Knowing what Medicare does and doesn’t cover

Dear Savvy Senior, I'm about to sign up for Medicare Part A and B and would like to find out what they don't cover so I can avoid any unexpected costs down the road. - Almost 65

Dear Almost, While Medicare covers a wide array of health care services, it certainly doesn't cover everything.

If you need or want certain services that aren't covered, you'll have to pay for them yourself unless you have other insurance or you're in a Medicare Advantage health plan, which may cover some of these services.

Here's a rundown of what original Medicare generally does not cover.

Alternative medicine: This includes acupuncture or chiropractic services (except to fix subluxation of the spine), and other types of alternative or complementary care.

Cosmetic surgery: Elective cosmetic procedures are not covered; however, certain surgeries may be if necessary to fix a malformation. For example, breast prostheses are covered if you had a mastectomy due to breast cancer.

Long-term care: This includes nursing home care, the costs of assisted living facilities and adult day care. Medicare does, however, help pay up to 100 days of skilled nursing or rehabilitation care immediately following a three-day inpatient hospital stay.

Personal care: The cost of hiring help for bathing, toileting and dressing are not covered unless you are homebound and are also receiving skilled nursing care. Housekeeping services, such as shopping, meal preparation and cleaning, are not covered either unless you are receiving hospice care.

Routine dental and vision care: Medicare will not cover routine dental checkups, cleanings, fillings or dentures. Nor do they cover routine vision care like eye exams, eye refractions, contact lenses or eyeglasses - except when following cataract surgery.

Hearing: Routine hearing exams and hearing aids are not covered either, although some hearing implants to treat a severe hearing loss may be covered.

Foot care: Medicare does not cover most routine foot care, like the cutting or removing of corns and calluses, nor does it pay for most orthopedic shoes or other foot supports (orthotics). Medicare will, however, cover foot injuries or diseases like hammertoes, bunion deformities and heel spurs, along with foot exams and treatments if you have diabetes-related nerve damage.

Non-emergency services: Medicare does not pay for copies of X- rays or most non-emergency transportation including ambulette services.

Overseas coverage: In most cases, health care you receive outside of the United States is not covered.

The best way to find out if Medicare covers what you need is to talk to your doctor or other health care provider. Or, visit www.medicare.gov/coverage and type in your test, item or service, to get a breakdown of what is and isn't covered.

Also keep in mind that even if Medicare covers a service or item, they don't usually pay 100 percent of the cost. Unless you have supplemental insurance, you'll have to pay monthly premiums as well as annual deductibles and copayments. Most preventive services, however, are covered by original Medicare with no copays or deductibles.

For more information on what original Medicare does and doesn't cover, see the "Medicare and You" 2015 booklet that you should receive in the mail a few months before you turn 65, or you can see it online at www.medicare.gov/pubs/pdf/10050.pdf.

You can also get help over the phone by calling Medicare at 800- 633-4227, or contact your State Health Insurance Assistance Program, who provides free one-on-one Medicare counseling in person or over the phone.

To find a local SHIP counselor, visit www.shiptalk.org or call the eldercare locator at 800-677-1116.

If you enroll in a Medicare Advantage plan, you'll need to contact you plan administrator for details.

Send your senior questions to: Savvy Senior, P.O. Box 5443, Norman, OK 73070, or visit www.savvysenior.org. Jim Miller is a contributor to the NBC "Today" show and author of "The Savvy Senior" book.