants with which we must comply, including maintaining an ALRe minimum ConsolidatedNet Worth (as such term is defined in the revolving liquidity facility) of no less than$9.3 billion and restrictions on our ability to incur debt and liens, in each case with certain exceptions.
Shelf Registration - Under our Shelf Registration Statement, subject to market
conditions, we have the ability to issue, in indeterminate amounts, debt
securities, preference shares, depositary shares, Class A common shares,
warrants and units.
Debt - The following summarizes our outstanding long-term senior notes (in millions, except percentages): Issuance Issue Date Maturity Date Interest Rate Principal Balance 2028 Senior Unsecured Notes January 12, 2018 2028 4.125%$1,000 2030 Senior Unsecured Notes April 3, 2020 2030 6.150%$500 2031 Senior Unsecured Notes October 8, 2020 2031 3.500%$500 2051 Senior Unsecured Notes May 25, 2021 2051 3.950%$500 2052 Senior Unsecured Notes December 13, 2021 2052 3.450%$500
See Note 9 - Debt to the consolidated financial statements in our 2021 Annual
Report for further information on debt.
Preferred Stock - The following summarizes our perpetual non-cumulative
preferred stock issuances (in millions, except share, per share data and
percentages):
Issuance
Fixed/Floating Rate Issue Date Optional Redemption Date1 Shares Issued Par Value Per Share Liquidation Value Per Share Aggregate Net Proceeds Series A Fixed-to-Floating Rate 6.350%June 10, 2019 June 30, 2029 34,500$1.00 $25,000 $839 Series B Fixed-Rate 5.625%September 19, 2019 September 30, 2024 13,800$1.00 $25,000 $333 Series C Fixed-Rate Reset 6.375%June 11, 2020 Variable2 24,000$1.00 $25,000 $583 Series D Fixed-Rate 4.875%December 18, 2020 December 30, 2025 23,000$1.00 $25,000 $557
1 We may redeem preferred stock anytime on or after the dates set forth in this column, subject to the terms of the applicable certificate of designations.
2 We may redeem during a period from and including
See Note 10 - Equity to the consolidated financial statements in our 2021 Annual
Report for further information on preferred stock.
Intercompany Note - AHL has an unsecured revolving note payable with ALRe, which permits AHL to borrow up to$2 billion with a fixed interest rate of 2.29% and a maturity date ofDecember 15, 2028 . As ofJune 30, 2022 andDecember 31, 2021 , the revolving note payable had an outstanding balance of$628 million and$158 million , respectively. Capital We believe that we have a strong capital position and that we are well positioned to meet policyholder and other obligations. We measure capital sufficiency using an internal capital model which reflects management's view on the various risks inherent to our business, the amount of capital required to support our core operating strategies and the amount of capital necessary to maintain our current ratings in a recessionary environment. The amount of capital required to support our core operating strategies is determined based upon internal modeling and analysis of economic risk, as well as inputs from rating agency capital models and consideration of both NAIC RBC andBermuda capital requirements. Capital in excess of this required amount is considered excess equity capital, which is available to deploy. 102
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
As ofDecember 31, 2021 and 2020, our US insurance companies' TAC, as defined by the NAIC, was$3.0 billion and$2.7 billion , respectively, and our US RBC ratio was 377% and 425%, respectively. The decrease was primarily driven by strong growth in our organic channels, a recent NAIC update to C-1 factors, higher unfunded commitments and the impairment of a COLI asset, partially offset by higher total adjusted capital largely from capital contributions. Each US domestic insurance subsidiary's state of domicile imposes minimum RBC requirements that were developed by the NAIC. The formulas for determining the amount of RBC specify various weighting factors that are applied to financial balances or various levels of activity based on the perceived degree of risk. Regulatory compliance is determined by a ratio of TAC to its authorized control level RBC (ACL). Our TAC was significantly in excess of all regulatory standards as ofDecember 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.Bermuda statutory capital and surplus for ourBermuda insurance companies in aggregate was$14.6 billion and$13.5 billion as ofDecember 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. OurBermuda insurance companies adhere to BMA regulatory capital requirements to maintain statutory capital and surplus to meet the minimum margin of solvency and maintain minimum economic balance sheet (EBS) capital and surplus to meet the enhanced capital requirement. Under the EBS framework, assets are recorded at market value and insurance reserves are determined by reference to nine prescribed scenarios, with the scenario resulting in the highest reserve balance being ultimately required to be selected. TheBermuda group's EBS capital and surplus was$19.7 billion and$17.2 billion , resulting in a BSCR ratio of 232% and 254% as ofDecember 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease was primarily driven by strong growth in our organic channels and the declared dividend. TheBermuda group's BSCR ratio includes the capital and surplus of ALRe, AARe, ALReI and all of their subsidiaries, including AUSA and its subsidiaries. An insurer must have a BSCR ratio of 100% or greater to be considered solvent by the BMA. As ofDecember 31, 2021 and 2020, ourBermuda insurance companies held the appropriate capital to adhere to these regulatory standards. As ofDecember 31, 2021 and 2020, our Bermuda RBC was 410% and 460%, respectively. The decrease was primarily driven by strong growth in our organic channels, a recent NAIC update to C-1 factors and the declared dividend. The Bermuda RBC ratio is calculated by applying the NAIC RBC factors to the statutory financial statements of our non-US reinsurance subsidiaries on an aggregate basis with certain adjustments made by management as described in the glossary. We exclude our interests in the AOG units and other subsidiary holding companies from our capital base for purposes of calculating Bermuda RBC, but do reflect such interests within our capital analysis, net of risk charges. ACRA - ACRA provides us with access to on-demand capital to support our growth strategies and capital deployment opportunities. ACRA provides a capital source to fund both our inorganic and organic channels, including pension group annuity, funding agreement and retail channels. This shareholder-friendly, strategic capital solution allows us the flexibility to simultaneously deploy capital across multiple accretive avenues, while maintaining a strong financial position.
Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of any contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Amounts based on such estimates involve numerous assumptions subject to varying and potentially significant degrees of judgment and uncertainty, particularly related to the future performance of the underlying business, and will likely change in the future as additional information becomes available. Critical estimates and assumptions are evaluated on an ongoing basis based on historical developments, market conditions, industry trends and other information that is reasonable under the circumstances. There can be no assurance that actual results will conform to estimates and assumptions and that reported results of operations will not be materially affected by the need to make future accounting adjustments to reflect periodic changes in these estimates and assumptions. Critical accounting estimates are impacted significantly by our methods, judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements and should be read in conjunction with our significant accounting policies described in Note 1 - Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements of our 2021 Annual Report. The following summary of our critical accounting estimates is intended to enhance one's ability to assess our financial condition and results of operations and the potential volatility due to changes in estimate. Other than as described in this Item 2, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates and judgments from those previously disclosed in our 2021 Annual Report. The following updates and supplements the critical accounting estimates and judgments in our 2021 Annual Report.
Investments
We are responsible for the fair value measurement of certain investments presented in our condensed consolidated financial statements. We perform regular analysis and review of our valuation techniques, assumptions and inputs used in determining fair value to evaluate if the valuation approaches are appropriate and consistently applied, and the various assumptions are reasonable. We also perform quantitative and qualitative analysis and review of the information and prices received from commercial pricing services and broker-dealers, to verify it represents a reasonable estimate of the fair value of each investment. In addition, we use both internally-developed and commercially-available cash flow models to analyze the reasonableness of fair values using credit spreads and other market assumptions, where appropriate. For investment funds, we typically recognize our investment, including those for which we have elected the fair value option, based on net asset value information provided by the general partner or related asset manager. For a discussion of our investment funds for which we have elected the fair value option, see Note 6 - Fair Value to the condensed consolidated financial statements. 103
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
Valuation of Mortgage Loans Effective January 1, 2022, we elected the fair value option on our mortgage loan portfolio. We use independent commercial pricing services to value our mortgage loans portfolio. Discounted cash flow analysis is performed through which the loans' contractual cash flows are modeled and an appropriate discount rate is determined to discount the cash flows to arrive at a present value. Financial factors, credit factors, collateral characteristics and current market conditions are all taken into consideration when performing the discounted cash flow analysis. We perform vendor due diligence exercises annually to review vendor processes, models and assumptions. Additionally, we review price movements on a quarterly basis to ensure reasonableness.
Future Policy Benefits
The future policy benefit liabilities associated with long duration contracts include term and whole-life products, accident and health, disability, and deferred and immediate annuities with life contingencies. Liabilities for non-participating long duration contracts are established using accepted actuarial valuation methods which require us to make certain assumptions regarding expenses, investment yields, mortality, morbidity, and persistency, with a provision for adverse deviation, at the date of issue or acquisition. As of June 30, 2022, the reserve investment yield assumptions for non-participating contracts range from 2.3% to 5.4% and are specific to our expected earned rate on the asset portfolio supporting the reserves. We base other key assumptions, such as mortality and morbidity, on industry standard data adjusted to align with actual company experience, if necessary. Premium deficiency tests are performed periodically using current assumptions, without provisions for adverse deviation, in order to test the appropriateness of the established reserves. If the reserves using current assumptions are greater than the existing reserves, the excess is recorded and the initial assumptions are revised.
Liabilities for Guaranteed Living Withdrawal Benefits and Guaranteed Minimum
Death Benefits
We issue and reinsure deferred annuity contracts which contain GLWB and GMDB riders. We establish future policy benefits for GLWB and GMDB by estimating the expected value of withdrawal and death benefits in excess of the projected account balance. We recognize the excess proportionally over the accumulation period based on total actual and expected assessments. The methods we use to estimate the liabilities have assumptions about policyholder behavior, which includes lapses, withdrawals and utilization of the benefit riders; mortality; and market conditions affecting the account balance. Projected policyholder lapse and withdrawal behavior assumptions are set in one of two ways. For certain blocks of business, this behavior is a function of our predictive analytics model which considers various observable inputs. For the remaining blocks of business, these assumptions are set at the product level by grouping individual policies sharing similar features and guarantees and reviewed periodically against experience. Base lapse rates consider the level of surrender charges and are dynamically adjusted based on the level of current interest rates relative to the guaranteed rates and the amount by which any rider guarantees are in a net positive position. Rider utilization assumptions consider the number and timing of policyholders electing the riders. We track and update this assumption as experience emerges. Mortality assumptions are set at the product level and generally based on standard industry tables, adjusted for historical experience and a provision for mortality improvement. Projected guaranteed benefit amounts in excess of the underlying account balances are considered over a range of scenarios in order to capture our exposure to the guaranteed withdrawal and death benefits. The assessments used to accrue liabilities are based on interest margins, rider charges, surrender charges and realized gains (losses). As such, future reserve changes can be sensitive to changes in investment results and the impacts of shadow adjustments, which represent the impact of assuming unrealized gains (losses) are realized in future periods. As of June 30, 2022, the GLWB and GMDB liability balance, including the impacts of shadow adjustments, totaled $5.3 billion. The relative sensitivity of the GLWB and GMDB liability balance from changes to these assumptions, including the impacts of shadow adjustments from hypothetical changes in projected assessments, changes in the discount rate and annual equity growth, has decreased following the business combination and pushdown accounting election described in Note 2 - Business Combination. Using factors consistent with those previously disclosed in our 2021 Annual Report, changes to the GLWB and GMDB liability balance from these hypothetical changes in assumptions are not significant.
Derivatives
Valuation of Embedded Derivatives on indexed annuities
We issue and reinsure products, primarily indexed annuity products, or purchase investments that contain embedded derivatives. If we determine the embedded derivative has economic characteristics not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract, and a separate instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument, the embedded derivative is bifurcated from the host contract and accounted for separately, unless the fair value option is elected on the host contract. 104
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
Indexed annuities and indexed universal life insurance contracts allow the policyholder to elect a fixed interest rate return or an equity market component for which interest credited is based on the performance of certain equity market indices. The equity market option is an embedded derivative, similar to a call option. The benefit reserve is equal to the sum of the fair value of the embedded derivative and the host (or guaranteed) component of the contracts. The fair value of the embedded derivatives represents the present value of cash flows attributable to the indexed strategies. The embedded derivative cash flows are based on assumptions for future policy growth, which include assumptions for expected index credits on the next policy anniversary date, future equity option costs, volatility, interest rates, and policyholder behavior. The embedded derivative cash flows are discounted using a rate that reflects our own credit rating. The host contract is established at contract inception as the initial account value less the initial fair value of the embedded derivative and accreted over the policy's life. Contracts acquired through a business combination which contain an embedded derivative are re-bifurcated as of the acquisition date. In general, the change in the fair value of the embedded derivatives will not directly correspond to the change in fair value of the hedging derivative assets. The derivatives are intended to hedge the index credits expected to be granted at the end of the current term. The options valued in the embedded derivatives represent the rights of the policyholder to receive index credits over the period indexed strategies are made available to the policyholder, which is typically longer than the current term of the options. From an economic basis we believe it is suitable to hedge with options that align with index terms of our indexed annuity products because policyholder accounts are credited with index performance at the end of each index term. However, because the value of an embedded derivative in an indexed annuity contract is longer-dated, there is a duration mismatch which may lead to differences in the recognition of income and expense for accounting purposes. A significant assumption in determining policy liabilities for indexed annuities is the vector of rates used to discount indexed strategy cash flows. The change in risk free rates is expected to drive most of the movement in the discount rates between periods. Changes to credit spreads for a given credit rating as well as any change to our credit rating requiring a revised level of nonperformance risk would also be factors in the changes to the discount rate. If the discount rates used to discount the indexed strategy cash flows were to fluctuate, there would be a resulting change in reserves for indexed annuities recorded through the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). As of June 30, 2022, we had embedded derivative liabilities classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy of $5.5 billion. The increase (decrease) to the embedded derivatives on FIA products from hypothetical changes in discount rates is summarized as follows: (In millions) June 30, 2022 +100 bps discount rate $ (300) -100 bps discount rate 335 However, these estimated effects do not take into account potential changes in other variables, such as equity price levels and market volatility, which can also contribute significantly to changes in carrying values. Therefore, the quantitative impact presented in the table above does not necessarily correspond to the ultimate impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements. In determining the ranges, we have considered current market conditions, as well as the market level of discount rates that can reasonably be anticipated over the near-term. For additional information regarding sensitivities to interest rate risk and public equity risk, see Item 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks.
Deferred Acquisition Costs, Deferred Sales Inducements, and Value of Business
Acquired
Costs related directly to the successful acquisition of new or renewal insurance or investment contracts are deferred to the extent they are recoverable from future premiums or gross profits. These costs consist of commissions and policy issuance costs, as well as sales inducements credited to policyholder account balances. We perform periodic tests, including at issuance, to determine if the deferred costs are recoverable. If it is determined that the deferred costs are not recoverable, we record a cumulative charge to the current period. Deferred costs related to universal life-type policies and investment contracts with significant revenue streams from sources other than investment of the policyholder funds are amortized over the lives of the policies, based upon the proportion of the present value of actual and expected deferred costs to the present value of actual and expected gross profits to be earned over the life of the policies. Gross profits include investment spread margins, surrender charge income, policy administration, changes in the GLWB and GMDB reserves, and realized gains (losses) on investments. Current period gross profits for indexed annuities also include the change in fair value of both freestanding and embedded derivatives. Our estimates of expected gross profits and margins are based on assumptions using accepted actuarial methods related to policyholder behavior, including lapses and the utilization of benefit riders, mortality, yields on investments supporting the liabilities, future interest credited amounts (including indexed related credited amounts on fixed indexed annuity products), and other policy changes as applicable, and the level of expenses necessary to maintain the policies over their expected lives. Each reporting period, we update estimated gross profits with actual gross profits as part of the amortization process. We also periodically revise the key assumptions used in the amortization calculation which results in revisions to the estimated future gross profits. The effects of changes in assumptions are recorded as unlocking in the period in which the changes are made. 105
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
We establish VOBA for blocks of insurance contracts acquired through the acquisition of insurance entities. The fair value of the liabilities purchased is determined using market participant assumptions at the time of acquisition and represents the amount an acquirer would expect to be compensated to assume the contracts. We record the fair value of the liabilities assumed in two components: reserves and VOBA. Reserves are established using our best estimate assumptions, plus a provision for adverse deviation where applicable, as of the business combination date. VOBA is the difference between the fair value of the liabilities and the reserves. VOBA can be either positive or negative. Any negative VOBA is recorded to the same financial statement line on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as the associated reserves. Positive VOBA is recorded in DAC, DSI and VOBA on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
VOBA and negative VOBA are amortized in relation to applicable policyholder
liabilities. Significant assumptions which impact VOBA and negative VOBA
amortization are consistent with those which impact the measurement of
policyholder liabilities.
Estimated future gross profits vary based on a number of factors but are typically most sensitive to changes in investment spread margins, which are the most significant component of gross profits. If estimated gross profits for all future years on business in force were to change, including the impacts of shadow adjustments, there would be a resulting increase or decrease to the balances of DAC and DSI recorded as an increase or decrease to amortization of DAC and DSI on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss) or AOCI. Actual gross profits will depend on actual margins, including the changes in the value of embedded derivatives. The most sensitive assumption in determining the value of the embedded derivative is the vector of rates used to discount the embedded derivative cash flows. If the discount rates used to discount the embedded derivative cash flows were to change, there would be a resulting increase or decrease to the balances of DAC and DSI recorded as an increase or decrease in amortization of DAC and DSI on the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). Following the business combination and application of pushdown accounting described in Note 2 - Business Combination, Predecessor DAC and DSI balances were eliminated. Successor DAC and DSI balances exhibit less sensitivity to hypothetical changes in estimated future gross profits and changes in the embedded derivative discount rate as they are relatively less material following the business combination. VOBA balances no longer amortize based on estimated gross profits, and accordingly, are not sensitive to changes to actual or estimated gross profits.
Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements affecting us, see Note 1 -
Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies to the
condensed consolidated financial statements.
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APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT, INC. – 10-Q – MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FATHOM HOLDINGS INC. – 10-Q – Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
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