Senate confirms Kevin Warsh as Fed chair

The Senate on Wednesday confirmed Kevin Warsh to become the next chair of the Federal Reserve, marking the start of a new era for an institution that President Donald Trump has repeatedly attacked for not lowering interest rates as aggressively as he would like.

Warsh, whom Trump nominated for the top job at the central bank, was approved on a 54-45 vote. He will replace Jerome Powell, whose term as chair ends May 15. All but one Democrat in the upper chamber voted against Warsh, reflecting lingering concerns about his willingness to uphold the long-standing political independence of the central bank.

Trump has taken direct aim at that autonomy since returning to the White House last year. He is currently embroiled in a legal fight with Lisa Cook, a Fed governor he tried to fire over unsubstantiated allegations of mortgage fraud.

The president has also repeatedly insulted Powell, threatened to fire him and even backed a Justice Department criminal investigation into his handling of renovations of the Fed's headquarters. That investigation was once a major impediment to Warsh's confirmation. Sen. Thom Tillis, R-N.C., a member of the powerful Senate Banking Committee, vowed to block any Fed nominee from moving forward until the legal threats against Powell were dropped.

Jeanine Pirro, the U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia, relented late last month, but she maintained that the Justice Department could reopen the inquiry at any point. Pirro, who asked a federal judge last week to vacate a ruling that threw out subpoenas she had issued against the central bank, has said she will proceed depending on what the Fed's internal watchdog finds. Powell requested that inquiry in July.

Pirro's abrupt about-face was sufficient to appease Tillis, who lifted his blockade of Warsh's nomination shortly afterward. But it did not satisfy Powell, who had previously asserted that the investigation was retribution for the Fed's refusal to acquiesce to the president's demands for lower borrowing costs.

Powell said last month that he would not leave the Fed after his chair term ends on May 15 and would continue to serve as a governor, a position he can hold until January 2028. Powell said the pressure campaign being waged against the central bank left him no choice but to stay.

This article originally appeared in The New York Times.